ABSTRACT
Las radiografías dentales son necesarias para diagnosticar y hacer seguimiento de múltiples enfermedades orales. Sin embargo, debido a los conocidos efectos estocásticos de los rayos X dentales es imprescindible garantizar protección a los pacientes. Especial atención merecen las mujeres embarazadas por cuanto el feto es altamente vulnerable a la radiación, sobre todo enlas primeras semanas. Algunas recomendaciones de protección radiológica en esta población son: El uso de radiografías ha sido justificado; realizar el estudio 10 días después del inicio de la menstruación; informar del procedimiento a la embarazada a fin de evitar el miedo; optimizar el procedimiento (haz colimado, alto kVp, control manual de disparo, calibración regular etc.) y usar delantal plomado solo si las condiciones de optimización son insuficientes
Dental x-rays are necessary to diagnose and monitor multiple oral diseases. However, due to the well-known stochastic effects of dental X-rays, it is essential to guarantee patient protection. Pregnant women deserve special attention because the fetus is highly vulnerable to radiation, especially in the first weeks. Some recommendations for radiological protection in this population are the use of radiographs has been justified; conduct the study 10 days after the onset of menstruation; inform the pregnant woman about the procedure to avoid fear; optimize the procedure (collimated beam, high kVp, manual trip control, regular calibration etc.) and use a lead apron only if the optimization conditions are insufficient.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To monitor the protecting effect of lead apron of accelerator staff against radiation in treatment room (dose and damage of residual radiation). Methods: In the protection experiment about lead apron, thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) was applied to monitor the dose corresponding various point of inside and outside of lead apron. Under the same condition of radiation, the first test aimed at un-metal dressing (the work pants without metal zipper and metal button) and the second test aimed at jeans (those with one metal zipper and one metal button). At front of the apron, there were 3 points (Left, Middle and Right) of inside and outside were monitored, respectively. And at behind, the body without shelter from apron were tested at 3 points of wearing, and then the average effective dosage were calculated. Results: ①The averagely effective dosage of inside of lead apron was significantly higher than that of outside at the first test (t=0.0002, P<0.01). And the average effective dosage of inside of lead apron was still significantly higher than that of outside at the second test (t=0.0158, P<0.05).②The averagely effective dosage of various points behind body of second test was significantly higher than that of the first test (t=0.0005, P<0.01). ③The differences of averagely effective dosages of inside and outside of lead apron between the second test and the first test were no significantly (t=0.0991, t=0.0537, P>0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Only using lead apron can't achieve prospective protection effect and it even can increase the radiation dosage for accelerator staffs, especially for woman of childbearing age. Hospital should strictly implement relevant stipulations of ICRP, IBSS and CBSS and staff should not wear any accessory with metal material. Besides, the relevant method that can reduce radiation dosage and protect health should be written in operation instruction or guidelines.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and understand the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in nurses and radiological technologists wearing a lead apron for radiation protection. METHOD: The study subjects were 192 nurses and radiological technologists who work at the cardiac catheterization room or angioroom in the department of radiology. A self-recording questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics, occupational characteristics, characteristics related to wearing a lead apron, and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). RESULTS: Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms by NOISH were 51.0% in the upper /lower back, 49.0% in the shoulder, and 47.9% in the leg/knee/ankle. From multiple logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the shoulder were influenced by two-piece type apron and long time wearing an apron, symptoms of upper/lower back by long time wearing an apron, sex, higher average working hours per a day and short resting time, symptoms of leg/knee/ankle by long time wearing an apron, working career at the present department (cardiac catheterization room or angioroom) and short resting time. CONCLUSION: The complaint rates of the musculoskeletal symptoms were affected by the characteristics of wearing a lead apron for radiation protection such as wearing time and apron type. Therefore, it is suggested that the workers who are wearing an apron need the proper wearingtime and resting time, and suitable apron type and size for the body.