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1.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(1): 78-84, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-578837

ABSTRACT

Current evidence suggests that in Hetaerina damselflies males exhibit lek mating system. In this study, in order to answer if the same occurs in Hetaerina rosea Selys, we manipulated vegetation substrates used as territories and quantified the number of visiting females, males defending territories and fight intensity. We also examined whether body size and wing pigmentation are selectable traits in male-male competition, and if age affects male territorial behavior. Our results showed that males with larger pigmented areas won more contests, independently of body size. Old males changed from territoriality to sneaking strategy. Contrary to other Hetaerina species, males of H. rosea do not display lek behavior, but defend resources according to the resource defense polygyny strategy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Behavior, Animal , Insecta/anatomy & histology , Insecta/physiology , Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology , Age Factors , Pigmentation
2.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 10(4): 339-342, Oct.-Dec. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-578512

ABSTRACT

Behavioral studies of birds have reported several functions for active anting. Maintenance of plumage and prevention from ectoparasites are some examples. In this context, anting by males may be of particular importance in a classical lek mating system, where male-male competition is common and individuals with higher fitness may be more successful at attracting of females. In the present note, I describe the anting behavior of White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus) and I relate it to lek breeding and feeding (frugivory) habits of the species. Males used up to seven Solenopsis sp. ants. They rubbed each small ant from 4 to 31 times on undertail feathers until the ants were degraded; ants were not eaten. Males then searched for a new ant in the court. Seeds discarded by males on their individual display courts attract herbivorous ants that are used for anting as a way to maintain feathers and fitness. I hypothesize that anting in White-bearded Manakin may increase the probability of males to attract females to their display courts.


Estudos sobre comportamento de aves têm reportado várias funções para o ato de formicar-se. A manutenção de plumagem e prevenção de ectoparasitas são alguns exemplos. Nesse contexto, o comportamento de formicar-se em machos alcança importância maior em um sistema de lek clássico, onde a competição sexual entre machos é comum e indivíduos com boa condição física podem ter mais sucesso na atração de fêmeas. Na presente nota, eu descrevo o comportamento de formicar-se da rendeira (Manacus manacus) relacionando-o com os hábitos frugívoro e reprodução em lek da espécie. Os machos utilizaram até sete formigas Solenopsis sp. durante o comportamento de formicar-se. Eles esfregaram cada formiga entre 4 a 31 vezes em suas penas caudais inferiores até a completa degradação das formigas, sem ingerí-las. Posteriormente, os machos procuraram por uma nova formiga em suas arenas. As sementes descartadas por machos em suas arenas de exibição atraem formigas herbívoras que são utilizadas para formicarem-se como uma forma de manutenção de penas e de boa condição física. Provavelmente, o comportamento de formicar-se colabora para o aumento da habilidade de machos na atração de fêmeas para suas arenas de exibição.

3.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 54(3): 436-440, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562184

ABSTRACT

Polythoridae comprise a widespread group of species in the New World tropics, but little is known about their behavior or life history. Here, we described the reproductive behavior of Amazonian Chalchopteryx rutilans, using mark-recapture techniques. Males were resident and territorial, though we found disputes (complex flight manoeuvres) to be rare. Trunks (rotting wood) were important to male persistence in sites, as these are the locations preferred by females for oviposition. The mating system of C. rutilans may be comparable to the resource limitation category, described by Conrad & Pritchard (1992), where males cannot control female access to oviposition sites. So, female choice becomes important and apparently, the observed displays (in which males flash the coppery coloration of their hind wings) may be related to attraction of females to territories, as in a lek system.


A família Polythoridae compreende diversas espécies tropicais, das quais muito pouco se conhece sobre o comportamento ou história de vida. Neste trabalho, nós descrevemos o comportamento reprodutivo da espécie amazônica Calchopteryx rutilans, utilizando técnica de marcação e recaptura. Os machos foram residentes e territorialistas, apesar das disputas (que envolvem manobras de vôo complexas) serem raras. A ocorrência de troncos caídos sobre os igarapés foi importante para a persistência dos machos nos territórios, uma vez que as fêmeas utilizam estes locais para postura dos ovos. O sistema de acasalamento de C. rutilans parece similar ao "sistema com limitação de recurso", descrito por Conrad & Pritchard (1992), onde os machos não são capazes de controlar o acesso das fêmeas aos recursos de oviposição. Nestes casos, as fêmeas podem escolher os machos e, aparentemente, as freqüentes exibições dos machos (mostrando a coloração interna cobreada de suas asas) podem estar relacionadas à atração de fêmeas aos territórios, semelhante ao sistema tipo lek.

4.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; (6)1995.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-581659

ABSTRACT

Rats were used to establish an animal model of cerebral ischemia and the change of endogenous opiate peptides (LEK, ?-EP, DynA1-13) and monoamines (5-HT, 5-HIAA) levels in the ischemia cerebral tissue were measured. The main findings were as follows: The levels of LEK reduced slightly in cerebral ischemia for 60 minutes, but the levels of DynA1-13 and 5-HIAA increased obviously in cerebral ischemia for 60 minutes. At the same time the levels of ?-EP and 5-HT decreased obviously. The results suggest that the endogenous opiate peptides and monomines play a possible role in the development of cerebral ischemic damage.

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