Establishing Cephalometric Norms For Coastal Andhra Children With Steiner’s Analysis

The purpose of this study was to establish Cephalometric norms for Coastal Andhra school going children by Steiner analysis and compare with Caucasian norms. The method involved clinical examination, collection and analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Vijayawada children (70 males and 30 females, between 12 and 14 years of age). All cephalometric landmarks were located and tracing was done according to Steiner analysis. The mean value and standard deviation of each measurement were calculated. Statistical comparison was done using Student t-test. The result of this study showed that the Vijayawada children had retrusion of mandible relative to cranial base, proclination of bothmaxillary and mandibular teeth, showed greater convexity of face, with anteriorly placed occlusal plane to cranium and less prominent chin. In conclusion,all these ethnic differences should be considered during orthodontic treatment.

Craniomaxillofacial Images Analysis of Children with Ectodermal Dysplasia / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To study the dental status,the development of jaw and the size of sella turcica of children with ectoder-mal dysplasia(ED).[Methods]Panaramic radiography and lateral cephalograms of six ED individuals(age range of 6~7 years,five males and one female)were obtained. The dental status was record. 17 measurements about the jaws and the sella turcica were mea-sured and compare them to Chinese children without ED syndrome.[Results]The mean number of missing teeth was 22.3 in perma-nent dentition and 16.2 in primary dentition;The teeth that most likely to absent were permanent lateral incisor ,maxillary first premo-lar,maxillary primary lateral incisor and mandibular primary central incisor,and all remaining teeth are in conical shape. Lateral cephalometric measurements showed that all ED subjects had lower ANS-Ptm,which suggested a short maxilla. Low Co-Po,ANB, NA-PA,N-Me,N-ANS and ANS-Me values that were found in all subjects,as well as low SNA,Y-axis,MP-FH,S-Co,and high SNB,NP-FH,NP-FH that were noted in some subjects showed counterclockwise rotation and protrusion of mandible with short-er length in ED subjects. Some subjects had low ANS-Me/N-Me × 100%and high N-ANS/N-Me × 100%,representing a short facial height. Five cases represented lower length and diameter of sella turcica;two cases showed lower depth of sella turcica ,indicating the abnormal development of sella turcica.[Conclusion]The results of this study suggest that the dentition ,jaws and sella turcica in ED children differs when compared to individuals without this syndrome.

Study on Airway Size in Class III Malocclusion by the Gender / 체질인류학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of airway between skeletal Class III malocclusion according to gender and to analyze the relationship between airway size and oral maxillofacial position. The total of 40 study subjects was sampled by judgment sampling, who were under 1 degree ANB and who wanted orthognathic surgery. They were taken with lateral cephalometric radiograph and the photos were used for final analysis. The variables were calculated using mean and standard deviation, those were analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. It was located forward than the female that was the measurements of frontal bone, maxilla, mandible, and mentum in the male. The laryngeal pharynx size of the hard and soft tissues was also longer than the female. It was not statistically significant that was the correlation between the variables and the oral pharynx size. However, the width of the laryngeal pharynx increased with male and mandibular protrusion, and it was increased with the position of the anterior of frontal bone, maxilla, and mentum. The variables affecting the airway size are the laryngeal pharynx width of the hard and soft tissue.

Proporção divina em indivíduos oclusões classes I, II e III esqueléticas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais / Proporción divina en pacientes con oclusión clases I, II y III esqueléticas en radiografías cefalométricas laterales / Divine proportion in patients with skeletal occlusion classes I, II and III on lateral cephalometric radiographs

Introdução: o conceito inicial de beleza remete a um conjunto que engloba harmonia e equilíbrio das proporções faciais estabelecidas pelas estruturas esqueléticas, dentárias e de tecidos moles. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisara proporção divina em radiografias cefalométricas laterais de 93 indivíduos brasileiros adultos, acima de 18 anos, de ambos os gêneros, com classes I, II e III esqueléticas, não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico, por meio do software de cefalometria Aurea Ceph. Métodos: para análise estatística, foi aplicada a análise de variância ANOVA, teste Tukey e T de Studentem nível de significância de 5 porcento. Resultados: das sete razões estudadas, quando se avaliou as classes, evidenciou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a relação (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) nas classes I e III eas relações (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16) nas classes II e III. Quando se comparou as razões nas diferentes classes em relação ao número áureo (1 618) houve diferença estatisticamente significante na classe I para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB); na classe II para as razões (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16); e na classe III para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB). Conclusões: de acordo com a metodologia empregada e os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que das sete razões analisadas, a classe I apresentou três razões divinas, a classe II duas e a classe III quatro. O grupo classe II apresentou razões divinas com componente dentário e medidas verticais, sugerindo que a magnitude do erro sagital é importante no conceito da estética facial(AU)

Introducción: el concepto inicial de la belleza se refiere a un conjunto con la armonía y el equilibrio de las proporciones faciales establecidos por el tejido óseo, dental y suave. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la divina proporción en las radiografías cefalométricas de 93 individuos brasileños adultos, de 18 años, de uno y otro géneros, con las clases I, II y III del esqueleto, y no sometidos a un tratamiento de ortodoncia por medio de software de cefalometría Áurea Ceph". Métodos: el análisis estadístico se aplicó al análisis de varianza ANOVA, prueba de Tukey y prueba t de Student. El nivel de significación fue de 5 por ciento. Resultados: de los siete ratios estudiados, hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las proporciones al comparar las clases en (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) clases I y III y (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) clases II y III. Cuando se comparó con las proporciones en las diferentes clases en relación con el número de oro (1 618), hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la clase I para las (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, razones V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB), y en clase II de (A-Pog/V1-C1MS razones, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) y clase III para los (N-Ena/V1S-DM16 razones, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB). Conclusiones: de acuerdo con la metodología utilizada y los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que en siete de las razones expuestas, la clase que tenía tres razones áureas se observó en dos y cuatro, clase II a clase III. El grupo de clase II fueron razones áureas con componente dental y horizontal, lo que sugiere que la magnitud del error es importante en el concepto de estética facial sagital. El grupo de clase II fueron razones áureas con componente dental y medidas verticales, y también sugiere que la magnitud del error es importante en el concepto de estética facial sagital(AU)

Introduction: the original concept of beauty refers to a set of harmony and balance features determined by bone, dental and soft tissue. Objective: the purpose of this study was to analyze divine proportion as reflected on cephalometric radiographs of 93 Brazilian subjects of both sexes aged 18 with skeletal classes I, II and III, not undergoing orthodontic treatment. The analysis was based on cephalometric software Aurea Ceph. Methods: statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA, Tukey's test and Student's t test. The significance level was 5 percent. Results: the seven ratios studied showed a statistically significant difference between proportions when comparing (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) classes I and III, and (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) classes II and III. When proportions in the different classes were compared with the golden number (1 618), a statistically significant difference was found in class I for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB), in class II for (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) and in class III for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB). Conclusions: based on the methodology used and the results obtained, it was concluded that in seven of the ratios presented, the class with three golden ratios was found in two and four, class II to class III. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental and horizontal component, suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental component and vertical measurements, also suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics(AU)

Comparison of palatal bone thickness between 3D model and lateral cephalometric radiograph / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the bone thickness of the palate between lateral cephalogram and 3D model measurements. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 30 adults (15 men,15 women) with a normal skeletal pattern and occlusion. The CT images were transformed to a 3D model, and were compared with the cephalometric image. Descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated. RESULTS: In the 3D CT model, the mid-palatal area was the thickest part. It became thinner as the palate tapered laterally. In the male group, the thinnest portion was positioned 6 mm away from the mid-palate, while in the female group the thinnest portion was 8mm away from the mid-palate. Correlation analysis between the lateral cephalometric and 3D CT model revealed a significant correlation except in the mid palatal area and the area 2 mm lateral to the mid-palate in men, whereas there was a significant relationship in every area in the women. In both men and women, the highest correlation appeared in the area 8 mm lateral to the mid palate. CONCLUSIONS: Using regression analysis, an actual prediction of the bone thickness between the measured bone thickness of the lateral cephalometric radiograph and 3D model was made. This will provide useful information for mini-implant length selection when inserting into the palate.

The relationship between nasopharyngeal tonsil size and laboratory markers in children infected with HIV / Relação entre tamanho da tonsila faríngea e marcadores laboratoriais em crianças infectadas por HIV

Purpose: The enlargement of nasopharyngeal tonsils, which leads to nasal obstruction and subsequent mouth breathing, can be caused by the presence of HIV. The aim of this research was to study nasopharyngeal tonsil sizes in HIV-infected children ranging from 6 to 13 years and to relate these findings to CD4+ T-cell counts and viral loads. Methods: Sixty children with HIV (mean age: 9 years and 8 months), infected by vertical transmission, had the sizes of their nasopharynx measured using lateral cephalometric radiographs, specifically focusing on the anatomical areas occupied by the nasopharyngeal tonsils. The children’s medical records were analyzed to assess information about TCD4+ lymphocyte count (%) and viral loads (log10). Results: The mean value for the nasopharyngeal tonsil size percentage was 70.37%±14.07%.All of the children showed moderate or accentuated hypertrophy of nasopharyngeal tonsils. The average percentage of CD4+ T-cells among the 60 HIV-infected children was 35.01%±10.76%, whereas the mean value for the viral load was 3.35±1.08 log10. Conclusion: There was no association between the size percentages of the nasopharyngeal tonsils (calculated against overall nasopharynx sizes) and CD4+ T-cell percentage (r=-0.0136; P=0.298) or the viral load log10 (r=-0.033; P=0.805).

Objetivo: A presença do HIV na tonsila faríngea pode causar seu aumento de volume, ocasionando obstrução nasal e, consequentemente, respiração bucal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tamanho da tonsila faríngea em crianças infectadas pelo HIV por transmissão vertical, de 6 a 13 anos de idade, relacionando-a com a contagem de células T-CD4+ e carga viral (log10).Metodologia: Sessenta crianças HIV positivo (idade média: 9 anos e 8 meses), infectadas por transmissão vertical, tiveram o tamanho da tonsila faríngea mensurado na radiografia cefalométrica lateral da face. Os prontuários das crianças foram analisados para buscar os dados de contagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ (%) e carga viral (log10). Resultados: A média do tamanho da tonsila faríngea foi de 70,37%±14,07%. As crianças apresentaram hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea considerada moderada ou acentuada. A porcentagem média de linfócitos T-CD4+ nas 60 crianças foi de 35,01%±10,76% e a média da carga viral foi de 3,35±1,08 log10. Conclusão: Não foi comprovada relação entre o tamanho da tonsila faríngea com a porcentagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ (r=-0,0136; P=0,298) e com a carga viral (r=-0,033; P=0,805).

Comparison of measurements from digital cephalometric radiographs and 3D MDCT-synthetized cephalometric radiographs and the effect of head position / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate the reproducibilities and compare the measurements in digital and MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph, and to investigate the effect of head position on the measurement during imaging with MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two dry skulls (combined with mandible) were used in this study. Conventional digital cephalometric radiograph was taken in standard position, and MDCT was taken in standard position and two rotated position (10degrees left rotation and 10degrees right tilting). MDCT data were imported in OnDemand(R) and lateral cephalometric radiograph were synthesized from 3D virtual models. Two types of rotated MDCT data were synthesized with default mode and with corrected mode using both ear rods. For all six images, sixteen angular and eleven linear measurements were made in V-Ceph(R) three times. Reproducibility of measurements was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA and ICC. Linear and angular measurements were compared between digital and five MDCTsynthesized images by Student t-test. RESULTS: All measurements in six types of cephalometric radiograph were not statistically different under ICC examination. Measurements were not different between digital and MDCT-synthesized images (P>.05). Measurements in MDCT-synthesized image in 10degrees left rotation or 10degrees right tilting position showed possibility of difference from digital image in some measurements, and possibility of improvement via realignment of head position using both ear rods. CONCLUSION: MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph can substitute conventional cephalometric radiograph. The error on head position during imaging with MDCT have possibility that can produce measurement errors with MDCT-synthesized image, and these position error can be corrected by realignment of the head position using both ear rods.

Structural changes of upper airway in the patients with Angle Ⅱ~1 malocclusion treated by orthodontic appliance / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the structural changes of upper airway i n the patients with Angle Ⅱ 1 malocclusion treated by orthodontic appliance. Methods:12 patients with Angle Ⅱ 1 malocclusion caused by mout h breathing were treated by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) of splint and Tip-E dge technology, the structure of upper airway was measured before and after trea tment,the data were analyzed. Results:After treatment PNS-Ba,SP P-SPPW,P-T,TB-TPPW,V-LPW,UC-LC and H-C3(hor) increased(P

A study of the software on scheduling, diagnosis, growth and treatment analysis / 대한치과교정학회지

It is prerequisite of orthodontists to diagnose malocclusion correctly and make treatment plans accurately for treating maloccluded patients efficiently and earning more stable and better results. Recently computers were introduced in orthodontic diagnosis steps, which enabled orthodontists to get more precise diagnosis, to make more accurate treatment planning and to provide better orthodontic cares for more patients. The authors studied on the diagnostic analysis methods which have been used frequently in Korea and made a diagnostic computer program including the horizontal and/or vertical measurement of length, degrees and proportions in lateral cephalometric radiographs, the analysis of the skeletal and soft-tissue features and the evaluation of the treatment results. We also made a scheduling program for arrangement and management of patients. 40 skeletal and 24 soft-tissue landmarks were selected in a lateral cephalometric radiographs. The available analysis methods in this program are Angular analysis, Linear analysis, Ricketts analysis, Profilogram , Steiner analysis, Tweed analysis, MacNamara analysis, Open bite analysis, Kim's diagnosis, Skeleto-dental cephalometric analysis and Height & weight analysis. We suggested that this diagnostic computer program make it possible for orthodontists to get more rapid and accurate diagnostic analysis and treatment planning and for patient to earn better and more efficient orthodontic service.