ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Caracterizar las enfermedades oftalmológicas que causan diversidad funcional visual en los estudiantes del Centro de Recursos y Apoyo "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal realizado en enero, 2017. Las variables investigadas fueron: edad, sexo, grado de escolaridad, antecedentes prenatales, diagnóstico oftalmológico principal, enfermedades asociadas, síndromes oftalmológicos, agudeza visual mejor corregida, defecto refractivo, ayudas ópticas y no ópticas utilizadas. Resultados: La muestra quedó conformada por 66 estudiantes (95,6 por ciento de los matriculados), predominaron las edades entre 10-14 años, para ambos sexos. De ellos, 24 estudiantes eran ciegos totales (36,4 por ciento). El astigmatismo hipermetrópico compuesto fue la ametropía primaria más frecuente. Las ayudas ópticas y no ópticas son utilizadas por la mayoría de los alumnos. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades oculares más frecuentes causantes de baja visión fueron la catarata congénita y la atrofia del nervio óptico. Las ayudas ópticas y no ópticas son empleadas con la colaboración de la rehabilitadora y los maestros(AU)
Objective: To characterize the ophthalmologic diseases that cause visual functional diversity in students of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" Resource and Support Center. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in January, 2017. The variables investigated were: age, gender, school grade, prenatal history, main ophthalmologic diagnosis, associated diseases, ophthalmologic syndromes, best corrected visual acuity, refractive defect, optical and non-optical aids used. Results: The sample consisted of 66 students (95.6 percent of those enrolled), predominantly aged 10-14 years, for both genders. Out of these, 24 students were totally blind (36.4 percent). Compound hyperopic astigmatism was the most frequent primary ametropia. Optical and non-optical aids were used by most of the students. Conclusions: The most frequent ocular diseases causing low vision were congenital cataract and optic nerve atrophy. Optical and non-optical aids are used with the collaboration of the rehabilitator and teachers(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Vision, Low , Refractive Errors , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a acurácia entre a acuidade visual com melhor correção óptica em pacientes com retinopatia diabética e acuidade visual com correção óptica menor ou igual a 20/200 em ambos os olhos mensurada pela tabela de Snellen e pela tabela ETDRS, além da avaliação do tempo de leitura com tabela de leitura de Jaeger. Métodos: Estudo observacional e transversal. ormação de Grupos de Pesquisa: o Grupo I foi formado por pacientes com acuidade visual de 20/200 e o Grupo II, por pacientes com acuidade visual maior de 20/200. Os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram subdivididos em aqueles com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa e os com retinopatia diabética proliferativa. As variáveis pesquisadas foram sexo, idade, tabela ETDRS nos subgrupos (igual a 20/200, igual a 20/400 e maior de 20/200 e 20/400) e tempo de leitura da tabela de Jaeger para perto. O índice de significância estatística deste estudo foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 62 pacientes diabéticos, sendo 33 com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa e 29 com retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Dentre os pacientes com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa, 19 tinham acuidade visual com melhor correção óptica de 20/200 (30,6% da amostra), e 13 pacientes eram portadores de retinopatia diabética proliferativa com acuidade visual com melhor correção óptica de 20/200 (20,9% da amostra). A correlação entre a tabela Snellen e a tabela ETDRS revelou que 16 pacientes (25,8% da amostra) com cegueira legal apresentaram acuidade visual entre 20/180 e 20/120 segundo a tabela ETDRS. Para os pacientes portadores de retinopatia diabética não proliferativa com acuidade visual de 20/200 pela tabela ETDRS, houve tempo médio de leitura para perto da tabela de Jaeger de 23,6±1,4 segundos. Na análise estatística da acuidade visual mensurada com a Tabela de Snellen em comparação com a Tabela de Leitura para perto (Jaeger), mensurando tempo de leitura, ahouve significância estatística (p=0,04). Conclusão: Pacientes diabéticos com cegueira legal segundo a tabela de Snellen apresentam sua real capacidade visual residual subavaliada. É importante levar em consideração o tempo de leitura e o uso da tabela ETDRS para melhor acurácia.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the accuracy of best-corrected visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy to corrected visual acuity ≤ 20/200 in both eyes, measured by Snellen and ETDRS charts, in addition to evaluation of reading time by Jaeger chart. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study. Study Groups: Group I, patients with visual acuity 20/200, and Group II, patients with visual acuity >20/200. Patients were subdivided into those with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The study variables were sex, age, ETDRS chart in the subgroups (equal to 20/200; equal to 20/400 and greater than 20/200 and 20/400), and reading time by Jaeger chart on the near vision. The statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: A total of 62 diabetic patients participated in the study; in that, 33 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 29 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Among patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 19 had best-corrected visual acuity 20/200 (30.6% of sample), and 13 patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy with best-corrected visual acuity 20/200 (20.9% of sample). The correlation between the Snellen and ETDRS charts revealed 16 patients (25.8% of sample) with legal blindness presented visual acuity between 20/180 and 20/120, as per the ETDRS chart. For patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with visual acuity 20/200 measured by the ETDRS chart, the mean reading time to near vision was 23.6±1.4 seconds, as measured by Jaeger chart. In the statistical analysis, the comparison of visual acuity measured by Snellen chart, with the reading chart to near vision (Jaeger) measuring reading time, was statistically significant (p=0.04). Conclusion: Diabetic patients with legal blindness as per Snellen chart showed their real underestimated residual visual capacity. It is important to consider reading time and use of the ETDRS chart for better accuracy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Reading , Visual Acuity/physiology , Blindness , Diabetic Retinopathy , Vision Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Introduction: The diabetic blindness can be prevented by upto 90%, in the early stages of the disease. At the time ofdiagnosing type two, 21% of them have retinopathy. After 20years of diabetes; the retinopathy affects 60% of type 2 andapproximately all of type 1 diabetic population.Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study comprisedof 1784 diabetic patients. Their vision assessed according tothe international classification of controlling blindness as legallyblind (visual acuity=< 20/200) or socially blind. For thispurpose, the Snellen Eye Chart used at a fixed distance of 20feet. Patients were checked regularly when checkup missed;excluded from the study.Result: About 46% of the diabetic population did not knowwhen their diabetes started with a p-value 0.000, which is avery highly significant correlation. Regarding patientsinformation how to control their diabetes; 82% of them did notknow how to handle the illness, and 76% did not know thedietary restrictions with a very highly significant p-value, thecorrelation between them and legal blindness. About 84.1%presented with legal blindness. After many interventions,37.9% remained legal blindness, but 62.1 improved. While 6%became socially blinded. Around 43.9% were unable to buy theanti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, with a p-value= 0.000. About 87.2 % of patients did not perform HbA1Ctwo times per year with very highly significant with the legallyblind.Conclusion: Lack of education program, patient's informationabout the disease, non-referrals, economic crisis and theunavailability of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; allcollectively created a blinded diabetic population.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir las características clínico epidemiológicas de la Toxoplasmosis ocular activa, enpacientes del Servicio de Úvea del Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología (INO), desde el 2003 hasta el 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se utilizaron 1498 historiasclínicas de pacientes del servicio de Úvea del Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología desde enero del 2003hasta octubre del 2007. Se obtuvieron 210 historias con diagnóstico de Toxoplasmosis ocular, siendo excluidos del estudio 109 pacientes por presentar: 16 IgG toxoplasma negativo, 46 sin coriorretinitis exudativa activa, 45 sin IgG toxoplasma y dos con opacidad vítrea intensa. La ceguera legal fue definida como la mejor agudeza visual corregida en el ojo afectado, menor o igual a 20/200. Se utilizaron comovariables: la edad, sexo, lugar de nacimiento y procedencia, características clínicas, tiempo de seguimiento, tiempo de inactivación de la lesión, complicaciones y agudeza visual final. Resultados: De 99 pacientes(102 ojos), el 55,56% fueron del sexo masculino. El grupo etario mayormente comprometido fueel de 21-30 años (31,31%). El 96,97% presentó lesión unilateral. La localización más frecuente fue la perifé-rica (61,90%). La complicación más frecuente: lesiones maculares (23,53%). El 7,07% de pacientes fue VIH(+), sin diferencias en la presentación clínica con respecto a los otros pacientes. Conclusiones: Lafrecuencia de Toxoplasmosis Ocular fue de 14,02%, inferior a los reportes mundiales (22,5%), lapresentación clínica-epidemiológica fue similar a la descrita en la literatura, mayormente en nacidos enel interior del país, en la tercera década de la vida, afección ocular unilateral y localización periférica de lalesión retinal. (AU)
Objective: To describe clinical - epidemiological characteristics of the ocular active toxoplasmosis, in patients of Uvea's Service of the National Institute of Ophthalmology, from 2003 to 2007. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study, which used 1498 patient records Uveal Service National Eye Institute from January 2003 to October 2007 as an information source. Were 210 patients obtained with diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Were 109 patients excluded: 16 IgG toxoplasma negative, 46 without exudative chorioretinitis activate, 45 without IgG toxoplasma, 02 with intense vitreous opacity. Legal blindness was definite to the best visual keenness corrected in the affected, minor eye or like 20/200. Variables were used as age, sex, place of birth and origin, clinical characteristics, time of follow-up, time of unactivation of the injury, complications and visual final keenness. Results: From 99 patients (102 eyes), 55.56 %. The age group mainly damaged was from 21 to 30 years old (31.31 %). 96.97 % showed unilateral injury. The most frequent location: peripheral (61.90 %).The most frequent complication: cataract (8.82 %). 7.07 % were HIV (+), without differences in the clinical presentation regarding the other patients. Conclusions: The predominance of the ocular Toxoplasmosis was 14.02 %, lower than the world reports (22.5 %).The clinical - epidemiologic presentation was similar to that described in the documentation, where the unilateral ocular condition and the peripheral location of the retinal injury affected to those born inside the country (Lima-Callao), in the third decade of the life. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/epidemiology , Peru , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico de la retinopatía diabética en el municipio Marianao, en el periodo de agosto - noviembre de 2007. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por los 7 693 diabéticos dispensarizados en el municipio Marianao. Se realizó interrogatorio y examen oftalmológico a los 150 pacientes incluidos en la muestra. Además se tomó fotografía de fondo, angiografía fluoresceínica y tomografía de coherencia óptica a aquellos que lo precisaban. Resultados: La prevalencia de retinopatía diabética fue de un 16,0 %. Se encontró con más frecuencia entre los 55 a 64 años de edad (20,0 %), con predominio en los diabéticos tipo 1 (28,6 %). Se evidenció un incremento de la retinopatía diabética con el aumento del tiempo de duración de la diabetes. Se observó tendencia a las formas menos severas y se encontró mayor severidad en ojos de pacientes con 21 años o más de evolución. El 4,7 % de los pacientes presentaban edema macular diabético y el 4,0 % ceguera legal. La retinopatía diabética y la catarata constituyeron las causas más frecuentes de ceguera, 1,3 % respectivamente. Conclusión: La prevalencia de retinopatía diabética y ceguera por esta enfermedad, mostró cifras inferiores a las recogidas en estudios previos. Con el aumento del tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mellitus se observó una mayor severidad de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético.
Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological behavior of diabetic retinopathy in Marianao municipality in the period of August to November, 2007 Methods: A single-phase, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 7693 diabetic adults was carried out from August 2007 to November 2007 in Marianao municipality. The sample of 150 adults with diabetes was questioned and examined from the ophthalmological viewpoint. Additionally, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed on those patients who required so. Results: Diabetic retinopathy prevalence was 16,0 % and it was more frequent in patients aged from 55 to 64 years (20,0 %) and in patients suffering from diabetes type 1 (28,6 %). The length of time suffering from diabetes mellitus had an impact on the increased diabetic retinopathy. There was a tendency toward less severe forms of the disease, although more severity was found in patients who had had this disease for 21 years or more. About 4,7 % and 4 % of the patients presented macular diabetic edema and legal blindness respectively. Diabetic retinopathy and cataract were the most frequent causes of blindness (1,3 % both). Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness caused by this illness showed figures lower than those collected in previous studies. The longer the time of evolution of diabetes, the more severe forms of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema found.