Benign Intraductal Papilloma without Atypia on Core Needle Biopsy Has a Low Rate of Upgrading to Malignancy after Excision / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The management of benign intraductal papilloma (IDP) without atypia diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the rate of upgrading to malignancy or high-risk lesions after excision and to identify factors associated with upgrading using a large series of benign IDP cases without atypia. METHODS: We included patients who were diagnosed as having benign IDP without atypia on CNB and underwent surgical or vacuum-assisted excision between 2010 and 2015. We analyzed the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of IDPs that were upgraded to malignancy or high-risk lesions after excision. RESULTS: A total of 511 benign IDPs without atypia diagnosed via CNB were identified, of which 398 cases were treated with excision. After reviewing these cases, four cases of high-risk lesions in adjacent tissue on CNB, two cases which were revealed as papilloma with atypia, and nine cases of malignancy in the same breast were excluded. In the remaining 383 cases, the rate of upgrading to malignancy and high-risk lesions after excision was 0.8% and 4.4%, respectively. The presence of concurrent contralateral breast cancer, the presence of symptoms, and multifocality were factors significantly associated with upgrading to malignancy on subsequent excision. Surgical excision rather than vacuum-assisted excision was significantly associated with upgrading to high-risk lesions or malignancy. CONCLUSION: The rate of upgrading to malignancy for benign IDP without atypia was very low, suggesting that close clinical and radiologic observation may be sufficient for patients with benign IDP without atypia on CNB under proper settings.

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: Evaluation of main presentations on magnetic resonance imaging compared with findings on mammogram and histology / Carcinoma ductal in situ mamário: avaliação das principais apresentações à ressonância magnética em correlação com os achados da mamografia e histologia

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the various morphologies and kinetic characteristics of the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam, to establish which are the most prevalent and to determine the effectiveness of the method in the detection of DCIS. Method: A prospective observational study, starting in May 2014. We evaluated 25 consecutive patients with suspicious or highly suspicious microcalcifications on mammography screening, BI-RADS categories 4 and 5, who underwent breast MRI and then surgery with proven diagnosis of pure DCIS. Surgery was considered the gold standard for correlation between histologic findings and radiological findings obtained on MRI. Results: The most frequent morphological characteristic of DCIS on MRI was non-mass-like enhancement (NMLE), p<0.001, observed in 22/25 (88%) patients (95CI 72.5-100). Of these, segmental distribution was the most prevalent, represented by 9/22 (40.91%) cases (95CI 17.4-64.4), p=0.306, and a clumped internal enhancement pattern was most commonly characterized in DCIS, observed in 13/22 (50.09%) cases. Conclusion: DCIS has a wide variety of imaging features on MRI and being able to recognize these lesions is crucial. Its most common morphological presentation is non-mass-like enhancement, while segmental distribution and a clumped internal enhancement pattern are the most common presentations. Faced with the combined analysis of these findings, percutaneous core needle biopsy (core biopsy) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) should be encouraged.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as várias morfologias e características cinéticas do carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) ao exame de ressonância magnética (RM) de mama, estabelecer as mais prevalentes e determinar a eficácia do método na detecção do CDIS. Método: estudo prospectivo e observacional, com início em 2011 e duração de 24 meses. Foram avaliadas 25 pacientes consecutivas que apresentaram microcalcificações suspeitas ou altamente suspeitas ao exame mamográfico de rastreamento, categorias 4 e 5 de BI-RADS, que realizaram RM mamária e, posteriormente, foram submetidas à cirurgia com resultado comprovado de CDIS puro. A cirurgia foi considerada padrão-ouro para correlação entre os resultados histológicos e os achados radiológicos obtidos à RM. Resultados: a característica morfológica do CDIS mais frequente à RM foi o realce não nodular (p<0,001), observada em 22/25 (88%) casos (IC 95% 72,5-100). Dentre estes, a distribuição segmentar foi a mais prevalente, representada por 9/22 (40,91%) casos (IC 95% 17,4-64,4), p=0,306, e o realce interno tipo clumped foi o padrão mais frequentemente caracterizado no CDIS, observado em 13/22 (50,09%) casos. Conclusão: o CDIS tem uma grande variedade de características imaginológicas à RM e é fundamental reconhecê-las. A apresentação morfológica mais comum é o realce não nodular, sendo a distribuição segmentar e o padrão interno de realce tipo clumped as apresentações mais frequentes. Diante da análise combinada desses achados, a biópsia percutânea por agulha grossa (core biopsy) ou assistida a vácuo (mamotomia) deve ser encorajada.

Frequency of the morphological criteria of prostate adenocarcinoma in 387 consecutive prostate needle biopsies: emphasis on the location and number of nucleoli / Frequência de critérios morfológicos de adenocarcinoma da próstata em 387 biópsias de agulha da próstata consecutivas: com ênfase na localização e no número de nucléolos

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of morphological criteria for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma in consecutive, prostate needle biopsies specimens with emphasis on the location and number of nucleoli. Methods: The morphological features of 387 consecutive prostate needle biopsies specimens, in 2013, were systematically examined and stratified according to the final diagnosis of benign, suspicious and malignant lesions. We also tested how well each criterion predicted the final diagnosis after the immunohistochemical evaluation for expression of the basal cell markers (p63 and high molecular weight cytokeratin) and racemase. Results: A prominent nucleoli is the most common feature of carcinoma; however it is also relatively common in benign cases. The frequencies of prominent central nucleoli in malignant, suspicious and benign cases were 99%, 89% and 27%, respectively. Marginated nucleoli (85%, 60% and 7%), double nucleoli (86%, 53% and 10%), and multiple nucleoli (47%, 14% and 2%) were less common in benign cases, with significant difference among the groups. From the 36 cases initially diagnosed as suspicious, the presence of marginated nucleoli and mitoses were associated with the final diagnosis of malignancy. Prominent central nucleoli were more associated with cases which the final diagnosis after immunohistochemistry was benign. Conclusion: The location and number of nucleoli may be valuable morphological markers to identify suspicious lesions, since these features are more specific for malignancy than nucleolar prominence. The presence of prominent nucleoli commonly leads to the initial diagnosis of suspicious lesion that, subsequently, will be resulted in benignity confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

RESUMO Introdução e objetivos: Avaliamos a sensibilidade e a especificidade de critérios morfológicos para diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma da próstata em biópsias de agulha da próstata, consecutivas, com ênfase na localização e no número de nucléolos. Métodos: A morfologia de 387 biópsias de agulha consecutivas do ano de 2013 foi sistematicamente examinada e estratificada como diagnóstico de benigno, lesão suspeita ou maligno. Também testamos como cada critério previu o diagnóstico final após avaliação imuno-histoquímica para expressão de marcadores de células basais (p63 e citoqueratina de alto peso) e racemase. Resultados: Um nucléolo proeminente foi o achado mais comum do carcinoma, mas também foi relativamente comum em casos benignos. As frequências de um nucléolo proeminente central em lesões malignas, suspeitas e benignas foi de 99%, 89% e 27%, respectivamente. Nucléolo marginado (85%, 60% e 7%), nucléolos duplos (86%, 53% e 10%) e nucléolos múltiplos (47%, 14% e 2%) foram menos comuns em casos benignos, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Dos 36 casos com diagnóstico inicial de suspeito, a presença de nucléolo marginado e mitoses foi associada ao diagnóstico final de malignidade. Um nucléolo proeminente central foi mais associado a casos cujo diagnóstico final após imuno-histoquímica foi benigno. Conclusão: A localização e o número de nucléolos pode ser um marcador morfológico valioso para identificar lesões suspeitas, uma vez que esses achados são mais específicos para malignidade do que a proeminência nucleolar. A presença de nucléolo proeminente comumente leva ao diagnóstico inicial de lesão suspeita que, posteriormente, terá a conclusão de benignidade confirmada pela imuno-histoquímica.

Absence of Residual Microcalcifications in Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Diagnosed via Stereotactic Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy: Is Surgical Excision Obviated? / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the underestimation rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) on vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB), and to examine the correlation between residual microcalcifications and the underestimation rate of ADH. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 27 women (mean age, 49.2+/-9.2 years) who underwent additional excision for ADH via VABB for microcalcifications observed by using mammography. The mammographic findings, histopathologic diagnosis of all VABB and surgical specimens, and association of malignancy with residual microcalcifications were evaluated. The underestimation rate of ADH was also calculated. RESULTS: Of the 27 women with microcalcifications, nine were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); thus, the underestimation rate was 33.3% (9/27). There was no difference in age (p=0.40) and extent of microcalcifications (p=0.10) when comparing benign and malignant cases. Six of 17 patients (35.3%) with remaining calcifications after VABB were upgraded to DCIS, and three of 10 patients (30%) with no residual calcifications after VABB were upgraded (p=1.00). CONCLUSION: The underestimation rate of ADH on VABB was 33.3%. Furthermore, 30% of patients with no remaining calcifications were upgraded to DCIS. Therefore, we conclude that all ADH cases diagnosed via VABB should be excised regardless of the presence of residual microcalcifications.

Factors affecting surgical margin positivity in invasive ductal breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery after preoperative core biopsy diagnosis / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to evaluate the factors affecting surgical margin positivity among patients with invasive ductal breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after preoperative diagnostic core biopsy. METHODS: Two hundred sixteen patients with stage I, II invasive ductal breast carcinoma who had histological diagnosis with preoperative tru-cut biopsy and underwent BCS were included in the present study. Potential factors that affect the positive surgical margin were analyzed. In univariate analysis, the comparisons of the factors affecting the surgical margin positivity were made by chi-square test. Logistic regression test was used to detect the independent factors affecting the surgical margin positivity. RESULTS: Positive axillary lymph node (odds ratio [OR], 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.01 to 22.12), lymphovascular invasion (LVI; OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.62 to 9.24), extensive intraductal component (EIC; OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.30 to 16.00), presence of spiculation (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.00 to 13.10) or presence of microcalcification in the mammography (OR, 13.7; 95% CI, 4.04 to 46.71) have been found to be the independent and adverse factors affecting surgical margin positivity. CONCLUSION: Considering decision making for the extent of the excision and for achieving negative surgical margin before BCS, positive axillary lymph node, LVI, EIC, spiculation or microcalcification in mammography are related as predictor factors for positive surgical margin.