ABSTRACT
Cotton is the most important global cash crop which controls economy of many nations. Global sustainability of cotton yield is one of the major challenges for meeting impending threats under climate change. Though India is one among the leading countries in cotton production, the supply is not enough considering the increasing demand. Scientists across the Globe are indulged in developing new lines and cultures with capacity to produce more yields. In this context, here, we have made an attempt to study the growth, physiology, and yield traits of cotton culture - TCH 1819 before its release (now released in the name of CO 17) by different chemical treatments. Observation on the leaf gas exchange traits, leaf parenchymal cells distinguished the source sink relationship of the culture. Chemical manipulation by growth retardants reduced the gibberellins content and modified the foliage structure. By characterizing the physiological potential through manipulation by growth retardant (Mepiquat chloride (0.015 %)) increased the yield by 30%. The traits identified in this study are potential indicators in breeding programme before releasing the variety.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Diploon is a monospecific genus represented by Diploon cuspidatum, an arboreal species that has morphological characteristics distinct from those of other Sapotaceae species. In this study, Diploon cuspidatum leaves were characterized morphoanatomically in order to reveal additional diagnostic characters of their external morphology of the genus. The Diploon petiole presents shape and arrangement of the vascular system flat-convex, occasionally with one or two accessory bundles, many laticifers, and many prismatic crystals. The midrib is biconvex with a U-shaped cuticle on the abaxial side, and laticifers are associated with the vascular tissues. Mesophyll is dorsiventral, palisade parenchyma has two cell layers, T- and Y-shaped malpighiaceous trichomes are on the abaxial epidermis with a small stalk cell and long arm. The venation pattern is brochidodromous. Intersecondary veins run parallel to the secondary veins, and quaternary veins branch freely. Higher order veins are not present. Morphoanatomical analysis revealed important characteristics that reveal a set of structures common to Sapotaceae, in addition to characters that are important for the recognition and identification of D. cuspidatum.
Resumo: Diploon é um gênero monoespecífico representado por Diploon cuspidatum, espécie arbórea com características morfológicas peculiares em relação a outros gêneros de Sapotaceae. A espécie teve suas folhas caracterizadas morfoanatomicamente, a fim de fornecer caracteres diagnósticos adicionais à morfologia externa, subsidiar pesquisas no âmbito da anatomia vegetal, dendrologia e filogenia. D. cuspidatum evidenciou pecíolo plano-convexo, com feixe vascular plano-convexo, presença ocasional de até dois feixes acessórios, presença de muitos laticíferos e cristais prismáticos. A nervura central é biconvexa, com cutícula em forma de U no lado abaxial, laticíferos associados aos elementos vasculares. Mesofilo dorsiventral, parênquima paliçádico com duas camadas descontínuas, tricomas malpighiáceos do tipo T e Y na epiderme abaxial com pedúnculo pequeno e braço longo. O padrão de venação é do tipo broquidódroma. Veias intersecundárias paralelas as veias secundárias, veias quaternárias em ramos livres. Ausência de veias de ordem superior. A análise morfoanatômica realizada evidenciou caracteres importantes que retratam um conjunto de estruturas comuns a Sapotaceae e também importantes para reconhecimento e identificação D. cuspidatum.
ABSTRACT
The genus Peristethium, characterized by determinate inflorescences protected by deciduous bracts, occurs in the northwest of South America, as well as Costa Rica and Panama. The main objective of this paper was to transfer one species to what we believe is its correct generic placement in Peristethium, that likewise implies in a shift of the genus' distribution beyond the Amazon. A new combination, Peristethium reticulatum, is proposed, based on Struthanthus reticulatus, described from Tocantins in 1980. The sexual dimorphism of the inflorescences of P. reticulatum (sessile male flowers and pedicellate female flowers) associated with male inflorescences that are inserted at leafless nodes are unique within the genus. The male flowers have dimorphic stamens, well-developed anthers and a pistiloid, whilst female flowers have robust styles and stigmas, and much reduced staminodes. Peristethium reticulatum and P. polystachyum occurs in the Amazon regions of Brazil, with the former recorded also in the ecotone with the Central Brazilian savannas (Cerrados).
O gênero Peristethium, caracterizado por inflorescências determinadas protegidas por brácteas decíduas, ocorre no noroeste da América do Sul, além da Costa Rica e Panamá. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi transferir uma espécie para o que acredita-se ser seu correto posicionamento genérico em Peristethium, o que também implica em concomitante alteração da distribuição geográfica deste gênero para além da Amazônia. A nova combinação, Peristethium reticulatum, é proposta, baseada em Struthanthus reticulatus, descrita para o Tocantins em 1980. O acentuado dimorfismo sexual das inflorescências de P. reticulatum (flores masculinas sésseis e as femininas pediceladas), juntamente com a origem de inflorescências masculinas em nós áfilos são únicos dentro do gênero. As flores masculinas apresentam estames dimorfos, anteras desenvolvidas e pistilódio, enquanto as flores femininas possuem estiletes e estigmas robustos e estaminódio reduzido. Peristethium reticulatum e P. polystachyum ocorrem em regiões amazônicas do Brasil, sendo a primeira registrada também em ecótono com o Cerrado.
ABSTRACT
Architecture and leaf anatomy of the Polypodium plesiosorum sensu Moran complex (Polypodiaceae). The Polypodium plesisorum complex is a heterogeneous morphology group. We studied leaf architecture and anatomy of 12 species of this group, in addition to other 23 species of Polypodium (P. dulce, P. polypodioides and P. vulgare complex sensu Moran) and related genera (Goniophlebium, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Serpocaulon, Synammia), for comparative purposes. Two homogeneous groups of species were established in P. plesiosorum complex. One of them is recognized based on the type of anastomosis of the veins (Type III): Polypodium conterminans (originally considered in the group of P. dulce with free venation by Moran), P. hispidulum, P. plesiosorum and P. rhodopleuron. The second group with Polypodium arcanum, P. castaneum, P. colpodes, P. eatonii, and P. flagellare were recognized based on the type of anastomosis of the veins (Type IV) and how vascular strands fuse along the petiole-leaf rachis. Characters studied helped to group the remaining species with other groups outside the complex under study. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 955-976. Epub 2010 September 01.
El complejo Polypodium plesisorum es un grupo de morfología heterogénea. Se estudió la arquitectura y anatomía foliar de 12 especies que constituyen el complejo de Polypodium plesiosorum reconocidas por Moran, y otras 23 especies de Polypodium (complejos P. dulce, P. polypodioides y P. vulgare sunsu Moran) y géneros relacionados taxonómicamente (Goniophlebium, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Serpocaulon, Synammia) con fines comparativos. Dos grupos de especies homogéneas fueron establecidos en el complejo P. plesisorum. Uno de ellos se reconoce por el tipo de anastomosis de las venas (tipo III): Polypodium conterminans (originalmente considerado en el grupo de P. dulce de venación libre según Moran), P. hispidulum, P. plesiosorum y P. rhodopleuron. El segundo grupo formado por Polypodium arcanum, P. castaneum, P. colpodes, P. eatonii y P. flagellare, se reconoce por el tipo de anastomosis de las venas (tipo IV) y la forma en que se fusionan los cordones vasculares a lo largo del eje pecíoloraquis de la hoja. Los caracteres estudiados ayudaron a relacionar las especies restantes con otros grupos fuera del complejo estudiado.