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Objective To compare the efficacy and efficiency of simulation-based training of flexible fibreoptic intubation in novices with virtual reality simulator.Methods A total of 46 anaesthesia residents in their first stage of training in anaesthesiology with no experience in flexible fibreoptic intubation at Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled in the study,and were divided into 2 groups randomly,which were virtual reality simulator group (group S,n=23) and manikin group (group M,n=23).The group S was then trained for 25 times on simulator,while the group M did the same processes on manikin.After training,participants in both groups had their performance assessed with the fibrescope evaluated through the oral route using a simulation manikin,who were instructed to attempt to advance the fibrescope 5 consecutive times to view the carina in the shortest amount of time.The time required to view the carina of each practice during training in both groups were recorded as pooled data to construct group learning curves with the application of SPSS 20.0.By using repeated measures analysis of variance and Ttest,the procedure time and global rating scale (GRS) of fibreoptic bronchoscope manipulation ability were compared between groups,so did the participant's confidence between before and after the training both within-subjects and between-subjects.Results The plateaus in the learning curves were achieved after 19 (15,26) practice sessions in group S and 24 (19,31) in group M,respectively.There was no significant difference in the procedure time [(13.7 ± 6.6) s and (11.9 ±4.1) s] and GRS [(3.9 ±0.4) vs.(3.7 ±0.3)]between groups.There were significant increases in participant's confidences in both groups after training [group S:(1.8 ± 0.5) vs.(3.9 ± 0.6),t=10.928,P=0.000;group M:(2.0 ± 0.7) vs.(3.9 ± 0.5),t=15.306,P=0.000],but there was no significant difference between groups.Conclusion The simulation-based training of flexible fibreoptic intubation in novices with virtual reality simulator is more efficient than the one with manikin,but the similar effects can be achieved in both modalities,after adequate trainings.In the related training a balance between time cost and economic cost should be considered and the appropriate teaching methods and forms should be taken.
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Introduction: Upper endoscopy (UE) is one the most common diagnostic medical procederes. While UE is safe, it is not free of complications. Structured training programs could help to ensure technical quality and adequate safety standars. Objective: To describe a standardized training program in diagnostic UE in a simulated and a clinical environment. Methods: Gastroenterology residents of the following areas: pediatrics, adults, digestive surgery, and family medicine, without previous experience in UE, were trained in a simulated environment followed by a stage of supervised clinical practice. The achievement of 4 pre-established key-goals in UE were assessed (esophageal intubation, pylorus trespassing, second portion of the duodenum trespassing, and gastric retroversion), and learning curves were constructed. Results: Eight residents completed the simulated training sessions, followed by 130 UE performed during their clinical training. Initially, the most difficult goal to be achieved was the esophageal intubation with only 12.5 percent during the first 10 sessions, and it was statistically significant compared to the other endoscopic goals (gastric retroversion: 63.8 percent second portion of the duodenum trespassing: 46.3 percent; and pylorus trespassing: 62.5 percent p < 0.001). The learning curves were flat between 80 to 90 UE for the 4 endoscopic goals, and no complications were observed in 1,040 procedures. Conclusion: The endoscopic program reduces the training time in a manner that is efficient and safe for the patient. Simulation models could be useful to improve the trainees performance in more difficult stages in their training process.
Introducción: La endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) diagnóstica es uno de los procedimientos médicos más solicitados en la práctica clínica habitual y si bien es una técnica segura no está exenta de complicaciones. Programas de entrenamiento estructurados podrían ayudar a garantizar un procedimiento de calidad y con adecuados estándares de seguridad. Objetivo: Describir un programa estandarizado de entrenamiento en EDA diagnóstica en un ambiente simulado y clínico. Métodos: residentes de los programas de gastroenterología adultos, pediátrica, cirugía digestiva y medicina familiar, sin experiencia en EDA, fueron sometidos a un programa de entrenamiento simulado, seguido de una etapa de práctica clínica supervisada. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de 4 hitos preestablecidos (intubación esofágica, paso del píloro, paso a la segunda porción duodenal y retrovisión) y se confeccionaron curvas de aprendizaje. Resultados: Ocho residentes completaron la etapa de simulación y realizaron 130 EDA durante la etapa clínica. Inicialmente el hito más difícil de cumplir fue la intubación esofágica, logrado sólo en el 12,5 por ciento en las primera 10 sesiones, existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con los otros hitos (retrovisión: 63,8 por ciento paso a la segunda porción duodenal: 46,3 por ciento y paso del píloro: 62,5 por ciento; p < 0,001). El aplanamiento de la curva de aprendizaje fue alcanzado entre la endoscopía 80 y 90 de forma comparable para los 4 hitos, sin complicaciones en 1.040 procedimientos. Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento reduce el tiempo de entrenamiento de manera eficiente y segura para los pacientes. Modelos de simulación podrían servir para mejorar el rendimiento en etapas de mayor dificultad.
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Humans , Child , Adult , Education, Medical/methods , Endoscopy, Digestive System/education , Learning CurveABSTRACT
Objective To compare medical students' learning curve between Macintosh laryngoscope and optical laryngoscope in endotracheal intubation and to decide which one is more suitable for novice personnel.Methods Totally 26 interns after being trained by experienced anesthesiologists were enrolled in this study.They performed intubation on 6 patients by using both Macintosh laryngoscope and optical laryngoscope ( each laryngoscope for 3 patients) under the supervision of experienced anesthesiologists.The sequence of laryngoscope was determined by computer-generated random number list.Results Totally 149 patients who were ready to receive surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized crossover controlled study.Duration of intubation was significantly shorter in Airtraq group (78 -± 33 ) s than in Macintosh group (114 ± 32) s,P ＜ 0.001.Intubation success rate was significantly higher in Airtraq group than in Macintosh group ( 87.8％ vs.66.7％,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions With the advantages of rapid learning curve,higher intubation success rate and shorter intubation duration,Airtraq laryngoscope is easier to master for novice personnel.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colonoscopy training programs and the minimal experience with colonoscopy required to be considered technically competent are not well established. The aim of this study was to determine the colonoscopy learning curves and factors associated with this difficult procedure at a single center. METHODS: A total of 3,243 colonoscopies were performed by 12 first-year gastroenterology fellows, and various clinical factors were assessed prospectively for 22 months. Acquisition of competence (success rate) was evaluated based on two objective criteria: (i) the adjusted completion rate (>90%) and (ii) cecal intubation time (20 minutes). Surgery of the uterus and ovaries was significantly correlated with delayed cecal intubation time, but not after sufficient colonoscopy experience. CONCLUSIONS: The minimum number of procedures to reach technical competence was 200. The cecal intubation time was longer in female and older patients.