ABSTRACT
Seed germination is a complex process controlled by many factors, in which physical and biochemical mechanisms are involved and the mobilization of reserves is crucial for this process to occur. Although, seed reserve mobilization is usually thought to be a post-germination process, seed reserve proteins mobilization occurs during germination. This study quantified seed proteins of bean genotypes during different hydration times, in order to understand the process of protein mobilization and whether there is relationship of this biochemical component with seed vigor. This study was conducted using seeds with different levels of vigor, genotypes with highest (13, 42, 55 and 81) and lowest (07, 23, 44, 50, IPR-88-Uirapurú and Iapar 81) physiological quality. High vigor genotypes showed greater efficiency in hydrolysis and mobilization of protein component, because they presented low globulins content in cotyledons at radicle protrusion in relation to low vigor genotypes (07, 23 and 50). The protein alpha-amylase inhibitor, observed in all genotypes, is involved with the longer time needed for radicle protrusion, according to the band intensity difference in genotypes 07, 44 and Iapar 81.
A germinação de sementes é um processo complexo controlado por muitos fatores, nos quais mecanismos físicos e bioquímicos estão envolvidos e a mobilização de reservas é decisiva para que esse processo ocorra. Embora a mobilização de reservas de sementes seja considerada um processo pós-germinativo, a mobilização das proteínas de reserva de sementes ocorre durante a germinação. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar as proteínas de sementes de genótipos de feijão durante os diferentes tempos de hidratação, a fim de compreender o processo de mobilização proteica e se há relação desse componente bioquímico com o vigor das sementes. Este estudo foi realizado utilizando sementes com diferentes níveis de vigor, genótipos com maior (13, 42, 55 e 81) e menor (07, 23, 44, 50, IPR-88-Uirapurú e Iapar 81) qualidade fisiológica. Os genótipos de alto vigor apresentaram maior eficiência na hidrólise e mobilização do componente proteico, pois apresentaram baixo teor de globulinas nos cotilédones na protrusão radicular em relação aos genótipos de baixo vigor (07, 23 e 50). A proteína inibidora da alfa-amilase, observada em todos os genótipos, está envolvida com o maior tempo necessário para a protrusão da radícula, de acordo com a diferença de intensidade da banda nos genótipos 07, 44 e Iapar 81.
Subject(s)
Seeds/chemistry , Genetic Variation/genetics , Proteins/analysis , Phaseolus/embryology , Mass Spectrometry , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelABSTRACT
Aim: The present study was designed to identify stable rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), yield and its component traits and also to identify component traits associated with yield stability. Methodology: Twenty-one landraces along with five high yielding varieties (HYVs) of rice were evaluated at three nitrogen levels (0, 40 and 60 kg N ha-1) for two years (2014 and 2015). Eberhart and Russel’s (1966) stability analysis were employed to assess the genotype × environment (GE) interaction and the stability of the genotypes across six environments. To study homeostasis, simple correlation analysis among ten different traits was done based on stability parameters. Results: The present study revealed that environments created by graded nitrogen levels were fruitful for inducing environmental variations. The highly significant linear environmental variances were found for all ten traits. Linear GE interaction was significant for all the traits, except harvest index, grain nitrogen and nitrogen harvest index. The stability analysis identified four genotypes viz., Kolabor, Aki Bora, Rongdoi and Luha Sali with average stability whereas Betguti Sali was found to be stable below average. Correlation analysis based on stability parameters revealed the existence of homeostasis. Interpretation: Present study revealed that genotypes namely Kolabor, Aki Bora, Rongdoi and Luha Sali are suitable to grow under both nitrogen limiting and nitrogen non-limiting environments whereas Betguti Sali was suitable for nitrogen non-limiting environments. Correlation analysis, based on stability parameters, revealed that yield stability was due to the plasticity of some other component traits under study.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate, through data simulation, the impact of restrictions on the maximum number of full- and half-sibs selected for males and females on the level of inbreeding and genetic gain of the herd. Data came from real populations A and B, composed of Pietrain and Landrace breed pigs, respectively. To generate the simulated populations, a Fortran-language simulator was developed using the (co)variances of the breeding values and the productive and reproductive rates obtained from populations A and B. Two data files were created. The first contained the pedigree of the previous 10 years, with 21,906 and 251,343 animals in populations A and B, respectively. The second included breeding values for age to reach 110 Kg body weight, backfat thickness, and feed conversion, for both populations; longissimus dorsi muscle depth, for population A only; and number of live piglets at the 5th day of life per farrowing, for population B only. Three scenarios were simulated with ten generations by varying the restrictions on the number of full- and half-sibs selected for males and females, with 30 replicates per generation and scenario. Regardless of the mating strategy used in a closed production unit, there is an increase in inbreeding levels. Inbreeding increases are larger in populations of smaller effective size. Restrictions on the number of full- and half-sibs selected are effective in reducing increments in inbreeding. Restriction to a maximum of two full-sibs and three half-sibs for males and three full sisters for females provided the highest genetic gains.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de simulação de dados, o impacto das restrições no número máximo de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados para machos e fêmeas no nível de endogamia e ganho genético do rebanho. Os dados originais são provenientes das populações reais A e B, compostas por suínos da raça Pietrain e Landrace, respectivamente. Para gerar as populações simuladas, foi desenvolvido um simulador em linguagem Fortran utilizando as (co)variâncias dos valores genéticos e as taxas produtivas e reprodutivas obtidas das populações A e B. Dois arquivos de dados foram criados. O primeiro continha o pedigree dos 10 anos anteriores, com 21.906 e 251.343 animais nas populações A e B, respectivamente. O segundo incluiu os valores genéticos para idade para atingir 110 Kg de peso vivo, espessura de toucinho e conversão alimentar, para ambas as populações; profundidade do músculo longissimus dorsi, apenas para a população A; e número de leitões vivos no 5º dia de vida por parto, apenas para a população B. Três cenários foram simulados com dez gerações, variando as restrições quanto ao número de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados para machos e fêmeas, com 30 repetições por geração e cenário. Independentemente da estratégia de acasalamento utilizada em um núcleo de produção fechada, há aumento nos níveis de endogamia. Aumentos de endogamia são maiores em populações de menor tamanho efetivo. Restrições ao número de irmãos completos e meios-irmãos selecionados são eficazes na redução de incrementos na endogamia. A restrição de no máximo dois irmãos completos, três meios-irmãos para machos e três irmãs completas para fêmeas fornece os maiores ganhos genéticos.
ABSTRACT
Although pork quality traits are important commercially, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have not well considered Landrace and Yorkshire pigs worldwide. Landrace and Yorkshire pigs are important pork-providing breeds. Although quantitative trait loci of pigs are well-developed, significant genes in GWASs of pigs in Korea must be studied. Through a GWAS using the PLINK program, study of the significant genes in Korean pigs was performed. We conducted a GWAS and surveyed the gene ontology (GO) terms associated with the backfat thickness (BF) trait of these pigs. We included the breed information (Yorkshire and Landrace pigs) as a covariate. The significant genes after false discovery rate (<0.01) correction were AFG1L, SCAI, RIMS1, and SPDEF. The major GO terms for the top 5% of genes were related to neuronal genes, cell morphogenesis and actin cytoskeleton organization. The neuronal genes were previously reported as being associated with backfat thickness. However, the genes in our results were novel, and they included ZNF280D, BAIAP2, LRTM2, GABRA5, PCDH15, HERC1, DTNBP1, SLIT2, TRAPPC9, NGFR, APBB2, RBPJ, and ABL2. These novel genes might have roles in important cellular and physiological functions related to BF accumulation. The genes related to cell morphogenesis were NOX4, MKLN1, ZNF280D, BAIAP2, DNAAF1, LRTM2, PCDH15, NGFR, RBPJ, MYH9, APBB2, DTNBP1, TRIM62, and SLIT2. The genes that belonged to actin cytoskeleton organization were MKLN1, BAIAP2, PCDH15, BCAS3, MYH9, DTNBP1, ABL2, ADD2, and SLIT2.
Subject(s)
Actin Cytoskeleton , Gene Ontology , Genome-Wide Association Study , Korea , Morphogenesis , Neurons , Quantitative Trait Loci , Red Meat , SwineABSTRACT
Objective To determine the reproductive physiology and blood physiological and biochemical characteristics of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine.Methods Ten reproductive physiology parameters,19 blood physiological parameters and 18 blood biochemical parameters in SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine were measured using conventional methods and the differences between population,between age groups and between both sexes were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences(P>0.05) in reproductive physiology parameters and most blood physiological and biochemical parameters of the SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine.A few of parameters,such as blood physiological indices GRAN,HGB,RDW,PLT,PCT,and blood biochemical indices ALKP,CHOL,TBIL,BUN,showed significant difference(P<0.05) between populations,between age groups and between both sexes,however,the values of difference were rather small,deviated from the normal range.Conclusion The physiological and biochemical characteristics of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine are basically stable and there is no significant difference compared with other laboratory miniature pigs.This study will provide valuable basic data for raising velvet yield,establishment of animal models and evaluating the genetic quality of closed colony.
ABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of SLA class II genes in Canadian SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.Methods Blood samples were obtained from 15 SPF Yorkshire and 22 Landrace pigs for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells respectively, and the DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes were amplified by PCR after reverse transcription.SLA class II genes were obtained by analyzing the direct and cloning result.The polymorphism of alleles was analyzed using the DNAsp 5.0 software.Results A total of 25 alleles were identified at three genes, including eight DQB1, ten DRB1 and seven DQA, and three alleles were submitted the complete sequences for the first time.The official allele names were assigned as SLA-DQB1*0212 (KU754590), SLA-DQB1*0203 (KU754591) and DRB1*06:07(KU754601) by the SLA Nomenclature Committee.Three novel DQA alleles were discovered.Five of the 15 amino acids, one of the 16 amino acids and 11 of the 19 amino acids, which bind processing antigens, showed well conserved among the alleles of DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes in the SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, respectively.Neighbor-joining tree showed that the three genes were divided into two clusters, respectively.There was a close relationship between SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs and foreign Yucatan miniature pigs, and it showed no obvious genetic distance with other pigs.Conclusions A total of 25 SLA class II alleles have been identified successfully in this study, and there are more abundant polymorphism for them.There is a widely distribution for SLA class II alleles identified in this study in other pig breeds.It is critical for the eventual future use of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs as classical laboratory animal models.
ABSTRACT
Foi estudado o desempenho reprodutivo de 482 ovelhas multíparas (3/4 Texel x 1/4 Corriedale: TXC, 1/2 Romney Marsh x 1/2 Corriedale: RMC, 3/4 Poll Dorset x 1/4 Corriedale: PDC, 1/2 Finnish Landrace x 1/2 Merino Australiano: FLMA e Merino Australiano puras: MA), as características do crescimento de 585 cordeiros provenientes de carneiros Dorper e ovelhas: TXC (n = 68); RMC (n = 64); PDC (n = 68); FLMA (n = 183) e MA (n = 202) e os quilogramas de carne de cordeiros produzidos/kg de ovelha colocadas em cobertura (como indicador de eficiência), pastoreando campo natural e pastagens cultivadas. As ovelhas FLMA e TXC apresentaram as maiores taxas de parição (167,89 e 174,36%, respectivamente) em relação às demais cruzas, as quais não diferiram entre si (121,43 e 125,49%, PDC e RMC, respectivamente; P>0,05), porém foram superiores as MA (88,99%), sendo esse resultado uma consequência da maior quantidade de cordeiros nascidos/ovelha parida, que influenciou mais do que sua maior taxa de fertilidade. O genótipo da ovelha também afetou (P<0,0001) o crescimento dos cordeiros até o momento da sua venda com 41,6 ±6,7kg aos 206±7,25 dias de idade. Os cordeiros filhos das ovelhas TXC, PDC e RMC apresentaram maiores ganhos de peso diário que os filhos de FLMA, e esses maiores do que os MA. No entanto, de todas as cruzas avaliadas, somente a FLMA foi mais eficiente que a MA.
The reproductive performance of 482 multiparous ewes, with growth characteristics of 585 lambs from Dorper rams and ewes: 3/4 Texel x 1/4 Corriedale (TXC, n = 68); 1/2 Romney Marsh x 1/2 Corriedale (RMC, n = 64); 3/4 Poll Dorset x 1/4 Corriedale (PDC, n = 68); 1/2 Finnish Landrace x Australian Merino (FLAM, n = 183) and Australian Merino pure ewes (AM, n = 202) and kg of lamb produced/kg of sheep used in the service (as an indicator of efficiency), grazing natural and sown pastures, were studied. The TXC and FLAM sheep had the highest lambing percentage (167.89 and 174.36%, respectively) compared to the rest of the other crosses, and did not differ from each other (121.43 and 125.49%, PDC and RMC respectively, P>0.05), but were higher than AM (88.99%), due to the greater number of lambs born / ewe calving rather than their higher fertility. The type of ewe also affected (P<0.0001) lamb growth until its sale at 41.6±6.7 kg to 206±7.25 days of age, showing mothers of TXC lambs, PDC and RMC had higher daily gains than the FLAM and these more than those of MA. However, in all crosses tested, only FLAM was more efficient than MA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Crosses, Genetic , Hybrid Vigor , Sheep/genetics , Selective Breeding , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
Uno de los índices de productividad de la cerda es el número de partos al año, dependiendo éste de la duración de la gestación, lactancia e intervalo destete-preñez. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil endocrino reproductivo en cerdas mestizas F1 de la raza Landrace x Large White, durante el preparto, durante la lactancia y hasta el destete, mediante la concentración sérica de LH y FSH, y del 17β-Estradiol (E2). Se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio simple, 15 cerdas gestantes mestizas Landrace x Large White de una explotación porcina, ubicada en el estado Yaracuy. Se les extrajo mediante punción de la vena yugular, una muestra de sangre 7 d antes del parto, 1, 7, 14 y 21 d posparto y 1 y 3 d posdestete. Se determinó la concentración sérica de las hormonas mediante la prueba de ELISA. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el programa SPSS versión 10,0 para Windows, aplicándose una prueba descriptiva, seguida de comparación múltiple (P<0,05). La concentración de LH aumentó durante la lactancia hasta un valor máximo el tercer día posdestete (7,40±0,97 mU/mL), debido a la recuperación de la ciclicidad ovárica. Los niveles de FSH fueron menores durante el posparto, en comparación al preparto (6,30±1,10 mU/mL) mientras que la concentración máxima de E2 se observó al d 3 posdestete (2139,67±125,2 µg/mL), simultánea a la conducta propia del estro. En las cerdas evaluadas el perfil hormonal respondió a un coordinado y sensible balance de regulación endocrina, que permitió que ocurriera el parto, la lactancia y el reinicio precoz de la actividad ovárica, al d 3 durante el destete.
One of the indexes of productivity of the sow is the number of suckling pigs along the year and depends on the length of gestation, lactation and weaning-pregnancy interval. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of LH, FSH and 17β-estradiol during the pre-farrowing, lactation and post-weaning periods, of 15 pregnant cross-bred sows (Landrace x Large White), belonging to a farm in Yaracuy State. By punction of the jugular vein a blood sample was drawn on d 7 before the farrowing, on d 1, 7, 14 and 21 post-farrowing on d 1 and 3 post-weaning. Hormone quantification was performed using an ELISA test. The statistical analysis was made by the program SPSS version 10.0 for Windows. A descriptive test followed by multiple comparison, was applied (P<0.05). LH increased during the lactation until a maximum value on d 3 post-weaning (7.40±0.97 mU/mL). FSH levels were lower (P>0.001) during the post-farrowing period in comparison to the pre-farrowing period (6.30±1.10 mU/mL), whereas at weaning the levels increased. The maximum concentration of the E2 was observed on the third day post-weaning (2139.67±125.2 µg/mL) and it was simultaneous with the proper estrous behavior. In the cross-bred sow the hormonal profile is a fine balance of endocrine regulation that allows the farrowing, the lactation and the recovery of the cyclic activity of the ovary, during the early post-weaning period.