Profile of Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy in Graves’ Disease patients with Hypothyroidism Post-Radioactive Iodine Ablation: Focus on different weight-based regimens / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objective@#To evaluate the status of euthyroidism achieved among Thai patients with post-ablative hypothyroidism and to examine the difference between various weight-based daily levothyroxine (LT4) replacement regimens in these patients.@*Methodology@#We conducted a retrospective review of Thai patients with Graves’ disease (GD) who developed hypothyroidism following radioactive iodine treatment from 2016 to 2020 at Theptarin hospital. Daily LT4 dose was calculated based on actual body weight (ABW), ideal body weight (IBW), and estimated lean body mass (LBM).@*Results@#We reviewed a total of 271 patient records. Of these, 81.2% were females with a mean age of 40.8±11.7 years, LT4 intake duration of 27.1±14.6 months, and LT4 dose/kg ABW of 1.4±0.5 μg/kg/day. At the final follow-up, 62.4% of patients achieved thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the reference interval, 15.5% had TSH levels over, and 22.1% had TSH levels under the reference range. Obese patients required a lower daily LT4 dose relative to ABW and higher daily LT4 dose relative to IBW to attain euthyroidism (ABW 1.1±0.4 μg/kg/day and IBW 2.0±0.8 μg/kg/day). Estimated daily LT4 dose based on LBM showed a constant dosage of 2.0 μg/kg/day in all BMI categories.@*Conclusions@#Suboptimum LT4 replacement therapy was found in almost half of hypothyroid patients with GD treated with radioactive iodine. Estimated LBM was a better indicator for dosing calculation in these patients compared with ABW and IBW.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis for monitoring fluid and body cell mass changes in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Objective: To evaluate preoperative and postoperative body fluid distribution with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Fifteen adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this study. Total body fluid changes, basal metabolism rates, body fat masses, lean body masses, and total cell masses were recorded. The patients' values were measured before anesthesia, after anesthesia, after sternotomy, at the 5th, 30th, and 60th minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days. All values were compared with preoperative values. Results: Total body fluid changed significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.01). Metabolic velocity significantly changed compared to preoperative measurements (P<0.05). Fat mass and lean body mass also changed significantly. Body mass index and phase angle did not change significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Changes in body fluids during and after cardiopulmonary bypass are inevitable. The increase in total body weight shows that this fluid load shifts to the extracellular space during bypass and the fluid load in this area passes into the intravascular area in the early postoperative period. This may cause edema and dysfunction in the major organs. Therefore, the fluid balance should be adjusted very carefully, especially during the bypass phase and the early postoperative period.

A Review of the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Lean Body Mass in Humans

Weight loss is an important goal in the management of several chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and pharmacological therapies that aid weight loss are appealing. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are novel glucose-lowering therapies that have been shown to induce clinically significant reductions in body weight. However, this weight loss may not be attributed solely to fat mass (FM). Given the importance of skeletal muscle and lean body mass (LBM) on cardio-metabolic health and physical function, we reviewed the available literature reporting the effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is on body composition. Results demonstrate that, in most circumstances, the weight loss associated with both therapies predominantly comprises a reduction in FM, although significant heterogeneity exists between studies. In over half of the studies identified, the proportion of LBM reduction ranged between 20% and 50% of total weight lost, which is consistent with diet-induced weight loss and bariatric surgery. No clear differences existed between GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is. Consequently, the loss of LBM and skeletal muscle associated with weight loss induced by GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is warrants attention. Strategies to preserve skeletal muscle and improve physical function, for example through structured exercise, are of great importance.

Comparison of the efficacy of Levothyroxine Suppression Dose computed based on actual body weight vs. lean body mass among Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients: A randomized controlled trial / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Background@#The dose of levothyroxine (LT4) after total thyroidectomy is usually computed based on actual body weight. However, metabolism through deiodination of thyroid hormones usually occur in the lean body compartment. An optimal dose to reduce delay in achieving target levels is essential to improve quality of life, reduce risk factors and cost.@*Objectives@#Comparison of the efficacy of two methods of computation for the initial levothyroxine dose in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer based on actual body weight vs. lean body mass in achieving thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) goals.@*Methodology@#Randomized, single-center, 12-week open label controlled trial among adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer post total thyroidectomy who underwent radioactive therapy at St. Luke’s Medical Center Quezon City from July-December 2018. Participants were divided into 2 groups - Actual Body Weight (ABW) and Lean Body Mass (LBM). Levothyroxine dose was computed based on ABW vs. LBM and TSH determined at 6th and 12th weeks after.@*Results@#52 participants (ABW n=26; LBM n=26) were included. ABW group had significantly higher mean LT4 dosage (2.2 mcg/kg) compared to the LBM group (1.4 mcg/kg) (p-value<0.001). ABW group had lower TSH levels at 6th week (5.7 uIU/mL) than LBM group (18.4 uIU/mL) but the difference was not significant. (p-value=0.064). A significantly lower TSH level was observed at week 12 in the ABW group (1.6 uIU/mL) compared to the LBM group (3.8 uIU/mL) (p-value=0.010). However, both methods were not associated with achievement of TSH goal at 6th and 12th week (p-value=0.512 and 0.780, respectively).@*Conclusion@#Among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent 1st time RAI therapy, ABW method of computation for LT4 dosage is better compared to the LBM method due to the lower TSH trend seen at 6th week and statistically significantly lower mean TSH at week 12, although, both method of computations did not achieve target TSH levels at the 6th nor 12th week.

Futsal improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children. A pilot study

The aim of this study was to verify body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and biochemical markers of prepubertal overweight and obese boys to a 16-week futsal training program. Methods: Sixteen boys (age: 7-10 y, body mass index>thanat 95th percentileaccording to Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 35.5±7.4 percent fat) participated to futsal training program. The assessment of body composition was estimated using skinfold thickness, and the following variables were evaluated: total body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, and lean body mass. Aerobic fitness measurementwas performed by gas exchange analysis in treadmill. In addition, an evaluation of the biochemical profile was conducted: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma concentrations of glucose, and insulin. The futsal intervention included 60-min sessions performed two times/week. The mean intensity during training was between 57 to 88% of maximal heart rate of the age-predicted. Individual portable heart rate monitor controlled training intensity. Results: Significant increases in total body mass (4%), height (3%), lean body mass (8%), and significant 6%-decrease in body fat percentage was observed. Body mass index remained unchanged. Maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (p<0.018) by 11%. Biochemical markers were not modified after intervention. No association was found between body composition and metabolic variables. The effect size of futsal training on most variables was small (<0.5). Conclusion: Controlled intensity and adherence to this 16-week futsal training program were determinant to enhance body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in this group of prepubertal boys.(AU)

Comparison on semi-quantitative analysis methods of liver 18F-FDG uptake in PET/CT imaging / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the impact factors of liver uptake of 18F-FDG in PET/CT imaging,and to preliminary analyze the application of maximum standardized uptake values corrected by conventional body mass,lean body mass and body surface area (SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L,SUVmax-S).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 67 healthy subjects who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT.SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L and SUVmax-S were measured,and the impact of age,levels of fasting blood glucose,body mass index (BMI),CT value of liver,gender and the fatty liver on SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L and SUVmax-S were analyzed.Results The liver SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L,SUVmax-S were positively correlated with the levels of fasting blood glucose (r=0.329,0.336,0.353,P =0.012,0.010,0.007).There was a positive correlation between BMI and SUVmax-B (r=0.543,P＜0.01),SUV-L (r=0.328,P=0.007),while BMI value had no correlation with SUVmax-S (r=0.026,P=0.833).There was no correlation between age,CT value of the liver nor SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L and SUVmax-S (all P＞0.05).The liver SUVmax-B (t=2.608,P=0.011) and SUVmax-L (t=5.272,P=0.001) of male were significantly higher than those of female,while there was no difference between male's and female's liver SUVmax-S and liver SUVmax-S (t=0.759,P=0.450).There was no difference in SUVmax-B,SUVmax-L nor SUVmax-S between fatty liver subjects and non-fatty liver subjects (P=0.646,0.775,0.068).Conclusion The fasting blood glucose level,BMI and sex are the impact factors of liver uptake of 18F-FDG in PET/CT imaging.SUVmax-B can be replaced by SUVmax-L or SUVmax-S for larger BMI subjects,while SUVmax-S can make up differences between different genders.However,correction techniques can not weaken the impact of blood glucose level on SUVmax value of liver.

Correlation analysis between lean body mass and bone mineral content in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between lean mass and bone mineral content (BMC)and bone mineral density(BMD)in normal and increased BMI overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nantong from June 2014 to August 2016 were selected in this study.According to body mass index (BMI),the patients were divided into the normal group(BMI<24 kg/m2)and the obese diabetic group(BMI=24 kg/m2).The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipids(TC,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),creatinine(Cre),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P)and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25OHD)were measured.The bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral content (BMC),body fat percentage(BF%),lean body mass(LBM),fat mass(FM),and the ratio of male fat to female fat(A/G)were measured by dual energy X-ray(DXA).The above indicators were statistically analyzed.Results 25OHD in the obese diabetic group was(17.1+ 12.6)μg/L,lower than that in the normal diabetic group((23.8±8.2)μg/L)(P<0.05),but BMI,WC,BMD,BMC,%BF,FM in the obese diabetic group(BMI:(27.8±2.1)kg/m2,WC:(96.8±7.9)cm,BMD:(1.12±0.14)g/cm2,BMC:(2.47±0.38) kg,fat and fat percentage:(1.18±0.23))were higher than those in the normal group(BMI:(22.3±1.7)kg/m2,WC:(84.5 + 7.9)cm,BMD:(0.93 ± 0.13)g/cm2,BMC:(2.02 ± 0.28)kg,fat and fat percentage:(2.02±0.28))(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between LBM and BMC in different parts of the body(R=0.37,0.37,0.35,0.43,P<0.05,P<0.001).The ratio of BMI and A/G was also positively correlated with BMC and BMD(r=0.38,0.31,0.28,0.33,0.27,0.25,0.23,0.37,P<0.05,P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between body fat percentage and BMC,BMD(r=-0.30,-0.27,-0.25,-0.33,P<0.05,P<0.001).After correction of age,sex,BMI and 25OHD,multiple linear regression analysis was used to indicate that LBM was a strong predictor of BMC(regression coefficient=0.210,P=0.001).Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,BMC and BMD increased significantly in patients with elevated BMC,and lean body weight was a strong influencing factor for BMI.

The Effectiveness of Lean Body Mass Analysis Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lean body mass analysis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for diagnosing sarcopenia. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review by searching eight Korean databases and international databases, including Ovid-MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Twenty-five studies using DEXA were included in the final assessment. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included studies and extracted data. The quality of the studies was assessed according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network tool. RESULTS: The effectiveness of lean body mass analysis using DEXA was assessed by means of correlations with comparators, relevance to clinical symptoms, and forecasting of prognosis. The correlations with comparators (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and anthropometry) took different positions. The risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) of the decrease in physical functions was 0.57-2.48, and the RR of osteoporosis was 1.15-9.4. The hazard ratio of death was 1.24-3.12, OR of cardiovascular disease was 1.768, and RR of survival was 0.85. CONCLUSION: Lean body mass analysis using DEXA for diagnosing sarcopenia seems promising, but more studies are needed to clarify the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and cut-off for DEXA.

Influences of body composition, force-generating capacity and jump performance on 50-m sprint velocity in circumpubertal boys / 体力科学

This study aimed to elucidate how body composition, force-generating capacity and jump performances are associated with 50-m sprint velocity in circumpubertal boys, in relation to sprint phases and maturation. One hundred thirty four circumpubertal boys were allocated to preadolescent or adolescent group on basis of the height at the peak height velocity of Japanese boys (154 cm) reported in literature: those with body heights over 154 cm as adolescent group and others as preadolescent group. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. In addition to maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque, the performances of counter movement jump (CMJ), rebound jump (RJ), standing long jump (SLJ) and standing 5-step jump (SFJ) were also measured. RJ-index was calculated by dividing height by contact time. The time of 50-m sprint was determined at 10-m intervals. Multiple regression analysis showed that in preadolescent boys, SFJ become a predictor for the sprint speed during acceleration phases, and SFJ, RJ-index and CMJ as predictors for the sprint speeds during maximal speed and deceleration phases. In the adolescent boys, age, CMJ, SLJ, and SFJ become a predictor for the sprint speed during acceleration phases, and torque relative to body mass, CMJ and SFJ were selected as predictors for the sprint speeds during maximal speed and deceleration phases. Thus, the current results indicate that force-generating capacity and jumping ability are determinants for sprint performance in circumpubertal boys, but the relative contribution of each of the two factors differs between preadolescent and adolescent stages and among the sprint phases.

Analysis of factors influencing 18F-FDG metabolic parameters in PET/CT scan for lung cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To explore the effects of body mass index (BMI) and gender on primary lung cancer 18F-FDG uptake param-eters, standardized uptake value (SUV), and standard uptake value of lean body mass (SUL). Methods:Data of 50 patients with prima-ry lung cancer confirmed by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively analyzed. AW4.6 workstation was employed to measure the SUVmean and SUVmax. Meanwhile, PETVCAR (PET Volume Computed Assisted Reading, GE Healthcare) software was used to automatically measure the SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak. The SUVmean, SUV-max, SULmean, and SULmax of the liver (central region of the right lobe) were also measured automatically by PETVCAR. Afterward, T/N ratios (lesion SUVmax/liver SUVmean, lesion SULmax/liver SULmean, and lesion SULpeak/liver SULmean) of the lung cancer lesions were calculated. Correlations of the 18F-FDG metabolic parameters with BMI and gender of the patients were analyzed. Results:Liver SUVmean and SUVmax demonstrated significant positive correlations with BMI in all the patients (γ=0.38 and 0.36, P0.05). No significant correlation was not-ed between the SUVmean, SUVmax, SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak of the lung cancer lesions and BMI (P>0.05). The correlation trend is the same as that in different gender groups. Only the SUVmax T/N ratio of the lung cancer lesions showed a significant nega-tive correlation with BMI (γ=?0.29, P0.05). Con-clusion:Patient BMI and gender mainly affect SUV values, particularly SUVmax, by contrast, patient BMI and gender did not signifi-cantly influence SUL and T/N ratio (SUL). Hence, SUL can be more suitable to quantitatively analyze and assess treatment response ob-jectively. This result will be helpful to the clinical application and promotion of PERCIST, which evaluates treatment response mainly by SUL.

Retrospective analysis of the relationship between the protein nutrition index and survival rate in patients with peritoneal dialysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze retrospectively the relationship between protein nutrition index (PNI) and survival conditions in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods Various clinical and laboratory indexes of patients with chronic kidney disease from January 2004 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.PNI score was determined by serum albumin (ALB),normalized protein nitrogen presentation rate (nPNA),lean body mass (LBM).According to PNI score,PD patients were divided into four groups:good nutrition status,nutrition status in general,poor nutrition,PEW status.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze determine factors of PNI;analysis of Kaplan-Meier was applied to examine relationship between the protein nutrition status and survival rate;COX regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for survival in patients with PD.Results All the indexes,age,complications index,serum Cr,K-Kt/V,T-Kt/V had a linear relationship with PNI.5-year survival rate in the four groups were respectively 95％,92％,65％,23％.Age,complications,PNI index were the survival risk factors of PD patients.Conclusions According to PNI score,evaluation of protein nutritional status of patients with PD could predict survival conditions of PD patients,the higher PNI score,the higher survival rate.

GWAS for sarcopenia related phenotype-univariate analysis and bivariate analy-sis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To identify potentially pleiotropic genes for lean body mass ( LBM ) and age at menarche ( AAM).Methods:The discovery sample consisted of 1 692 unrelated female subjects of European ancestry.The replication sample consisted of 801 unrelated female subjects of Han Chinese ancestry.A total of 909,622 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in both samples with the Affymetrix genome-wide genotyping array SNP 6.0.Bivariate genome-wide association analyses were then performed to the appendicular LBM and AAM.Results: Two SNP rs1860547 and rs11030746 identified by the bivariate GWAS were significant at the genome-wide significance (GWS) level;their P-values were <0.05 after replications.In the upstream of rs1860547, two genes KCNA1 and KCNA5 were found to be important for both LBM and AAM.In the downstream of rs11030746, one gene KCNA4 was found.Univariate GWAS also identified both SNPs to be significant at the GWS level; their P-values were <0.05 after replications.In the upstream of rs1860547 , two genes KCNA1 and KCNA5 are found to be important for LBM.In the downstream of rs11030746 , one gene KCNA4 was found.Conclusion:KCNA1, KCNA4 and KCNA5 are likely to be pleiotropic genes closely related to both LBM and AAM in European females.

Changes in Body Composition Predict Homocysteine Changes and Hyperhomocysteinemia in Korea

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in Korea. Hyperhomocysteinemia confers an independent risk for CVD comparable to the risk of smoking and hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of cardiovascular risk factors and body composition change on homocysteine (Hcy) levels in Korean men and women. The association between body composition and Hcy levels was investigated in a 2-yr prospective cohort study of 2,590 Koreans (mean age 45.5+/-9.6 yr). There were 293 cases of hyperhomocysteinemia (>14 microM/L) at follow-up. Increases in total body fat proportion and decreases in lean body mass (LBM) were significantly associated with increases in Hcy concentration after controlling for confounding factors. Further adjustments for behavioral factors showed that decreases in LBM were associated with Hcy increase. Decrease in LBM also predicted hyperhomocysteinemia at follow-up, after controlling for confounding factors. There was no significant association between change in body mass index (BMI) and Hcy concentrations over time. Hcy changes over time were related to change in LBM and body fat content, whereas BMI or weight change did not predict change in Hcy levels. Changes in ratio of LBM to total fat mass may contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia.

The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Behavioral Factors in Korean Adult Men using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: The number of male adults who are treated for osteoporosis has been increasing rapidly over the last 4 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of men has a similar pattern to that of women with BMD, decreasing with increasing age. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, body fat mass and lean body mass. An association between such factors and BMD would suggest that prevention and education would be a helpful approach in treating patients with osteoporosis. We designed this study to reveal the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and several behavioral factors in Korean male adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1038 community-dwelling men over 20 years of age who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2009 were collected from Seoul city and Kyungi province. Bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise, body mass index, total fat mass) were assessed. We estimated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol and exercise status. RESULTS: Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, exercise 1 to 3 times a week, alcohol consumption once a week, body mass index and total lean body mass were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the total femur and femur neck. Age was negatively associated with BMD. Smoking and total fat mass were not associated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, maintaining adequate total lean body mass with regular exercise is as important as maintaining body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in order to prevent osteoporosis in male adults.

WNIN/GR-Ob - An insulin-resistant obese rat model from inbred WNIN strain.

Background & objectives: WNIN/GR-Ob is a mutant obese rat strain with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) developed at the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India, from the existing 80 year old Wistar rat (WNIN) stock colony. The data presented here pertain to its obese nature along with IGT trait as evidenced by physical, physiological and biochemical parameters. The study also explains its existence, in three phenotypes: homozygous lean (+/+), heterozygous carrier (+/-) and homozygous obese (-/-). Methods: Thirty animals (15 males and 15 females) from each phenotype (+/+, +/-, -/-) and 24 lean and obese (6 males and 6 females) rats were taken for growth and food intake studies respectively. Twelve adult rats from each phenotype were taken for body composition measurement by total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC); 12 rats of both genders from each phenotype at different ages were taken for clinical chemistry parameters. Physiological indices of insulin resistance were calculated according to the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and also by studying U14C 2-deoxy glucose uptake (2DG). Results: WNINGR-Ob mutants had high growth, hyperphagia, polydipsia, polyurea, glycosuria, and significantly lower lean body mass, higher fat mass as compared with carrier and lean rats. These mutants, at 50 days of age displayed abnormal response to glucose load (IGT), hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperleptinaemia. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes by diaphragm were significantly decreased in obese rats as compared with lean rats. Interpretation & conclusions: Obese rats of the designated WNIN/GR-Ob strain showed obesity with IGT, as adjudged by physical, physiological and biochemical indices. These indices varied among the three phenotypes, being lowest in lean, highest in obese and intermediate in carrier phenotypes thereby suggesting that obesity is inherited as autosomal incomplete dominant trait in this strain. This mutant obese rat model is easy to propagate, and can easily be transformed to frank diabetes model by dietary manipulation and thus can be used for screening anti-diabetic drugs.

Estimativa da composição corporal e análise de concordância entre analisadores de impedância bioelétrica bipolar e tetrapolar / Body composition estimation and agreement analysis between bipolar and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzers

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as estimativas da composição corporal e a concordância das medidas produzidas por meio de dois diferentes analisadores de impedância bioelétrica em homens adultos jovens. Vinte e dois sujeitos (23,6 ± 2,9 anos; 73 ± 6,8kg; 177,6 ± 6,0cm; 23,1 ± 1,9kg/m²), aparentemente saudáveis, foram submetidos a medidas de impedância bioelétrica por meio dos analisadores tetrapolar de corpo inteiro (TCI, Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, modelo 310) e bipolar para membros superiores (BMS, Omron tm, modelo HBF-306BL) após jejum de 12h. Estimativas da gordura corporal relativa ( por centoGC), massa livre de gordura (MLG) e massa gorda (MG) foram estabelecidas a partir das informações fornecidas pelos dois equipamentos. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi verificada para por centoGC (10,9 ± 4,3 vs. 10,0 ± 4,2 por cento; P = 0,09), MG (8,1 ± 3,5 vs. 7,4 ± 3,5kg; P = 0,10) e MLG (64,9 ± 5,2 vs. 65,5 ± 4,9kg; P = 0,09) entre TCI e BMS, respectivamente. Correlações positivas e significantes (P < 0,001) foram encontradas entre os analisadores para MLG (r = 0,948), MG (r = 0,891) e por centoGC (r = 0,859). Os limites de concordância foram de -0,6 ± 3,2kg para a MLG (r = 0,135; P = 0,551), 0,8 ± 4,5 por cento para a por centoGC (r = 0,050; P = 0,824) e 0,6 ± 3,2kg para a MG (r = 0,032; P = 0,886). Os resultados sugerem que as estimativas da composição corporal por impedância bioelétrica não parecem ser afetadas pelo uso de diferentes analisadores (BMS vs. TCI) ou pela adiposidade corporal total.

The aim of this study was to analyze the body composition estimation and agreement of the measurements produced from two bioelectrical impedance analysers in young adult men. Twenty-two apparently healthy subjects (23.6 ± 2.9 yrs; 73.0 ± 6.8 kg; 177.6 ± 6.0 cm; 23.1 ± 1.9 kg/m²), were submitted to bioelectrical impedance measurements by tetra-polar whole body (TWB, Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, model 310) and bipolar for upper body (BUB, OMRON TM, model HBF-306BL) after 12 h fast. Relative body fat ( percentBF), lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) estimation were established from information supplied by two analysers. No significant difference was verified for percentBF (10.9 ±4.3 vs. 10.0 ±4.2 percent; P = 0.09), FM (8.1 ±3.5 vs. 7.4 ±3.5 kg; P = 0.10) or LBM (64.9 ±5.2 vs. 65.5 ±4.9 kg; P = 0.09) between TWB and BUB, respectively. Positive significant correlations (P < 0.001) were found between both analysers for LBM (r = 0.948), FM (r = 0.891) and percentBF (r = 0.859). The agreement thresholds were -0.6 ± 3.2 kg for LBM (r = 0.135; P = 0.551), 0.8 ± 4.5 percent for percentBF (r = 0.050; P = 0.824), and 0.6 ± 3.2 kg for FM (r = 0.032; P = 0.886). The results suggest that the body composition estimation by bioelectrical impedance does not seem to be affected by use of different analysers (BUB vs. TWB) or the total body adiposity.

Relationship between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the relationship between body composition, metabolic parameters, and lumbar and femur bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-and post-menopausal women. METHODS: Of 394 females who participated in a medical check-up program, anthropometric measurements and fasting glucose levels and lipid profiles were measured. Body composition analysis was performed using the bioimpedence method and the BMD of the lumbar spine, femur neck, trochanter, ward's triangle, and total were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The mean age was 49.5 +/- 9.8 years, and among the subjects, 203 (51.5%) were pre-menopausal and 191 (48.5%) were post- menopausal women. Skeletal muscle mass, fat- free mass, lean body mass, and basal metabolic rate had a positive correlation with the lumbar and femur spine BMD, even after adjustment for age and weight in pre-menopausal women. The abdominal fat ratio, fat mass, waist circumference, percent fat, and total cholesterol had a negative correlation with the lumbar and femur spine BMD, even after adjustment for age and weight in pre-menopausal women. The lean body mass in the legs and trunk, skeletal muscle mass, and fat free mass had a positive correlation with the BMD of the lumbar spine and femur neck, unlike the lean body mass of the arms did not, after adjustment for age and weight in post-menopausal women. CONCLUSION: In pre- and post-menopausal Korean women, body composition, lean body mass, fat -free mass, and skeletal muscle mass were positive correlates, and fat mass and percent fat were negative correlates with the lumbar spine and femur BMD.

An Equation of Calculating Oxygen Consumption of Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To establish an equation of oxygen consumption in obese children and adolescents by multilevel linear model analytical method. Methods Sixty obese children and adolescents aged 11-16 years were randomly divided into the formula group(n=40) and back substitution verification group(n=20), with equal male and female. Subjects in formula group started exercise in the speed of 2km/h, increased lKm/h every 2.5 minutes till 8km/h, without gradient in treadmill and 80% HRmax was set as standard of exercise termination. Gaseous metabolism parameter and heart rate were measured for the set up of multiple linear regression equation of oxygen consumption. Back substitution verification was also made. Results Males' R~2 was 0.795 and females' R~2 was 0.75 in regression equation; oxygen consumption had a linear relationship (P0.001) with HR and LBM; The significance of variation coefficient and constants were obvious. The regression equation were set up as male:oxygen consumption(ml/min)=20.098xheart rate(bmp)+25.160×LBM(kg)-2935.835 and female: oxygen consumption(ml/min)=19.863xheart rate(bmp)+26.551×LBM(kg)-2675.676. The predictive value of oxygen consumption of the average relative error was 6.84%～8.72% in male, and 6.53%～8.23% in female. Conclusion The multiple regression equation of oxygen consumption with heart rate and body weight as independent variables might be applied in the calculation of the oxygen consumption of physical activity in obese children and adolescents.

Association of serum testosterone with lean body mass, body fat content, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal females / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To determine the relationship between serum testosterone level and lean body mass, body fat content, and bone mineral density (BMD) . Methods The study involved 185 healthy females in Changsha, aged 45 ～81. Fasting serum testosterone was measured by radioimmu-noassay. Hologic QDR 4500A fan beam X-ray bone densitometer was used to measure the BMD of anteroposterior lumber (AP, L_(1～4)) and total hip, to measure the bone mineral content, BMD, body fat content and muscle tissue weight of head, trunk, ribs, pelvis, spine, upper limbs, lower limbs and the total body. Body weight, lean body mass and body fat percentage were calculated. SPSS 11.0 software was used to conduct regression analysis. Results (1) Serum testosterone showed no correlation with lean body mass, body fat content, and body fat percentage. (2) Serum testosterone was positively related with the BMD of lumbar spine and hip, but showed no correlation with the BMD after adjustment of age and years since postmenopause. (3) Lean body mass showed significant positive correlation with the BMD of different sites. Total body fat content showed positive correlation with the BMD of total hip, while body fat percentage showed negative correlation with the BMD of the whole body. Conclusion Keeping lean body mass benefits postmenopausal women to maintain bone mineral content, and taking androgen should still be cautious.

Body composition alterarions, energy expenditure and fat oxidation in elderly males suffering from prostate cancer, pre and post orchiectomy

INTRODUCTION: Testosterone is needed for normal male development, muscle strength, bone mineralization, hematopoietic function, and sexual and reproductive functions. The main purpose of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer is to reduce tumor progression, but therapy is often accompanied by significant adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition and resting metabolic rate in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the body composition of 16 elderly males (aged 63-96; median age 71) with prostate cancer scheduled for orchiectomy, one year before and after surgery. Body composition was measured by DEXA, and energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Body weight (p=0.01), lean mass (p=0.004), and lipid oxidation (p=0.001) decreased significantly. Carbohydrate oxidation (p=0.02), FSH (p=0.0001) and LH (p=0.0001) levels increased significantly. Changes in fat mass (p=0.06) and bone mineral density (p=0.48) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy, elderly men with metastatic prostate cancer exhibit a decline in lean body mass and lipid oxidation, together with increased carbohydrate oxidation.