Liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres y expresiones de la incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá

Los liderazgos comunitarios son expresiones de incidencia política en sí misma. Este artículo propone reconocer los liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres de la Red Juntas Somos Más, sus logros y expresiones de incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá. Adoptamos un enfoque cualitativo y paradigma socio-crítico, que permite develar las estructuras del orden social sobre las que se ponen en riesgo las garantías de los derechos. Se realizaron entrevistas, grupos focales y talleres. En los principales hallazgos tenemos la caracterización de las mujeres lideresas de la Red, las expresiones sobre incidencia política, la relación contradictoria con el Estado, la reivindicación por lo cotidiano y la búsqueda por lo común.

Community leadership is an expression of advocacy in itself. This article proposes to recognize women's community leadership of the Juntas Somos Más Network, their achievements, and expressions of advocacy in the Urabá subregion. A qualitative approach and socio-critical paradigm was adopted, which allows us to unveil the structures of the social order on which the guarantees of rights are put at risk. Interviews, focus groups and workshops were conducted. The main findings include the characterization of the women leaders of the Network, the expressions on advocacy, the contradictory relationship with the State, the vindication for the daily life, and the search for the common.

A Liderança Fundamentalista: Uma Abordagem a partir de Freud / Fundamentalist Leadership: An Approach from Freud / Liderazgo Fundamentalista: Un Abordaje desde Freud

Trabalhado a partir de revisão de literatura, este artigo visa a uma abordagem do fundamentalismo religioso sob a perspectiva da teoria freudiana. Justifica-se abordar esse fenômeno complexo e, atualmente, alardeador sob diversas perspectivas epistemológicas - dentre as quais, a psicanalítica -, objetivando uma compreensão interdisciplinar. A psicanálise, desde seus inícios, manifestou interesse pelo fenômeno religioso, que se tornou tema recorrente ao longo da obra de Freud. Diante da expressividade do atual fundamentalismo religioso na sociedade pós-moderna, faz-se oportuno buscar, no pensamento freudiano, aportes teóricos que possam contribuir para pensar esse fenômeno. A pesquisa desenvolvida busca destacar uma característica relevante nos segmentos religiosos fundamentalistas: o poderio dos líderes que, como a figura do grande homem abordado por Freud, são capazes de atrair, influenciar e mobilizar as massas, levando-as, inclusive, a posturas de intolerância e ataque contra a diversidade que constitui a sociedade. Conclui-se que o fundamentalismo religioso tende a persistir e suas variadas ressurgências demonstram como a religião não é imune a portar, em si, um potencial para o desencadeamento da pulsão agressiva e destrutiva inerente a todos os seres humanos e a suas diversas formas de associarem.

Based on a literature review, this article aims to approach religious fundamentalism from the perspective of Freudian theory. It is justified to approach this complex and currently boasting phenomenon from different epistemological perspectives - among which, the psychoanalytic one -, aiming at an interdisciplinary understanding. Psychoanalysis, from its beginnings, showed an interest in the religious phenomenon, which became a recurring theme throughout Freud's work. Given the expressiveness of current religious fundamentalism in postmodern society, it is opportune to seek, in Freudian thought, theoretical contributions that can help thinking about this phenomenon. The research developed seeks to highlight a relevant characteristic in fundamentalist religious segments: the power of leaders who, like the figure of the great man approached by Freud, are capable of attracting, influencing and mobilizing the masses, even leading them to postures of intolerance and attack against the diversity that constitutes society. It is concluded that religious fundamentalism tends to persist and its various resurgences demonstrate how religion is not immune to carrying, in itself, a potential for triggering the aggressive and destructive drive inherent to all human beings and to their various ways of associating.

A partir de una revisión de la literatura, este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar el fundamentalismo religioso desde la perspectiva de la teoría freudiana. Se justifica abordar este fenómeno complejo y, actualmente, prestigiado desde diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas -entre las cuales, la psicoanalítica-, visando una comprensión interdisciplinar. El psicoanálisis, desde sus inicios, mostró un interés por el fenómeno religioso, que se convirtió en un tema recurrente a lo largo de la obra de Freud. Dada la expresividad del fundamentalismo religioso actual en la sociedad posmoderna, es oportuno buscar en el pensamiento freudiano aportes teóricos que puedan contribuir a pensar este fenómeno. La investigación desarrollada busca resaltar una característica relevante en los segmentos religiosos fundamentalistas: el poder de los líderes que, como la figura del gran hombre abordada por Freud, son capaces de atraer, influir y movilizar a las masas, incluso llevándolas a posturas de intolerancia y atentado contra la diversidad que constituye la sociedad. Se concluye que el fundamentalismo religioso tiende a persistir y sus diversos resurgimientos demuestran cómo la religión no es inmune a portar, en sí misma, un potencial para desencadenar la pulsión agresiva y destructiva inherente a todo ser humano y a sus diversas formas de asociación.

Anti-cisplatin-induced Renal-injury Effect of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase with Leader Peptide / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effect of the fusion of leader peptide on the structure of human manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and anti-cisplatin (DDP)-induced renal injury. Methods The effect of mitochondrion targeting sequence (MTS) on the structure and activity of SOD2 was analyzed by structure prediction and superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific-activity determination. The DDP injury model of Kunming (KM) mice was established, and amifostine (AMFT) was set as a positive control. Indicators such as kidney index, renal function, kidney antioxidant capacity, and appearance and pathology changes of mice kidney were used to evaluate the effect of MTS-SOD2 against DDP-induced kidney injury. Results The MTS leader peptide seemed to change the secondary and tertiary structures of SOD2 to some extent, but it also increased the specific activity of the MTS-SOD2 protein. Pre-administration of a medium dose of MTS-SOD2 (0.84 mg/kg) before the use of DDP significantly reduced the level of renal malondialdehyde and increased the SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the kidney, thereby reducing the renal pathological damage and consequently maintaining renal function. The overall protective effect of MTS-SOD2 was comparable to or even better than that of 200 mg/kg AMFT. Conclusion The MTS leader peptide enhances the activity of SOD2 and confers it with an excellent anti-DDP-induced renal-injury effect because of its transmembrane function.

O surgimento de líderes autoritários: significados das posições direita-esquerda e sentimento de anomia / The emergence of authoritarian leaders: meanings of right-left positions and sense of anomie / El surgimiento de líderes autoritarios: significados de las posiciones derecha-izquierda y sentimiento de anomia

Analisa-se, em dois estudos, a relação entre o sentimento de anomia, os significados das posições políticas e o desejo por líderes autoritários. No estudo 1 (n = 230; idade média = 20,99; 50,9% de sexo masculino), os resultados indicaram que o voto em Jair Bolsonaro se correlacionou com o desejo por um líder autoritário, menor anomia política e um posicionamento mais à Direita no espectro político. No estudo 2 (n = 181; idade média = 29,1; 59,1% de sexo masculino), verificamos que a Direita é significada como "liberalismo-conservador"; enquanto a Esquerda foi associada ao "Comunismo/Socialismo", pelos de Direita e Centro, ou à defesa das minorias, pelos demais. Concluímos sugerindo a necessidade de maior atenção, científica e política, ao surgimento de populismos constitucionais e à existência de semelhança semântica nas visões dos participantes de Direita, Centro e dos sem posição política em relação à Esquerda.

We analyzed the relationship between the sense of anomie, the meanings of political positions and the desire for authoritarian leaders in two studies. In study 1 (n = 230; mean age = 20.99; 50.9% male), the results indicated that voting for Jair Bolsonaro was correlated with a desire for an authoritarian leader, less political anomie and a position further to the Right on the political spectrum. In study 2 (n = 181; mean age = 29.1; 59.1% male), we found that the Right is meant as "conservative-liberalism"; while the Left was associated with "Communism/Socialism", by the Right and Center participants, or with the defense of minorities, by the others. We conclude suggesting the need for greater scientific and political attention to the emergence of constitutional populisms and the existence of semantic similarity in the views of participant from the Right, Center and those without a political position in relation to the Left.

Analizamos, en dos estudios, la relación entre la anomia, los significados de las posiciones políticas y el deseo de un líder autoritario. En el estudio 1 (n = 230; media de edad = 20,99; 50,9% masculino), el voto por Jair Bolsonaro se correlacionó con el deseo de un líder autoritario, menos anomia política y un posicionamiento de derecha en el espacio político. En el estudio 2 (n = 181; media de edad = 29,1; 59,1% hombres), encontramos que la Derecha es entendida como "liberal-conservador"; mientras que la Izquierda se asoció con el "comunismo/socialismo", por los participantes de la Derecha y del Centro, o la defensa de las minorías, por los demás. Concluimos sugiriendo la necesidad de una mayor atención científica y política a la aparición de populismos constitucionales y la existencia de similitudes semánticas en los puntos de vista de los de Derecha, Centro y sin posición política en relación con la Izquierda.

Nuevas modalidades de interacción entre la industria farmacéutica y los médicos / New interaction modalities between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians

Resumen Debido a las restricciones sanitarias secundarias a la pandemia de COVID-19, diversas interacciones entre la industria farmacéutica y los médicos cambiaron. Una de ellas ha sido el método promocional de medicamentos a través de reuniones académicas en torno a padecimientos de interés financiero. Una modalidad reciente ha sido la promoción unilateral de un fármaco determinado por parte de la industria farmacéutica por medio de eventos académicos con la invitación de aparentes "expertos". Estas reuniones frecuentemente están sesgadas no hacia la atención óptima de un padecimiento, sino a la promoción comercial de un medicamento específico que pudiera o no ser la mejor opción o sin la consideración de alternativas terapéuticas asociadas. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria, de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México, analiza esta nueva circunstancia y propone algunas consideraciones a la comunidad médica.

Abstract Due to sanitary restrictions secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, various interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians have changed. One of them has been the method for promoting medicinal products through academic meetings around diseases of financial interest. A recent modality has been unilateral promotion by the pharmaceutical industry through academic events with the invitation of so-called "experts" for the promotion of a specific drug; these meetings are often biased not towards optimal care of a disease, but rather towards commercial promotion of a specific drug, which may or may not be the best option, without considering associated therapeutic alternatives. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship, of the National Academy of Medicine, analyzes this new circumstance and proposes some considerations to the medical community.

Development of the Role of the Clinical Nurse Leader in Central Hospitals, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR / Lao Medical Journal

Background@#A key success to achieve the highest potential in the nursing profession is the clinical nurse leaders (CNL) who are likely to have key roles for improving quality of patient care, but nothing published about this topic in the Lao PDR.@*Objective@#To evaluate the duties, leadership roles and to develop nursing technical leadership roles in central hospitals, Vientiane Capital.@*Methodology@#The study is action research conducted between 12/2019 - 6/2020, with 3 phases (1) preparation phase, (2) implementation-1 phase, and (3) implementation-2 phase (development of CNL roles.@*Results@#One hundred and eleven clinical nurse leaders from five central hospitals in Vientiane Capital participated in the study of which 92% were female; aged between 30-39 years (50%), and most of them worked in the Internal Medicine departments and their working experience ranged from 10-19 years (40.5%). About thirty-nine percent of the participants were mid-level nurses. The overall performance score for CNL roles was moderate with a mean of 3.2/5. The performance score was significantly different between levels of education of the nurses (for example between those who were auxiliary nurses and those who held the bachelor degree by training) with p-value <0.05. @*Conclusion@#The role of clinical nurse leaders in central hospitals evaluated systematically, traditionally and as routine work was not really satisfactory. The overall CNL performance was moderate and there remain some roles that need to be promoted particularly the research role.

Medical Affairs/Medical Science Liaison: Organizational Structure and Medical Contributions / 医薬品情報学

Objective: To identify the organizational structure and medical contributions of Medical Affairs/Medical Science Liaison (MA/MSL) and its impact on the spread of the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection.Method: We conducted a web-based survey for 45 pharmaceutical companies based in Japan. The outcome of 43 questions related to organizational structure, business activities, key performance indicators (KPI), and indicators of medical contribution were analyzed and compared.Results: Responses were received from 43 pharmaceutical companies (95.6%; 26 Japanese and 17 foreign). The total number of MSLs exceeded 1,000 with an average of 30.1 MSLs/company. MSLs supervised an average of 21.8/MSL Key Opinion Leaders/Key Thought Leaders (KOLs/KTLs). There were eight MSL organizations per company on average, and Phase II/III had the most number of MSL organizations. Further, 22 companies (56.4%) had MSL organizations in the oncology area. All the companies were independent from departments mainly engaged in "sales and promotion activities," and the most common KPI was “collection insight from KOL/KTL.” Despite having medical qualifications and highly specialized degrees, training was provided continuously to improve expertise. Based on the life cycle of products, Japanese companies are promoting evidence generation and medical events with KOL/KTL supported by internal and external insights and foreign companies are promoting medical-education activities. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of “in person” activities have significantly decreased and that of "online" activities have increased considerably, and this trend might continue even after the end of the pandemic.Conclusion: The organizational structure and medical contribution of MA/MSL are partially different between Japanese and foreign companies. MSL continued to increase; however, the organization and activities were affected by the product.

Contributions of the Medical Affairs Department to Healthcare Professionals and the Effects of the New Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on the Contributions / 医薬品情報学

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the opinions of healthcare professional regarding the contributions of the Medical Affairs department. Furthermore, we aimed to identify factors influencing and reasons for the contributions in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation.Design/Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among healthcare professionals (Key Opinion Leader/Key Thought Leader, KOL/KTL) who had multiple contacts with the Medical Affairs department, Japan.Results: The responses of 141 KOL/KTLs in Japan were collected; 77.3% of the respondents indicated that the contributions of the Medical Affairs department exceeded their expectations (achieved the expected level of contribution). The most common responses were “the identification of unmet medical needs” and “the dissemination of medical and scientific information, providing advanced medical and scientific information;” other responses included “promoting sales of the company's drugs.” The requests from KOL/KTLs regarding quality were “knowledge about biological and clinical statistics” and “proposal and quick response ability from the perspective of medical staff and patients,” but these responses were partially different between physicians and pharmacists. COVID-19 has resulted in substantial changes, for example, “face-to-face” interactions have significantly decreased from 91.5 to 50.4% and “Online” interactions have significantly increased from 20.6 to 70.9%. However, the effects of the declaration of emergency state could not be identified. The KOL/KTLs requested to make the meeting times more appropriate, conduct in-depth two-way discussions, provide latest information, and discuss about professional manners and behaviors.Conclusion: In summary, regardless of the changes in the types of activities caused by COVID-19, the Medical Affairs department has made substantial contributions to healthcare professionals, who highly appreciated them. Furthermore, depending on responses of individuals whose expectations could not be met, areas of improvements have been suggested.

Ethical leaders promote quality of life through fair and trust-based relationships / Líderes éticos promovem qualidade de vida por meio de relacionamentos justos e baseados em confiança / Los líderes éticos promueven la calidad de vida a través de relaciones justas basadas en la confianza

Ethical leadership has become an important field of research. This article examines the impact of ethical leadership within the context of healthcare organizations. Based on social learning theory, we examine the relationship between ethical leadership and quality of life, mediated by peer justice and moderated by trust in the leader. Participants in this study consisted of 388 professionals from 59 centers affiliated with "Plena Inclusión", an NGO whose mission is to improve the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Spain. Results showed a significant relationship between ethical leadership and quality of life, through a partial mediation of overall peer justice. Furthermore, the moderated indirect links between ethical leadership and quality of life through peer justice confirmed high levels of trust in the leader. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this research are discussed.

A liderança ética tornou-se um importante campo de pesquisa. Este artigo examina o impacto da liderança ética no contexto das organizações de saúde. Com base na teoria da aprendizagem social, examinamos a relação entre liderança ética e qualidade de vida, mediada pela justiça entre pares e moderada pela confiança no líder. Os participantes deste estudo foram 388 profissionais de 59 centros afiliados à "Plena Inclusión", uma ONG que tem como missão melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência intelectual na Espanha. Os resultados indicam uma relação significativa entre liderança ética e qualidade de vida mediada parcialmente pela justiça entre os pares. Além disso, as ligações indiretas moderadas entre a liderança ética e a qualidade de vida por meio da justiça entre pares confirmaram altos níveis de confiança no líder. São discutidas as implicações e limitações teóricas e práticas desta pesquisa.

El liderazgo ético se ha convertido en un importante campo de investigación. Este artículo examina el impacto del liderazgo ético en el contexto de las organizaciones sanitarias. Con base en la teoría del aprendizaje social, examinamos la relación entre el liderazgo ético y la calidad de vida, mediada por la justicia entre iguales y moderada por la confianza en el líder. En este estudio participaron 388 profesionales de 59 centros afiliados a "Plena Inclusión", ONG cuya misión es mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual en España. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre liderazgo ético y calidad de vida a través de la mediación parcial de la justicia entre iguales. Además, los vínculos indirectos moderados entre el liderazgo ético y la calidad de vida a través de la justicia entre iguales confirmaron altos niveles de confianza en el líder. Se discuten las implicaciones y limitaciones teóricas y prácticas de esta investigación.

LMX and well-being: psychological climates as moderators of their concurrent and lagged relationships / LMX e bem-estar: climas psicológicos como moderadores de seus relacionamentos simultâneos e retardados / LMX y bienestar: climas psicológicos como moderadores de sus relaciones concurrentes y diferidas

The importance of the quality of leader member exchange (LMX) for workers' health and well-being is acknowledged in the literature, and empirical research addressing this issue is beginning to accumulate. However, recent reviews on this topic recommend making a greater effort to include time and boundary conditions in this relationship. The present study aims to analyze the effects of LMX on employees' well-being, and the moderating role of psychological climate, by means of a longitudinal study with a 12-month time lag. Data were obtained from 119 employees working in the Public Health Service . Results show that LMX had concurrent and lagged positive effects on well-being. Perceptions of higher levels of innovation climate increased the positive effects of LMX on well-being. Perceptions of higher levels of goals orientation decreased the positive effects of LMX on well-being. In practical terms, organizations must pay attention to the environment where LMX emerges in order to promote its positive effects or reduce its potential negative effects on workers' health.

A importância da qualidade do relação líder-liderado (leader member exchange - LMX) para a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores é reconhecida na literatura, e pesquisas empíricas que abordam essa questão estão começando a se acumular. No entanto, revisões recentes sobre este tópico recomendam fazer um esforço maior para incluir as condições de tempo e limites desta relação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos do LMX no bem-estar dos funcionários e o papel moderador do clima psicológico, por meio de um estudo longitudinal com 12 meses de distância. Os dados foram obtidos junto a 119 funcionários que atuam no Serviço Público de Saúde. Os resultados mostram que o LMX teve efeitos positivos simultâneos e díspares no bem-estar. As percepções de níveis mais elevados de clima de inovação aumentaram os efeitos positivos do LMX no bem-estar. Percepções de níveis mais elevados de orientação para metas diminuíram os efeitos positivos do LMX no bem-estar. Em termos práticos, as organizações devem prestar atenção ao ambiente onde o LMX emerge, a fim de promover seus efeitos positivos ou reduzir seus potenciais efeitos negativos na saúde dos trabalhadores.

La importancia de la calidad del intercambio de miembros líderes (leader member exchange - LMX) para la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores se reconoce en la literatura, y la investigación empírica que aborda este tema está comenzando a acumularse. Sin embargo, revisiones recientes sobre este tema recomiendan hacer un mayor esfuerzo para incluir el tiempo y posibles factores condicionantes de dichas relaciones. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de LMX en el bienestar de los empleados y el papel modulador del clima psicológico, mediante un estudio longitudinal con un desfase de 12 meses. Los datos se obtuvieron de 119 empleados del Servicio de Salud Pública. Los resultados muestran que LMX tuvo efectos positivos simultáneos y diferidos sobre el bienestar. Las percepciones de niveles más altos de clima de innovación aumentaron los efectos positivos de LMX en el bienestar. Las percepciones de niveles más altos de orientación a metas disminuyeron los efectos positivos de LMX en el bienestar. En términos prácticos, las organizaciones deben prestar atención al entorno en el que surge LMX para promover sus efectos positivos o reducir sus posibles efectos negativos en la salud de los trabajadores.

Profesor Dr. Jorge Díaz Mayo: principios éticos y profesionales

Consideramos esta semblanza del Dr. Jorge Díaz Mayo, fallecido recientemente, un digno homenaje a un querido profesor de este Hospital "Enrique Cabrera"; admirado y respetado por todos, quien, por su dedicación profesional, constituyó un ejemplo no solo para los que trabajaron a su lado, sino para los que, de forma directa o indirecta, conocieron sus excelentes cualidades como médico y como ser humano. Su trayectoria como estudiante fue culminada como diplomado en Doctor en Medicina, en cuyo perfil se distinguiría con una prolífera labor durante años en varios centros médicos, en los cuales mantuvo siempre los principios y ética de médico íntegro y revolucionario, además de destacarse en actividades colaterales, políticas, deportivas y en la defensa al país. Su labor como dirigente fue ejemplar.

This is to pay tribute to the recently deceased professor Dr. Jorge Díaz Mayo, who was admired and respected by everyone during all his work at "Enrique Cabrera" Hospital. He was also an example of professional dedication not only to all the persons who worked directly with him but to those who, directly or indirectly, knew about his excellent qualities as a doctor and a human being. He ended up his student´s formation with the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. He distinguished himself for his prolific work in different medical centers for many years and he always kept the principles and ethics of upright and revolutionary doctor. He also distinguished himself for his collateral, political, and sports activities, as well as other actions for homeland defense. He was considered an inspiring leader.

Factors affecting Organizational Commitment of General Hospital Nurses in Small and Medium Sized Cities / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationships between nursing work environment, leader-member exchange(LMX), peer support, and organizational commitment in one city with a severe nurse shortage. METHODS: Participants were 198 nurses who had worked for more than 6 months with the same head nurse. They worked in five general hospitals located in one city. In April 2016 participants completed a survey questionnaire about their nursing work environment, LMX, peer support, and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in nursing work environment by experience of turnover (t=−2.58, p=.010). LMX showed significant difference by department (F=3.81, p=.011). Factors influencing nurses' organizational commitment were nurse participation in hospital affairs (β=.23, p=.028) and nurse manager ability, leadership and support (β=.18, p=.022). Explanatory power was 18.2% in the regression model. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to improve the nursing work environment in order to increase organizational commitment. Improvement of the nursing system should be considered along with supplementation of nurses particularly during a severe nurse shortage.

Escala de liderança ética no trabalho: evidências de validade da versão brasileira / Ethical leadership at work scale: validity evidence for the brazilian version / Escala de liderazgo ético en el trabajo: evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña

O tema da ética nas organizações tem ganhado relevo recentemente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação da Escala de Liderança Ética no Trabalho (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). O primeiro estudo apresenta escala traduzida e o teste exploratório da estrutura fatorial com uma amostra de 222 profissionais. Apesar de apresentar 7 fatores (AFE), a estrutura encontrada não correspondente ao modelo original. No estudo 2 (amostra de 3804 profissionais), o ajuste do modelo com estrutura fatorial original da escala foi testado (AFC) e apresentou melhor ajuste que os demais. Para mensurar a validade de construto, a relação da liderança ética com a satisfação com o líder e a supervisão abusiva foi testada. O padrão de relação esperado foi confirmado, sendo encontrada relação positiva com satisfação e negativa com supervisão abusiva. Juntos, os resultados sugerem que a ELET apresenta evidências de validade de construto e boas propriedades psicométricas.

Ethical issues have been a growing concern to organizations. The main goal of this study was to develop a Brazilian version of the Ethical Leadership at Work Scale (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). The first study presents the translated measure and an exploratory study of the factor structure with a sample of 222 employees. Even though the best solution had 7 factors (EFA), the solution found did not correspond to the originally proposed one. In study 2 (sample of 3,804 employees), the goodness of fit of the original factor structure was assessed (CFA). The originally proposed model presented the best fit. In order to assess construct validity, the relationship of ethical leadership with satisfaction with the leader and abusive supervision was measured. Findings confirmed the hypothesized positive relation with satisfaction with the leader and a negative one with abusive supervision. Overall, findings suggest the scale presents good psychometric properties and construct validity.

El tema de la ética en las organizaciones ha ganado recientemente relevancia. El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la adaptación de la Escala de Liderazgo Ético en el Trabajo (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). El primer estudio presenta el test exploratorio de la estructura factorial a partir de una muestra de 222 profesionales. A pesar de presentar 7 factores (AFE), la estructura hallada no corresponde al modelo original. En el estudio 2 (muestra de 3804 profesionales), el ajuste del modelo con la estructura factorial original de la escala fue probado (AFC) y presentó un mejor ajuste en comparación con otros modelos probados. Para medir la validez de constructo, la relación del liderazgo ético con la satisfacción con el líder y la supervisión abusiva fueron probadas. El patrón de relación esperado fue confirmado al encontrarse relación positiva con respecto a la satisfacción, y negativa relativa a la supervisión abusiva. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la ELET presenta evidencias de validez de constructo y buenas propiedades psicométricas.

Evolução do construto liderança autêntica: uma revisão de literatura / Evolution of authentic leadership construct: a literature review / Evolución del constructo liderazgo auténtico: una revisión de la literatura

A Liderança Autêntica (LA) tem atraído a atenção de profissionais da academia e da prática organizacional desde o início deste século. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura publicada entre 2011 e 2016, visando a avaliar o estágio de evolução do construto LA. Foram analisados 106 artigos de autoria de estudiosos de todos os continentes, sendo nove teóricos e 97 empíricos. Os resultados indicam que o construto evoluiu, em consequência, entre outros, da corroboração empírica de pressupostos teóricos e que a existência de possível redundância por parte da LA e da liderança transformacional ainda permanece em questionamento. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas no tocante à forma como os líderes autênticos desenvolvem seus liderados, em contraste com o realizado por outros estilos de liderança, e a novas formas de medida, visando a responder as indagações em aberto.

Authentic Leadership (AL) has attracted the attention of academics and organizational practitioners since the beginning of this century. The objective of this study was to review the literature published between 2011 and 2016, in order to evaluate the evolutionary stage of the AL construct. We analyzed 106 articles written by scholars from all continents, with nine being theoretical and 97 empirical. The results indicate that the construct evolved due to, among other factors, the empirical corroboration of theoretical assumptions. However, the existence of possible redundancy between AL and transformational leadership still remains in question. Further research is suggested regarding how authentic leaders develop their followers, in contrast to what is done by other leadership styles, and also on new forms of measurement, aiming to answer open questions.

El liderazgo auténtico (LA) ha atraído la atención de los profesionales de la academia y de la práctica organizacional desde el comienzo de este siglo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura publicada entre 2011 y 2016 para evaluar el grado de evolución del constructo LA. Fueron analizados 106 artículos de autores de todos los continentes, siendo nueve teóricos y 97 empíricos. Los resultados indican que el constructo evolucionó, en consecuencia, entre otros aspectos, de la corroboración empírica de los datos teóricos. La existencia de una posible redundancia por parte del LA y del liderazgo transformacional sigue en cuestionamiento. Se sugieren nuevas investigaciones con relación al modo como los líderes auténticos promueven sus liderados, diferentemente de otros estilos de liderazgo, y con respecto a nuevas formas de medir el LA con el fin de responder a las dudas existentes.

Relationship between the modest leadership behaviors of nurses in operating rooms and the status of nurses′ work-family gains / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the modest leadership behaviors of nurses in operating rooms and the status of nurses′work-family gains, and to analyze their relationship. Methods From October to November 2017, a convenient sampling method was used to select 230 operating rooms from 3 tertiary-level A hospitals, 2 secondary A hospitals, and a tertiary A hospital in Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The nurses used the general information questionnaire, the humble leadership scale, and the work household income scale to conduct questionnaire surveys. Results The total score of the head nurse behavior scale of the operating room was (3.16 ± 0.38) points, and the total score of the nurse work family was (2.95 ± 0.46) points; the headroom behavior of nurses in the operating room was humble leadership behavior and the family income of nurses was increased. Positive correlation (r=0.678, P<0.05). Conclusions The humility leadership behavior of the head nurse can play a positive role in the growth of the work- room nurses′ family. The head nurse should pay attention to cultivate the leadership characteristics of the humility leadership behavior, so as to effectively enhance the work-family gain level.

Impact of Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention on Ocular Epidemic Study / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To observe the role of community popular opinion leader (POL) intervention on ocular epidemic study. Methods During the process of epidemiological survey of eye disease in Shenyang City,the community POL was interviewed to observe the change of the follow-up population from 2015 to 2016 and the effects of the POL intervention were analyzed. Results The study population follow-up rate was significantly improved after POL intervention (χ2 = 85.42,P < 0.01),the male-to-female ratio was balanced (χ2 = 6.51, P = 0.01),and more participants were willing and hoped to participate in the epidemic study for a long time. Conclusion Community POLs can improve the follow-up rate of epidemiological surveys and mobilize the enthusiasm of the population to participate in epidemiological investigations.

A qualitative research of leaders' intervention intensions in process of unstructured group counseling / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore group leaders' intervention intensions during group counseling process. Methods: The Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) was applied to collect leaders' intervention intensions in 11 sessions of 2 unstructured counseling groups. Leaders' intervention intensions were coded according to coding manual. Results: Totally 29 types of intervention intensions were identified and grouped into 10 categories. The 3 intervention intensions with the highest frequency were"access to information and evaluation", "promoting awareness" and "expressing support for group members". The intervention intensions of establishing a group culture and promoting group cohesion mainly appeared in the early stage of group counseling. The intervention intension of dealing with emotion mostly appeared in the middle stage. The intervention intension of promoting awareness appeared a lot in the early and middle stages of group development The intervention intention of expressing support for group members was salient at the initial and final stages of group counseling. Conclusion: There may be diverse intervention intensions in the process of group counseling. Group leaders could pay attention to interpersonal interaction, giving consideration to both individuals and groups.

Análisis de las variables asociadas al estudio del liderazgo: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Analysis of Variables Related to the Study of Leadership: A Systematic Review of Literature

El presente trabajo analiza el liderazgo desde una perspectiva de la psicología social y de las organizaciones, a partir de un rigor científico, empírico, objetivo, sistemático y, probablemente, replicable. La literatura sobre el liderazgo cuenta con un gran número de fuentes, diversas y heterogéneas que provienen de diferentes disciplinas, sin embargo, aún no hay acuerdos sobre su definición y tampoco existe un único modelo que lo explique en su totalidad. En este artículo, se hace una descripción general sobre cómo se investiga el liderazgo, y se abordan tres dimensiones que, se espera, todas las teorías sobre el liderazgo contemplen: el líder, los seguidores y el contexto. A partir de una revisión sistemática (RS) de trabajos de autores iberoamericanos publicados en las bases Redalyc y Scopus, después de la búsqueda de artículos en las bases entre el 2005 y el 2015, se seleccionaron 68 estudios que cumplían los criterios de selección definidos. El análisis sistemático de los textos se desarrolló en tres etapas: primero, delimitación de estrategia de búsqueda y selección de los estudios; segundo, sistematización y lematización del corpus textual y tercero, análisis estadístico descriptivo unidimensional y multidimensional de datos textuales. Los resultados, a partir del SPSS y del SPAD, muestran aportes importantes de las investigaciones realizadas durante la última década, donde se identifican sus componentes básicos, los modelos teóricos que lo explican, las diferentes metodologías para su medición; los desarrollos en cuanto a variables psicológicas asociadas y los aspectos organizacionales que la literatura científica evidencia en resultados de estudios sobre el liderazgo en las organizaciones.

This work analyses leadership from the perspective of Social and Organisational Psychology, with scientific, empirical, objective, systematic and likely replicable rigour. The literature on leadership features a large number of diverse and heterogeneous sources stemming from several different disciplines. However, there is no agreement on what leadership is, nor is there a single explanatory' model of it. This paper describes how leadership is investigated, and three dimensions are mentioned that it is expected that all theories on leadership address: leader, followers, and context. 68 studies from works published by Iberoamerican authors and covered by Redalyc and Scopus fulfilled criteria. The systematic analysis of these works had three stages: the delimitation of the search strategy and the selection of the studies; systematisation and lemmatisation of the text corpus, and statistical descriptive, unidimensional and multidimensional analysis. Results compiled using SPSS and SPAD show important contributions made by the studies in the last decade, with identification of their basic components, their theoretical explanatory models, the different methodologies used, the development of associated psychological variables, and the organisational aspects mentioned by the scientific literature in terms of leadership in organisations.

Mediating effect of township leaders' perceived organizational support on occupational stress and job satisfaction / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the job satisfying degree of township leaders and to explore the mediating effect of perceived organizational support on occupational stress and job satisfaction.METHODS: A total of 1 545 township leaders from Huludao City,Fengcheng City and Fushun City in Liaoning Province were selected as study subjects by cluster random sampling method.The questionnaire of Effort-Reword Imbalance,the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Perceived Organizational Support were used to investigate their occupational stress,job satisfaction and perceived organizational support.RESULTS: The total score of occupational stress in township leaders was(66.1 ± 6.8),and job satisfaction was(71.1 ± 13.1).The score of perceived organizational support was(42.2 ± 9.9).Occupational stress and perceived organizational support had direct prediction role on job satisfaction(P<0.01).The mediation effect of perceived organizational support between occupational stress and job satisfaction was 0.190,accounting for 48.3% of the total effect.CONCLUSION: Organizational support plays a part of mediating role on occupational stress and job satisfaction.

Effect of leader-member exchange on nurses’sense of calling in workplace / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of leader-member exchange on nurses’sense of calling in workplace based on self-determination theory.@*Methods@#A total of 381 nurses were randomly selected from five tertiary general hospitals in Zhejiang province, China from October to December, 2016. They were subjected to a survey using the Leader-Member Exchange Scale, Job Autonomy Scale, Core Self-Evaluation Scale, and Calling Scale. The mediating effect was used to test the procedures and the data were subjected to hierarchical regression analysis.@*Results@#The leader-member exchange was positively correlated with job autonomy, core self-evaluation, and sense of calling (r=0.471, P<0.001; r=0.373, P<0.001; r=0.475, P<0.001) ; the leader-member exchange had a positive predictive effect on job autonomy and sense of calling (β= 0.47, P<0.001; β=0.48, P<0.001) ; the job autonomy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between leader-member exchange and sense of calling (F=66.50, P<0.001) ; the core self-evaluation negatively adjusted the positive relationship between leader-member exchange and job autonomy (F=27.81, P<0.001) .@*Conclusion@#High-quality leader-member exchange enhances the sense of calling by improving staffs’ job autonomy and the core self-evaluation reduces the positive relationship between leader-member exchange and job autonomy.