Monitoria acadêmica no curso de medicina: o desenvolvimento de um ensino híbrido como estratégia para integrar o discente ingressante em tempos pós pandêmicos: um relato de experiência / Academic monitoring in the medical course: the development of a hybrid teaching as a strategy to integrate the entering student in post-pandemic times: an experience report / Seguimiento académico en la carrera de medicina: el desarrollo de una enseñanza híbrida como estrategia de integración del alumno de nuevo ingreso en tiempos post- pandémicos: relato de una experiencia

No período pós pandêmico o retorno às aulas se deu em modelos distintos, dentre eles, o híbrido, capaz de utilizar da melhor forma os recursos presentes, tanto na educação presencial, quanto na não-presencial. O presente trabalho é um relato de experiência com o objetivo de descrever a participação, como discente monitor, de três acadêmicos do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino- Americana no projeto "Monitoria Acadêmica em Programa de Integração Ensino Serviço Comunidade I como estratégia para integrar o estudante ingressante", relatando o uso de ferramentas digitais no ensino híbrido como método de superação das barreiras temporais e espaciais e de engajamento discente. Nesse sentido, evidenciou-se maior flexibilidade de acesso dos discentes ingressantes à monitoria acadêmica pela introdução do ensino híbrido, contribuindo para o processo de adaptação à vida acadêmica. Ainda, o uso de ferramentas digitais se mostrou um facilitador do processo de sistematização e internalização das informações e vivências. Por fim, o fator de maior relevância na integração dos discentes foi a promoção de ambientes abertos a questionamentos com coordenação horizontal e rede de apoio, sejam eles presenciais ou não.

In the post-pandemic period, the return to classes took place in different models, among them the hybrid model, capable of making the best use of the resources present in both face-to-face and non-presential education. The present work is an experi- ence report with the objective of describing the participation, as a student monitor, of three students from the Medicine course of the Federal University of Latin American Integration in the project "Academic Monitoring in the Program for Integration Teaching- Community Service I as a strategy to integrate the entering student", reporting the use of digital tools in hybrid teaching as a method to overcome temporal and spatial barriers and to engage the students. In this sense, there was evidence of greater flexibility of access of the incoming students to academic monitoring through the introduction of hybrid tea- ching, contributing to the process of adaptation to academic life. Still, the use of digital tools proved to be a facilitator of the process of systematization and internalization of information and experiences. Finally, the most relevant factor in the integration of stu- dents was the promotion of open environments with horizontal coordination and support network, whether face-to-face or not.

En el período post-pandémico, el regreso a clases se dio en diferentes mo- delos, entre ellos el híbrido, capaz de aprovechar al máximo los recursos presentes en la enseñanza presencial y no presencial. El presente trabajo es un relato de experiencia con el objetivo de describir la participación, como alumno monitor, de tres estudiantes del curso de Medicina de la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana en el pro- yecto "Seguimiento Académico en Programa de Integración Docente Servicio Comuni- tario I como estrategia de integración del alumno ingresante", dando cuenta del uso de herramientas digitales en la educación híbrida como método de superación de las barreras temporales y espaciales y de compromiso del alumno. En este sentido, se evidenció una mayor flexibilidad de acceso de los estudiantes al seguimiento académico por la introdu- cción de la enseñanza híbrida, contribuyendo al proceso de adaptación a la vida acadé- mica. Aún así, el uso de herramientas digitales demostró ser un facilitador del proceso de sistematización e internalización de información y experiencias. Finalmente, el factor más relevante en la integración de los estudiantes fue la promoción de ambientes abiertos al cuestionamiento con coordinación horizontal y red de apoyo, presencial o no.

The application and research of using "creating significant learning experiences" in medical general education curriculum / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To improve the phenomenon of low participation and lack of innovation in education mode in general medical education elective courses, we have applied "creating significant learning experiences" to the design and implementation of medical general education curriculum, starting from six dimensions of learning including basic knowledge, application, synthesis, humanistic dimension, humanistic care, and learning to learn, setting learning goals, developing assessment tools and finally choosing teaching methods, thus forming a closed-loop teaching. And through the curriculum reform, collection of feedback and collation of data, the teaching activities designed according to this method fully meet and serve the teaching purposes, and assessment methods become more diverse and the content is more comprehensive, which reflects the multi-dimensional evaluation of the needs of general education.

Aplicabilidade da teoria da experiência da aprendizagem mediada de reuven feuerstein na educação a distância / Applicability of the Reuven Feuerstein mediated learning experience theory in distance education

O artigo apresenta a abordagem de Reuven Feuerstein e a técnica da Experiência da Aprendizagem Mediada (EAM) relacionando sua aplicação na Educação a Distância (EAD). A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada nas obras de Bertelli (2002), Da Roz (2004), Gomes (2002), Fonseca (2000), Meier & Garcia (2007), entre outros estudiosos da teoria de Feuerstein. Comporta o relato da experiência levada a efeito no decorrer da disciplina Mediação e Avaliação na EAD, no Curso de Aperfeiçoamento em EAD no âmbito da UAB/UFMG, em 2012, com a produção de material didático e formação de tutores. Busca apresentar a EAM e suas implicações para as práticas educacionais do tutor na EAD. Conclui-se que a utilização dos critérios de mediação com os alunos de cursos online, voltada para o êxito na assimilação de conteúdos e para a formação de valores socioculturais, tende a colaborar para uma aprendizagem que atende às demandas atuais por sujeitos que sejam capazes de aprender autonomamente em um mundo com intenso fluxo de informação possibilitado pelas tecnologias.

The article presents the Reuven Feuerstein approach and the Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) technique relating its application in Distance Education (DE). A bibliographic review was carried out in the works of Bertelli, (2002), Da Roz (2004), Gomes (2002), Fonseca (2000), Meier and Garcia (2007) among other scholars of Feuerstein's theory. It includes the report of the experience carried out during the course of Mediation and Evaluation in the DE, in the Course of Improvement in DE in the ambit of UAB / UFMG, in 2012, with the production of didactic material and training of tutors. It seeks to present the Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) and its implications for the tutor's educational practices in DE. It is concluded that the use of the criteria of mediation with students of online courses, focused on the success in the assimilation of contents and the formation of socio-cultural values, tends to collaborate to a learning that meets the current demands by subjects who are able to learn autonomously in a world with intense flow of information enabled by technologies.

Effect of Argumentation Instruction on Medical Student Experiences with Problem-Based Learning / 의학교육논단

When participating in problem-based learning (PBL), it is important for medical students to generate claims and provide justifications for their claims in small group discussions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of argumentation instruction on medical student learning experiences with PBL. A total of one hundred first-year preclinical students from Inje University College of Medicine, who had attended argumentation instruction, participated in this study. All of the participants completed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire regarding their learning experiences with PBL, before and after the argumentation instruction. The questionnaire comprised 22 items with eight subcategories: argumentation activity, reflection, integration of basic and clinical science, identification of lack of knowledge, logical thinking, self-directed study, communication, and attitude toward discussion. The collected data were analyzed through a paired-sample t-test. The results of this study found that the argumentation instruction promoted the preclinical students' experiences with argumentation activities, reflection, an integration of basic and clinical science, the identification of their lack of knowledge, logical thinking, and self-directed study, and it increased positive attitudes toward group discussion. The findings suggest argumentation instruction can enhance medical student group discussions and help students achieve the objectives of PBL, including acquisition of basic and clinical science knowledge and development of clinical reasoning and self-directed learning abilities, which can highlight the meaningful learning experiences students have with PBL.

Rol mediador de aprendizajes en educación parvularia: procesos de apropiación en el contexto de una propuesta formativa en experiencia de aprendizaje mediado / Mediating role of learning in early childhood education: appropriation processes in the context of a training proposal mediated learning experience

El desarrollo del rol mediador juega un rol clave en educación parvularia. Sin embargo, se ha discutido acerca de cómo formar este rol y cuáles son sus implicancias en el desarrollo profesional de las educadoras de párvulos, en un contexto en donde las investigaciones ponen el acento en la brecha de calidad del sector, expresado en bajos niveles de apoyo pedagógico en el aula, evidencias de aprendizaje memorístico y baja calidad en la interacción mediada. El presente artículo analiza a través de un análisis categorial, cómo las educadoras de párvulos participantes de un programa formativo en experiencia de aprendizaje mediado, comprenden los procesos de apropiación del rol mediador de aprendizaje. Los resultados dan cuenta de ocho dimensiones analíticas en las que se rescatan: autobservación y desarrollo profesional, concientización sobre los procesos de aprendizaje, problematizar la propia práctica; retroalimentación entre pares; protagonismo infantil; la propia agencia de la educadora; autonomía profesional y pensamiento crítico; confianza y escucha activa; investigación-acción como ejercicio permanente.

The mediating role is a key objective in preschool education. However, it has been discussed how to build this role and what are its implications for the professional development of preschool teaching, in a context where research is focused on the quality gap in the sector, expressed in low levels of educational support in the classroom, evidence of rote learning and low quality in mediated interaction. This article analyzes how preschool teachers who participate in a training program of mediated learning experience, understand processes of formation and appropriation of the mediating role. The results collected in this investigation show eight analytical dimensions: self-observation of practices; awareness of learning processes; the question of one’s own practice; peer feedback; the notion of child prominence; one’s own educational agency; trust and active listening and action-research as a permanent practice.

Un modelo pedagógico para la educación ambienta desde la perspectiva de la modificabilidad estructural cognitiva / A pedagogical model for enviromental education from the perspective of the cognitive structural modifiability

El artículo tiene como objetivo formular un modelo pedagógico para la educación ambiental atendiendo a la urgencia de crear mecanismos e instrumentos que contribuyan con el desarrollo sostenible del planeta. Para ello, se abordan los principales aspectos teóricos sobre educación, pedagogía, modelos pedagógicos y corrientes de la educación ambiental. Para el diseño se ha analizado e incorporado en el modelo la teoría de la Modificabilidad Estructural Cognitiva y la Experiencia de Aprendizaje Mediado del Reueven Feuerstein. El diseño responde a las exigencias de la sociedad actual y a una perspectiva del medio ambiente desde diversos enfoques. Asimismo, plantea un rol del maestro y del educando como agentes dinamizadores de la construcción del conocimiento y la modificación de conductas responsables con el medio ambiente.

The objective of this article is to formulate a pedagogical model for environmental education in response to the urgent need to create mechanisms and instruments that contribute to global sustainable development. To do so, the main theoretical aspects of education, pedagogy, pedagogical models and trends in environmental education are addressed. The Structural Cognitive Modifiability and Mediated Learning Experience Reueven Feuerstein theories have been analyzed and incorporated in the design. The design responds to the demands of modern society and to an environmental perspective from different approaches. Likewise, the role of teacher and the role of the learner as revitalizing agents of knowledge construction and modification of responsible behaviors with the environment are described.

Study of learning experiences of expert public health physicians / 医学教育

Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the learning processes of expert public health physicians.<br>Research questions: The research questions were as follows. 1） What kind of learning experiences do public health physicians have? What do they learn from these experiences? 2） What kind of thoughts do they have? How do they form these thoughts?<br>Methods: Ten expert public health physicians, who had worked as public servants for more than 10 years, had worked in an administrative position, and had been recommended by colleague public health physicians, were interviewed with a semistructured interview form. The data were analyzed on the basis of the Grounded Theory Approach.<br>Results: Regarding these physicians’ learning experiences, during medical school and residency they learned the importance of public health from senior public health physicians, as hospital physicians they learned about primary care from patients with psychiatric illnesses and intractable illnesses, and as public servants they learned lessons in 11 categories though events in 13 categories.<br>  Regarding thoughts about public health, 4 categories were found; self-related thoughts, patient-related thoughts, social-related thoughts, and organization-related thoughts. The social-related thoughts were of central importance.<br>Conclusions: The learning experiences of expert public health physicians were clarified. Theoretical implications are considered on the basis of theories of achieving expertise and learning experiences.

Mediação e conceitos cotidianos: os aportes de Feuerstein e Vygotsky para investigar as dificuldades de aprendizagem / Mediation and everyday concepts: the contributions of Feuerstein and Vygotsky to investigate learning difficulties / Mediación y conceptos cotidianos: las contribuciones de Feuerstein y Vygotsky para investigar las dificultades de aprendizaje

A pesquisa propôs analisar, com base nos referenciais teóricos de Feuerstein e Vygotsky, as dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentadas por duas crianças (meninos, gêmeos de 10 anos, no 3º ano do ensino fundamental). As ideias centrais assumidas desses autores são referentes à mediação e formação de conceitos. A investigação prática desenvolveuse durante um semestre e organizou-se a partir de observação de aulas, intervenção pedagógica (atendimento educacional) com as crianças e entrevistas com os professores e a mãe. Tomando os princípios teóricos adotados como possibilidade de interpretação e compreensão do caso, evidenciou-se que a escassez de experiências de aprendizagem mediada acarretou incipiente desenvolvimento dos conceitos cotidianos nas duas crianças e que esses conceitos estão também na raiz das dificuldades escolares que elas enfrentam...

The proposed research is an analysis of learning difficulties presented by two children - 10 year-old twin boys, in the 3rd year of primary school - from the Vygotsky and Feuerstein's theoretical framework. The central ideas by these authors are refer to mediation and concept formation. Research practice was developed during one semester and was organized by observing lessons, pedagogical intervention (educational services) with the children and interviews with their teachers and mother. Taking the theoretical principles adopted as a possibility for interpretation and understanding of the case, it became clear that the lack of mediated learning experiences led to incipient development of everyday concepts in both children and that these concepts were also at the root of learning difficulties they faced...

La investigación se propone analizar las dificultades de aprendizaje presentadas por dos niños (gemelos de 10 años, de 3º de primaria) basados en el marco teórico de Vygotsky y Feuerstein. Las ideas centrales de estos autores se refieren a la mediación y la formación de conceptos. La investigación práctica se desarrolló a lo largo de un semestre y se organizó a partir de la observación en clase, intervención pedagógica (servicios educativos) con los niños y entrevistas con los profesores y su madre. Tomando los principios teóricos adoptados como posibilidad para la interpretación y comprensión del caso, se hizo evidente que la falta de experiencias de aprendizaje mediado supuso incipiente desarrollo de los conceptos cotidianos en los niños y que estos conceptos también están en la raíz de las dificultades escolares que enfrentan...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Learning Experience, Knowledge, and Performance in Newly Graduated Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning experience, knowledge, and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in newly graduated nurses, and to identify differences related to learning experience. METHODS: The participants were 114 new nurses in the hospital. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included CPR learning experience. They were evaluated by a written test and a skill test using a manikin and check list. RESULTS: All participants attended CPR lectures and underwent practice while in university. Only 12.28% of participants were taught by a certified Basic Life Support (BLS) instructor. The mean scores of the written and skill tests were 79.82+/-12.69 and 64.41+/-11.71, respectively. The nurses lacked CPR knowledge related to checking breathing, the frequency of 30 chest compressions, compression rate, and automated external defibrillator use. They also lacked skill in performing CPR related to checking breathing and pulse and giving 2 breaths. CPR performance differed according to learning time (p=.047) and BLS educator (p=.029). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study reveal that CPR performance by newly graduated nurses is poor and suggest that CPR education by trained instructors, practice-based education, and reeducation programs must be provided to newly graduated nurses in the hospital.

Colonoscopic ultrasound is associated with a learning phenomenon despite previous rigid probe experience.

Colonoscopic ultrasound (CUS) enables total colonoscopic examination combined with staging of tumor. Rigid probe transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is reliable in assessing rectal cancer. Both the modalities are associated with an initial learning curve. We evaluated the predictability CUS in preoperative staging of rectal cancer during the learning curve, despite experience with TRUS. Forty-four patients with non-obstructing rectal cancer were assessed by colonoscopy and colonic ultrasound using a 7.5 MHz rotating transducer. Accuracy of ultrasound staging was compared with pathological staging. Tumor staging and nodal staging at pathology and ultrasound were named pT, pN and uT, uN, respectively. The pathological staging was pT1 in two (4.5%), pT2 in 16 (36%), pT3 in 21 (48%) and pT4 in five (11.5%) rectal cancer specimens. CUS understaged the tumor in 11 cases and overstaged it in 10 cases. Overall, the positive predictive value was 61%, negative predictive value 73%, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 73%. Lymph nodes were not visualized in 14. The overall un-weighted kappa of CUS staging of RC was 0.18 (poor). The predictive value in tumor staging of CUS is suboptimal in the learning phase, despite previous experience with TRUS.