Investigation on peripheral retinal degeneration in civil aviation pilots recruitment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the prevalence on peripheral retinal degeneration and to provide theoretical support for the medical examination of civil aviation pilots recruitment. <p>METHODS: Two thousand four hundred and fifty prospective flight students(Four thousand nine hundred eyes)who received medical examination in Civil Aviation General Hospital from February 2018 to May 2019 were divided into three groups according to diopter after fully mydriatic with tropicamide phenylephrine eye drops(Group A: +3.00 to <-0.50D, Group B: -0.50 to <-3.00D, Group C: -3.00 to -4.50D). The prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in each eye was examined, and the results were statistically analyzed. <p>RESULTS:There were five hundred and seventy five students with different types of peripheral retinal degeneration in 2 450 checked students, the prevalence was 23.5%. There was statistical difference in the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in different diopter groups(χ2=65.386, <i>P</i><0.01). There was statistical difference in the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal degeneration(χ2=351.276, <i>P</i><0.01). There was statistical difference in the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in different parts(χ2=563.712, <i>P</i><0.01). <p>CONCLUSION: Peripheral retinal degeneration is not rare in civil aviation recruitment. The prevalence increases with the progression of myopia, and the lesions are mostly in bitamporal quadrant. It is suggested to identify according to different types.

Risk Factors for Retinal Breaks in Patients with Symptom of Floaters

PURPOSE: To identify the risk factors of retinal breaks in patients with symptoms of floaters and to determine the associations between those risk factors and retinal breaks. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients who visited with the symptom of vitreous floaters between July 2012 and October 2012 was performed. Patient information, such as age, sex, symptoms (e.g., multiple floaters and flashing), duration of symptoms, refractive error, and complete eye examination were recorded. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the control group had symptoms of floaters with no retinal breaks and the retinal breaks group had symptoms of floaters with retinal breaks. The chi-square test and univariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1744 eyes were examined in this study, including 1706 eyes in the control group and 38 eyes in the retinal breaks group. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with high myopia and multiple floaters showed increased risk of retinal breaks by 3.4 and 4.4 times, respectively, when compared to patients with a single floater alone. Lattice degeneration and vitreous or retinal hemorrhage increased the risk of retinal breaks by 10.8 and 37.5 times when compared to eyes that did not have lattice degeneration or vitreous or retinal hemorrhage. During the follow-up period after laser photocoagulation, a new retinal tear was found in 2 patients (2/38, 5.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous or retinal hemorrhage, lattice degeneration, multiple floaters, and high myopia are risk factors of retinal breaks in patients with the symptom of floaters. Therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of these risk factors and the patients at risk should be encouraged to attend follow-up examinations.

In vivo sectional imaging of the retinal periphery using conventional optical coherence tomography systems.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed macular disease practices. This report describes the use of conventional OCT systems for peripheral retinal imaging. Thirty-six eyes with peripheral retinal pathology underwent imaging with conventional OCT systems. In vivo sectional imaging of lattice degeneration, snail-track degeneration, and paving-stone degeneration was performed. Differences were noted between phenotypes of lattice degeneration. Several findings previously unreported in histopathology studies were encountered. Certain anatomic features were seen that could conceivably explain clinical and intraoperative behavior of peripheral lesions. Peripheral OCT imaging helped elucidate clinically ambiguous situations such as retinal breaks, subclinical retinal detachment, retinoschisis, choroidal nevus, and metastasis. Limitations of such scanning included end-gaze nystagmus and far peripheral lesions. This first of its kind study demonstrates the feasibility of peripheral retinal OCT imaging and expands the spectrum of indications for which OCT scanning may be clinically useful.

Clinical Characteristics of Simultaneous Bilateral Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments

PURPOSE: To analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics and postoperative prognosis of simultaneous bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SRD). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 22 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, for treatment of SRD and who had been in regular surveillance for at least 6 months. RESULTS: The incidence of SRD was 22 patients among 792 (2.8%). Eleven were male and 11 were female, and the average age was 27.6 years. Eighteen patients (81.8%) complained of visual disturbance and visual field defect of one eye, and myopia of more than -4.00D was noted in 30 eyes (68.2%). The size of the detached area was 2 quadrants in 19 eyes (43.2%). The most common type of retinal break was atrophic hole with lattice degeneration. The most common location of the break was the inferotemporal quadrant. The anatomical success rate of primary operation was 91.9% (34 of 37 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was associated with young age, and myopia. As for the retinal break, the most common type was atrophic hole with lattice degeneration, and the most common location was the inferotemporal quadrant.

Degeneración lattice / Lattice degeneration

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de degeneración periférica de retina Lattice y su relación con estados refractivos y rupturas retinales.Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal con exploración de asociación, mediante análisis de casos y controles. Se examinaron 680 ojos en el Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas e Instituto de Córnea. El estado refractivo se determinó mediante técnica estática y el estado retinal mediante oftalmoscopia indirecta con indentación escleral.Resultados: La prevalencia de degeneración periférica de retina Lattice fue de 5.1 por ciento. Conclusión: La degeneración Lattice se asocia con miopía y rupturas retinales.

Objetive: To determinate lattice retinal peripheral degeneration prevalence and relationship with refractive state and retinal breaks.Methodology: Is an study of transversal corte with exploration of association by means Of analysis of cases and controls. Was examinated 680 eyes in the Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas of the Universidad de La Salle and Instituto de Córnea. The refractive state was determinated by static technique and the retinal state by means of indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral indentation.Results: Prevalence of Lattice retinal peripheral degeneration was of 5.1 percent. Conclusions: Lattice degeneration is associated with myopia and retinal breaks.

Histological Changes of the Vitreous and Retina in Retinal Lattice Degeneration

PURPOSE: To investigate of the histological characteristics of the lattice degeneration of the human peripheral retina. METHODS: The histological characteristics of the lattice degeneration of the retina was checked by flat preparation and serial section of the lattice lesion in three eyes was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Flat preparation showed lattice lesion with a hole at the lateral margin with overlying sclerotic vessel and pigment clumping within the lesion. The ultrastructural initial findings showed that the collagen filament in the vitreous cavity was continuous with Muller fiber of the retina with the defect of the inner retina. The full-thikness defect of the sensory retina leaded to the retinal hole. The vascular wall was replaced and occluded by fine fibrillar collagen. The glial cell proliferated into the neural tissue of the sensory retina. These glial cells may secrete long spacing collagen (LSC) and curvilinear material shown at the area of the sensory retinal defect and near the vitreoretinal interface. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the thinning of the retina occurs from the inner retina leading to retinal hole as the lattice degeneration progresses. LSC and curvilinear material are suggestive of derivatives derived from the extracellular material secreted from the glial cell.

P revalence of Lattice Degeneration and Its Relation to Axial Length

We studied the relationship between the prevalence of lattice degeneration and the axial length in patients with myopia who had undergone photorefractive keratectomy(PRK). 355 eyes of 186 myopic patients with axial length of 22.99mm~30.67mm were evaluated by using A-scan axial length measurements and fundus examination. The myopic patients with posterior staphyloma did not undergo PRK.Eyes were classified into three groups on the basis of axial length:mild(28mm)axial myopia.The prevalence of lattice degeneration was then studied according to axial length group. The highest prevalence of lattice degeneration(13 of 35 eyes, 37.1%)was found among eyes of axial length 28 mmor greater;the lowest prevalence of lattice degeneration(10 of 174 eyes, 5.7%)was found among eyes of axial length under 26 mm. We could find statistically significant association between the prevalence of lattice degeneration and axial length(X2 27.356 P-value<0.005). Unless the axial myopia is related to posterior staphyloma, this may explain the observation that lattice degeneration has been noted more commonly among patients with severe than mild or moderate axial myopia. As lattice degeneration is recognized as a frequent cause of retinal detachment, we recommend peripheral fundus examination be done carefully before PRK or LASIK.

The Clinical Aspect of Breaks Responsible for Retinal Derachment Associated with Lattice Degeneration

This study was undertaken to evaluate the retinal detachment related to lattice egeneration. We reviewed 54 eyes of 54 patients who had undergone retinal reattachment procedure from May 1992 to May 1995 at Yeungnam university hospital. Forty cases (74%) were due to atrophic holes in the lattice degeneration and 14 cases (26%) were due to tears at the lateral or posterior margin of lattice degeneration. Among 40 patients with atrophic hole, 25 patients (62.5%) were under 30-year-old and 26 patients (70.2%) were myopic over -3.0D. Among 14 patients with marginal tear, 9 patients (64.2%) were over 50-year-old and 8 patients had a refractive error of under -3.0D. Lattice degenerations were located most frequently in the temporal quadrants (46 cases, 85%). Retinal detachment related to lattice degeneration occurred in 30 eyes (56%) at superior retina, 20 eyes (37%) at inferior retina, 4 eyes (7%) at total retina, and had a much less serious prognosis in cases of atrophic hole compared with tear due to macula was less frequently involved in atrophic hole.

A Clinical Study on the Fellow Eyes in Unilateral Retinal Detahment

The vitreous and fundus changes in the fellow eyes of 121 patients with unilateral retinal detachment were evaluated ophthalmoscopically. Fourteen cases with traumatic retinald etachment were included in this study. We studied the relationship between the posterior vitreous detachment, lattice degeneration, retinal holes, myopia and retinal detachment to be of any help in prevention of progression of retinal detachment. Retinal breaks were found in 11.6% and lattice degeneration in 21.5% of fellow eyes. The frequency of retinal breaks and lattice degeneration in fellow eyes were greater than that of retinal breaks and lattice degeneration in normal eyes. Retinal breaks and lattice degeneration were found most frequently in the superior temporal quadrant followed by the inferior temporal quadrant. Posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was found in 33.9% of fellow eyes. Of the 41 eyes with PVD, 22 eyes had retinal breaks and lattice degeneration and 19 eyes had no retinal breaks and lattice degeneration. The proportion of myopia was 54.5% and that of high myopia over -8.0D was 16.5%. The proportion of myopia and high myopia were higher in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral retinal detachment than in general population. In myopic eyes, the incidence of retinal holes, lattice degeneration, and PVD were greater than that of retinal tear.