ABSTRACT
Infants with laryngotracheal anomalies are clinically manifested as stridor or noisy breathing, choking, hoarseness, feeding difficulties, and cyanotic spells, followed by developmental and growth retardation and other health issues; in severe cases, patients may present with severe dyspnea, which is associated with high mortality. A timely diagnosis as well as appropriate strategy for laryngotracheal anomalies is still challenging for pediatric otolaryngologists. This consensus statement, evolved from expert opinion by the members of the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Professional Committee of the Pediatrician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, provides comprehensive recommendations and standardized guidance for otolaryngologists who manage infants and young children with laryngotracheal anomalies in evaluation and treatment based on symptomatology, physical and laboratory examinations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Infant , Child, Preschool , Laryngostenosis/surgery , Airway Obstruction/complications , Hoarseness/complications , Consensus , Respiratory SoundsABSTRACT
Major congenital malformations affecting the larynx and trachea are laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, subglottic hemangioma, congenital laryngeal web, laryngotracheal cleft, congenital tracheal stenoses, tracheal and bronchomalacia. The most frequent acquired diseases are stenotic lesions, mainly subglottic stenosis. In this chapter the main anomalies affecting the airway of children and adolescents are described, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis as well as defining the modern treatment options.
Las principales malformaciones congénitas que afectan la laringe y tráquea son la laringomalacia, parálisis de cuerdas vocales, hemangioma subglótico, web laríngeo, hendidura laringotraqueal, estenosis traqueal congénita, traqueo y broncomalacia. Las lesiones adquiridas que con mayor frecuencia debemos diagnosticar y tratar son las lesiones post intubación, principalmente la estenosis subglótica. En este capítulo se describen estas afecciones de la vía aérea del niño, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y preciso además de definir las alternativas modernas de tratamiento.