ABSTRACT
Aims: Taxonomy refers to assignment of name to an organism which provides the only key to all the information available about that species and its relatives. Careful and accurate identification and classification of organisms are of vital importance so that the extents of their harmful and beneficial properties are established. Since some of the members of tribe Archipini are pests of various crops, so this study was conducted with the aim to identify, describe, name and classify these species and also prepare illustrated diagnostic keys for their quick and authentic identification and efficient management. Study Design: Taxonomy of tribe Archipini. Place and Duration of Study: The collection of these tortricid moth specimens was done in districts Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kargil and Leh of J&K State during 2010-2012, while as their processing was performed during 2014 in Biosystematics Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025. Methodology: For this study, intensive and extensive collection-cum-survey tours were conducted to capture tortricid moth species from far-flung localities of different areas of Kashmir and Ladakh from March 2010 to November 2012. Since these moths being nocturnal in behaviour, their collection was done during night with the help of portable bucket type light traps fitted with 125 W mercury vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp hung along a white cloth sheet secured to a wall or directly over a plain white wall to protect wings and scales from damage due to overcrowding during trapping in bucket of light trap. These specimens after collection from field were processed in laboratory. For preparation of permanent slides for wing venation, method proposed by Common (1970) and advocated by Zimmerman (1978) was followed, while as for studying male and female genitalia, the method suggested by Robinson (1976) was followed with slight modification. Results: Twelve Tortricid moth species belonging to six genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of tribe Archipini and sub-family Tortricinae were collected from Kashmir Himalaya and dealt with taxonomically. Overall, two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Besides, giving an illustrated account of new species, the taxonomic account of already known species has also been added to improve their diagnosis. Further, key to the presently examined species of all genera has been prepared on the basis of characters such as labial palpi, antennae, costal fold, anal fold, wing venation and male and female genitalic characteristics. Conclusion: In the Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region (North-west) of J & K state of India twelve species belonging to six genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of tribe Archipini have been collected during present investigation, out of which two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Further the reporting of two new species increased the number of species under genus Choristoneura Lederer from four to five and genus Clepsis Guenee from two to three in Kashmir zone of Jammu & Kashmir.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve por finalidade realizar estudos biológicos da espécie de crisopídeo de maior ocorrência nos agroecossistemas brasileiros, Chrysoperla externa, a fim de viabilizar a criação desta em condições de laboratório. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, onde foi estudada a biologia das fases imatura e adulta de C. externa, alimentando suas larvas com ovos de Bonagota cranaodes e os adultos com dieta artificial a base de lêvedo de cerveja e mel na proporção de 1:1. O período embrionário foi determinado utilizando cápsulas de gelatina e tubos de vidro de 2,5x8,5cm e os insetos adultos foram criados em gaiolas de tubo de PVC com 10,0 cm de diâmetro e 23,0cm de comprimento em temperatura de 25±2°C e 70±10 por cento de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 horas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o período embrionário foi de 4,0 dias, com viabilidade de 89,2 por cento. Para a fase larval, foi determinada uma duração de 13,1 dias, sendo a duração média para o 1°, 2° e 3° ínstares de 3,7; 4,9; e 4,5 dias, respectivamente. O período médio de pré-pupa e pupa foi de 1,4 e 9,3 dias, respectivamente, perfazendo um ciclo de desenvolvimento médio de 27,8 dias. As medidas da largura da cápsula cefálica mostraram que a regra de Dyar aplica-se nesse caso. Larvas de Chrysoperla externa podem ser criadas em ovos de Bonagota cranaodes em condições de laboratório.
The paper aimed to conduct biological studies of the chrysopidae species most frequent in the Brazilian agroecosystems, Chrysoperla externa, in order to raise this species under laboratory conditions. The research was developed at the Entomology Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, where biological studies of immature and adult stages of C. externa were performed, feeding its larva with eggs of Bonagota cranaotes and adults with an artificial diet based on beer yeast and honey, in the 1:1 proportion. The embryonic period was determined using gel capsules and 2.5x8.5cm glass tubes. The adult insects were raised in PVC tubes of 10.0cm diameter and 23.0cm length, at the temperature of 25°C±2°C and 70±10 percent relative humidity and 14 hour photophase. According to the results obtained, the embryonic period was of 4.0 days, with 89.2 percent of viability, the mean larval period for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars was of 3.7, 4.9 and 4.5 days, respectively. The mean period for pre-pupa and pupa was of 1.4 and 9.3 days, respectively, amounting to a mean developing cycle of 27.8 days. The width measures of the cephalic capsule showed that the Dyar's rule can applied to this case. Larva of Chrysoperla externa may be raised in eggs of Bonagota cranaodes under laboratory conditions.