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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 21(3): e20201159, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249084

ABSTRACT

Abstract: This study monitored marine turtle nests in a region known as the Potiguar Basin, which stretches from the northern region of Rio Grande do Norte State (5°4'1.15" S, 36°4'36.41" W) to eastern Ceará State (4°38'48.28" S, 37°32'52.08" W) in Brazil. We collected data from January 2011 to December 2019 to identify species of sea turtles that spawn in the basin, to analyze the nesting spatial-temporal pattern and nests characteristics, and to record effects of environmental and anthropic factors on nests. A field team examined sea turtle tracks and nests signs. Turtle clutches were monitored daily until hatchings emerged from the nests. We monitored nests of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata; n = 238) and olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea; n = 103). The nesting season for E. imbricata occurred between December and May and for L. olivacea from March to August. Hawksbills had clutch size, incubation time, number of unhatched eggs, and dead hatchlings higher than olive Ridley turtles; nevertheless, they presented lower hatching success. Precipitation between 0 and 22 mm and relative humidity (RH) higher than 69% increased the hatching success rate for E. imbricata; however, rainfall above 11 mm and RH 64% had the same effect for L. olivacea. Signs of egg theft and human presence (e.g. vehicle traffic and plastic residues on the beach) were recorded and are considered threats to nests. The results of our long-term monitoring study in the Potiguar Basin provide basis for the implementation of mitigation measures and adoption of management policies at nesting beaches in this Brazilian region.


Resumo: Este estudo permitiu o monitoramento de ninhos de tartarugas marinhas em uma região conhecida como Bacia Potiguar, que se estende da região norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (5 ° 4'1,15 "S, 36 ° 4'36,41" W) até o leste do Estado do Ceará (4 ° 38'48,28 "S, 37 ° 32'52,08" W), no Brasil. Coletamos dados de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2019 com o objetivo de identificar as espécies de tartarugas marinhas que desovam na bacia, analisar o padrão espaço-temporal de nidificação, as características dos ninhos, e registrar os efeitos de fatores ambientais e antrópicos. Uma equipe de campo examinou rastros de tartarugas marinhas e sinais de ninhos. As ninhadas das tartarugas foram monitoradas diariamente até que os filhotes emergissem dos ninhos. Monitoramos ninhos de tartarugas-de-pente (Eretmochelys imbricata; n = 238) e tartarugas-oliva (Lepidochelys olivacea; n = 103). A época de nidificação para E. imbricata ocorreu entre dezembro e maio e para L. olivacea de março a agosto. Tartarugas-de-pente apresentaram maior tamanho das ninhadas, tempo de incubação, número de ovos não eclodidos e número de filhotes mortos quando comparado com tartarugas-oliva; no entanto, apresentaram menor sucesso de eclosão. Precipitação entre 0 e 22 mm e umidade relativa (UR) maior que 69% aumentaram a taxa de sucesso de eclosão para E. imbricata; entretanto, chuvas acima de 11 mm e UR 64% tiveram o mesmo efeito para L. olivacea. Sinais de roubo de ovos e presença humana (por exemplo, tráfego de veículos e resíduos de plástico na praia) foram registrados e são considerados ameaças aos ninhos. Os resultados do nosso estudo de monitoramento de longo prazo na Bacia Potiguar fornecem base para a implementação de medidas de mitigação e adoção de políticas públicas em praias de desova nesta região brasileira.

2.
Rev. cient. (Guatem.) ; 29(2)21 de oct. 2020.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123347

ABSTRACT

Las tortugas marinas pasan toda su vida en el océano, regresando a las playas únicamente en el momento en el que anidan. La parlama (Lepidochelys olivacea) es una de las especies que anida frecuentemente en el Pacífico de Guatemala. Sin embargo, hace falta información tanto de generalidades de los nidos de parlama como de la biología de anidación de las mismas en el país. Es por eso que se buscó: 1) determinar si existe una relación entre el tamaño de la parlama (ancho curvo del caparazón) y el número de huevos puestos en cada nido; y 2) de explorar el tipo de relación existente entre el tamaño de la parlama (ancho curvo de caparazón) y el número de huevos con el momento (día dentro de la temporada) donde los huevos fueron puestos. Este estudio fue de orden descriptivo y exploratorio, en donde se midió a 74 hembras que anidaron de junio a octubre del 2017 en el Área Protegida de Usos Múltiples Hawaii, Departamento de Santa Rosa. Cabe resaltar que en Guatemala no hay datos cualitativos ni cuantitativos sobre tortugas anidadoras, por lo que es el primer estudio de esta naturaleza. Se obtuvo un tamaño promedio (desviación estándar) del ancho curvo del caparazón de 70.7cm (Desviación estándar: 2.60), IC 95 % [63 a 77cm] y un promedio de 92 huevos (D.E: 15.67), IC 95 % [59 a 120 huevos] puestos por nido. Se desarrolló un modelo lineal generalizado (3.715e+00x + 1.670e-04 -4.932e-06; p= 1.12e-3; AICc=617.14), demostrando que el ancho curvo del caparazón de la tortuga anidadora y la fecha en la que los huevos fueron puestos tienen una relación directa con el número de huevos puestos por cada tortuga anidadora. El ancho curvo del caparazón presenta una relación directa con el número de huevos. Mientras que el momento de anidación (día) presenta un efecto polinomial de segundo orden, lo cual lleva a un incremento en el número de huevos conforme avanza la temporada de anidación, y resulta en un pico a la mitad de la temporada de anidación con un patrón de descenso hacia el final de la misma.


Sea turtles spend their entire lives in the ocean, returning to the beaches only at the time they nest. The olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) is one of the species that frequently nest in the Pacific of Guatemala. However, information is needed on both the generalities of sea turtle nesting behavior and the nesting biology of the turtles in the country, so it was sought to 1) determine the relationship between the size of the turtle and the number of eggs in each nest; and 2) explore what type of relationship exists between the size of the turtle and the number of eggs, with the moment (day during the nesting season) when the eggs were layed. This first descriptive and exploratory study measured 74 females that nested between the months of June to October in 2017 in the Multiple Use Area Hawaii, Santa Rosa, Guatemala. An average carapace width of 70.7cm (Standar deviation: 2.60; 95% CI of [63 to 77cm]) was obtained and an average of 92 eggs (SD: 15.67; 95% CI of [59 to 120]) per nest. A Generalized Linear Model was made and demonstrated that the width of the carapace of the nesting female and the date on which the eggs were laid have a direct relationship with the number of eggs laid by each nesting turtle (3.715e+00x + 1.670e-04 -4.932e-06; p= 1.12e-3 ; AICc=617.14). The width of the carapace has a direct relationship with the number of eggs, while the moment (day during nesting season) has a second-order polynomial effect, which leads to an increase in the number of eggs as the nesting season progresses, and results in a peak half of the nesting season with a pattern of decline towards the end of it.

3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(supl.1): 383-394, abr. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-958149

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realizó un monitoreo de la actividad de anidación de tortugas marinas en Punta Banco, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica, de forma ininterrumpida por diez y seis años, acompañado por actividades de conservación como la relocalización de los nidos en viveros. Se realizaron análisis de éxito de eclosión para nidos "in situ" y en vivero. Evaluamos por este medio la biología reproductiva de la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea), por mucho la tortuga más común que anida en Punta Banco (98% de las tortugas observadas). Entre 1996 y 2011, se llevó a cabo el monitoreo diario de las actividades de anidación de julio a diciembre. Marcamos un total de 1 239 tortugas L. olivacea y registramos 4 130 eventos de anidación. El total de anidaciones para L. olivacea varió de 239 en el año 1996 a 402 en 1999, mientras que el número de hembras avistadas varió de 18 en 1996 a 146 en 1999. Las hembras presentaron un largo curvo del caparazón promedio de 66.8cm y ancho curvo de caparazón promedio de 70.7cm. La media para el tamaño de las nidadas fue de 96.7 huevos, con una frecuencia de puesta observada de 1.07 nidos/hembra y un intervalo de puesta observado de 19.95 días. El éxito de eclosión de nidos "in situ" fue de 61.38%, mientras que el éxito de nidos relocalizados en viveros fue de 77.9%. La población de L. olivacea en Punta Banca muestra una tendencia positiva.


Abstract Sea turtle nesting activity was monitored in Punta Banco, South Pacific Costa Rica uninterruptedly for sixteen years, accompanied by conservation activities such as nest relocation in hatcheries. Hatching success evaluations were held for "in situ" and relocated nests. We hereby evaluate the reproductive biology of the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), by far the most common turtle sea turtle nesting in Punta Banco (98% of observed turtles). Daily monitoring of nesting activities was held every year from July to December, from 1996 to 2011. We tagged a total of 1 239 turtles and recorded 4 130 nesting events. The number of recorded nesting events per nesting season ranged from 239 in 1996 to 402 in 1999, whereas the number of observed females ranged from 18 in 1996 to 146 in 1999. Nesting females had an average curved carapace length of 66.8cm and an average curve carapace width of 70.7cm. The average clutch size was 96.7, with an observed frequency of 1.07 nests/female and an nesting interval of 19.95 days. Hatching success of "in situ" nests was 61.38%, whereas hatching success for nests relocated into hatcheries was 77.9%. The L. olivacea population in Punta Banco beach displays a a positive trend. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 383-394. Epub 2015 April 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Reproduction/physiology , Turtles/classification , Turtles/growth & development , Costa Rica
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(supl.1): 375-381, abr. 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-958148

ABSTRACT

Resumen La selección del sitio de anidación en tortugas marinas es determinante para la sobrevivencia de la progenie, sin embargo para Lepidochelys olivacea existe poca información al respecto. Este trabajo se enfocó en determinar si L. olivacea selecciona sus sitios de anidación de acuerdo a un patrón o preferencia espacial determinada, o si por el contrario distribuye sus nidos aleatoriamente en la playa. La recolección de datos se realizó entre julio y setiembre del 2011, en las playas de Piro y Pejeperro, Península de Osa, Costa Rica. La ubicación del nido se evaluó midiendo las distancias entre la línea de marea y el nido, entre el nido y la vegetación, y determinando la posición del nido con respecto a los sectores marcados cada 100m en la playa. En ambas playas, las tortugas mostraron una marcada preferencia por anidar lo más lejos posible de la línea de marea, lo cual protege a sus nidos de inundación pero los expone a un mayor riesgo de depredación. Además, en playa Piro se detectó una mayor concentración de nidos cerca de la desembocadura del río, y en las cercanías de un estero en el caso de Pejeperro. Si estas zonas están asociadas a un mayor éxito de eclosión, es posible que las tortugas estén regresando y seleccionado esos sitios por impronta o filopatría. Futuras investigaciones deberán enfocarse en determinar si en eventos de anidación sucesivos, L. olivacea muestra repetibilidad y mantiene sus preferencias de anidación a nivel de individuo.


Abstract In sea turtles, nest-site selection plays a key role in the survival of the offspring, with a direct influence on the sex of the hatchlings, incubation period, embryonic mortality, and hatchling size. Nest-site choice has been studied for most sea turtle species, but the information for Lepidochelys olivacea, the most abundant sea turtle species, is scarce. The present work explores the spatial nesting patterns of L. olivacea and seeks to determine whether this species employs a scatter nesting strategy or chooses to clump its nests based on a specific spatial preference. Night patrols were conducted between July and September 2011 at the beaches of Piro and Pejeperro, located in the Osa Peninsula, in the South Pacific region of Costa Rica. Nest-site location was evaluated by measuring the distance from the tide line to the nest, distance from nest to vegetation, and by noting beach sector according to beach-marker setup. In total, 84 nesting turtles were observed. Sea turtles in both beaches showed a strong preference to locate their nests as far from the tide line as possible, crawling longer distances when presented with wider stretches of beach. Turtles nesting at Piro beach also favored areas that were close to the river mouth, while turtles at Pejeperro preferred to nest near an estuary. It seems that the main driving force that influences L. olivacea to choose a nest site is to protect the eggs from tidal inundation, even if this means a higher predation risk from nesting too close to the vegetation, in addition to a longer trip to the ocean for both the female adult and the hatchlings. Nests near rivers and estuaries may have higher hatching success, which could prompt females to return and select these areas due to imprinting or philopatry. Future research focused on recapture could provide valuable information on individual behavior, and prove whether or not L. olivacea shows strong nest-site fidelity and repeatability of nesting preferences at the individual level. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 375-381. Epub 2015 April 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Embryo Implantation/physiology , Turtles/classification , Turtles/growth & development , Costa Rica
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(supl.1): 1-8, abr. 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-958124

ABSTRACT

Resumen El Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica ha sido identificado como un sitio importante para la reproducción de cuatro especies de tortugas marinas. Las amenazas que éstas sufren han originado iniciativas de conservación y estudio en la zona, especialmente en playas de anidación. Sin embargo, información sobre su presencia en el agua (donde pasan la mayor parte de su vida) es escasa. Por esta razón, este estudio analiza la información recolectada como parte de un proyecto de monitoreo de tortugas marinas de la Fundación Keto, en la zona comprendida entre el Parque Nacional Marino Ballena y la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño. Entre los años 2009 y 2011, se registraron 447 avistamientos de tortugas (la mayoría fuera de las áreas de conservación) pertenecientes a tres especies: Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, y Eretmochelys imbricata. Se registraron avistamientos durante todos los meses del año, siendo L. olivacea la especie con más individuos observados. Se identificaron dos áreas (a profundidades menores a 10m) importantes para la presencia de E. imbricata. Este es el primer aporte científico que documenta la presencia exacta, considerable y continua en el tiempo de tres especies de tortugas marinas frente a las costas del Cantón de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica.


Abstract The southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica has been identified as an important place for the reproduction of four species of marine turtles. This presence, coupled with threats to the survival of the species, has encouraged the establishment of conservation initiatives and the study of these animals in the region, especially in nesting areas. Nonetheless, information on their presence in the water (where they spend most of their life) is scarce. For this reason, this study analyses data from a three years of a marine turtle monitoring program by Fundación Keto in the area between the Marino Ballena National Park and the Caño Island Biological Reserve, and presents the temporal and spatial distribution of the observed individuals. During this period, a total of 447 turtle (sightings per sampling effort=0.36 individuals-hr-1), of three different species were observed: Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia Mydas, and Eretmochelys imbricata. Sightings have been recorded during all months of the year, with L. olivacea as the species most commonly observed, especially outside of protected areas; this species presented a clear mating period in the months of July and August. E. imbricata was the species observed closer to the shore, and at a shallower site, possibly indicating an important foraging area for juvenile individuals. This is the first study to address the consistent and permanent presence of three species of marine turtles in the waters off the coast of Cantón de Osa in the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 1-8. Epub 2015 April 01.


Subject(s)
Turtles/classification , Endangered Species , Costa Rica
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1729-1742, Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-646548

ABSTRACT

Chemical composition of eggs of the Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) and it’s potential as a food source. The Olive Ridley is a worldwide distributed species with high nesting production per season, and in La Escobilla Oaxaca, México, there is a 70% of non-hatched eggs that are lost. In order to evaluate their potential use as a source for human and animal food products, their chemical composition was analyzed. Lyophilized egg samples from 25 turtles were obtained and were analyzed following the analytical methods for fatty acids, protein, fat, ash, moisture, amino acids, vitamins, cholesterol and microbiological agents. The analytical composition obtained was (g/100g): moisture (4.7), ash (3.8), protein (53.7), and fat (47.4). The essential amino acid (g aa/100g protein) content was: Ile (4.4), Lys (6.6), Leu (7.4), Met+Cys (8.8), Phe+Tyr (10.8). The vitamin content was: retinol (340μg/100g), cholecalciferol (5.9μg/100g) and 8.6mg/100 tocopherol, 0.3mg/100g thiamine and 1.1mg/100g riboflavin. The total lipid content (TL), fatty acids (FA), and cholesterol (Chol) were divided into three groups based on the weight of the turtle: (TL) (44.3-48.7-49.1g/100g) and (Chol) (518.4-522.5mg/100g-728.7). A total of 17 Saturated FA (SFA), 8 Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and 11 Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were identified. The most abundant SFA (mg/100g) were: C14:0 (445-772), C16:0 (485-1263); MUFA: C16:1 (456-716), C18:1n-9c (904-1754), and PUFA: C20:4n-6 (105-217); two n-3 fatty acids were identified EPA (48-103) and DHA (97-189). There were significant differences (Fisher, p<0.05) for: (Chol), total FA, SFA, MUFA, PUFAs and n-3 (EPA + DHA) FA. It was not detected any microbiological agent. In conclusion, lyophilized L. olivacea eggs are an option for its inclusion in the development of food products as they can be used as a high quality biological protein and n-3 fatty acid source for fortification and enrichment. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1729-1742. Epub 2011 December 01.


Por su potencial como fuente alimenticia, se analizó la composición química de huevo de Lepidochelys olivácea en La Escobilla, Oaxaca, México. El Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México proporcionó 250 muestras de huevo liofilizado de 25 tortugas, que se analizaron siguiendo métodos oficiales para humedad, cenizas, proteína, grasa, lípidos totales(LT) y análisis microbiológicos; además de ácidos grasos(AG) por cromatografía de gases, aminoácidos(AA), vitaminas y colesterol(col) por HPLC. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: (g/100g) humedad(4.7), cenizas(3.8), proteína(53.7) y grasa(47.4). AA esenciales (g aa/100g Proteína): Ile (4.4), Lys(6.6), Leu(7.4), Met+Cys (8.8), Phe+Tyr (10.8); retinol (340μg/100g), colecalciferol (5.9 μg/100g), tocoferol (8.6), tiamina (0.3) y riboflavina (1.1) (mg/100g). Y los de (LT), (AG) y (Col) se concentraron en tres grupos por peso de tortuga: (LT) (44.3-48.7-49.1g/100g), (Col) (518.4-522.5-728.7 mg/100g). Entonces se identificaron 17 AGSaturados, 8 AGMonoinsaturados y 11 AGPoliinsaturados. Los AGS más abundantes (mg/100g): C16:0 (485-1263), AGM: C16:1 (456-716), C18:1n-9c (904- 1754) y AGP: C20:4n-6 (105-217), EPA (48-103) y HA (97-189). También, existió diferencia significativa (Fisher, p<0.05) para (Col), AG totales, AGS, AGM, AGP y AG n-3 (EPA+DHA). No se detectó presencia de agentes microbiológicos. El huevo liofilizado de L. olivacea es una opción para el desarrollo de productos alimenticios por su proteína de alto valor biológico y ácidos grasos n-3.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cholesterol/analysis , Dietary Fats/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Eggs/analysis , Turtles , Vitamins/analysis , Eggs/microbiology , Freeze Drying , Lipids/analysis , Mexico , Nutritive Value
7.
Vet. Méx ; 40(1): 69-78, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632903

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to report the causes of mortality of eleven Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) that arrived to the shore of Cuyutlan, Colima, Mexico, in a critical health condition between the months of June and September of 2006. The signs presented were: inability to swim, weakness, loss of weight, sunken eyes, lethargy and mesh lesions in fins and shell. The necropsy was carried out. Representative lesion samples were collected from the main organs and they were fixed in 10% buffered formalin pH 7.2 using the histological technique and the hematoxylin-eosine tint. The results were: six cases (60%) presented multifocal hepatic haemochromatosis, three (30%) presented multifocal non supurative myocarditis, two (20%), multifocal granulomatous nephritis associated with Paecilomyces sp with calcification. Intestinal lymphangiectasia and heterophilic diffuse perihepatitis. Other pathologies included: one case (10%) presented cutaneous fibropapil lomas, bacterial necrotic ulcerative dermatitis; one more presented multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with Paecilomyces sp; in three cases, intestinal trematode (Adenogaster serialis); in fi ve epibiontes (Chelonibia testudinaria) in fins; and in one, a blood parasite (Toddia sp). The findings of these diseases will permit to propose preventive medicine with the aim to preserve marine turtles in Mexico..


El objetivo del trabajo fue informar las causas de mortalidad de once tortugas marinas Golfinas (Lepidochelys olivacea), que arribaron moribundas entre junio y septiembre de 2006 a las playas de Cuyutlán, Colima, México. Los signos que presentaron fueron: inhabilidad para nadar, debilidad, pérdida de peso, ojos hundidos, letargia, lesiones en aletas y caparazón por enmallamiento. Después de que las tortugas murieron, se procedió a realizar la necropsia. Se tomaron muestras representativas de las lesiones de los principales órganos y se colocaron en formalina amortiguada al 10% pH 7.2 para su fijación. Las muestras fueron procesadas por la técnica histológica de rutina y se tiñeron con hematoxilina-eosina. Los resultados fueron: en seis casos (60%) se presentó hemocromatosis multifocal hepática; en tres (30%), miocarditis multifocal no supurativa; en dos (20%), nefritis multifocal granulomatosa asociada con Paecilomyces sp, con calcificación, linfangiectasia intestinal y perihepatitis difusa heterofílica. Otras patologías incluyeron en un caso fibropapiloma cutáneo (10%); en otro dermatitis ulcerativa necrótica bacteriana; en uno más, neumonía multifocal granulomatosa, asociada con Paecilomyces sp; en tres, trematodos intestinales Adenogaster serialis; en cinco, epibiontes (Chelonibia testudinaria) en aletas; y en uno, hemoparásito intraeritrocítico (Toddia sp). El conocimiento de estas enfermedades permitirá proponer medidas curativas o de medicina preventiva con el fin de conservar las tortugas marinas en México.

8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(1): 43-48, mar. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484693

ABSTRACT

The aerobic cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of 45 apparently healthy female olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea )was studied at Nancite nesting beach,in Santa Rosa National Park (Costa Rican North Pacific)during July and August 2002.Bacterial samples were obtained by inserting sterile swabs directly into the cloaca and the nasal cavities of the turtles.Ninety-nine aerobic bacterial isolates, including 10 Gram-negative and 5 Gram-positive bacteria, were recovered.The most common bacteria cultured were Aeromonas spp. (13/45) and Citrobacter freundi (6/45)from cloacal samples and Bacillus spp.(32/45), Staphylococcus aureus (6/45)and Corynebacterium spp.(5/45)from nasal ducts.The results of the present study showed that the aerobic bacterial flora of nesting female olive ridleys was composed of several potential human and animal microbe pathogens.


Con el objetivo de determinar la flora normal aerobia, cloacal y nasal de la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea ), entre los meses de julio y agosto del 2002,se colectaron muestras bacteriológicas de 45 quelonios aparentemente sanos,durante el desove en Playa Nancite,Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica, a través del uso de hisopos estériles que se introdujeron en la cloaca y en uno de los conductos nasales. De las muestras recolectadas se obtuvieron e identificaron un total de 99 aislamientos, incluyendo 10 grupos de Gram-negativos y 5 de Gram-positivos. De cada tortuga se obtuvo un promedio de 0.7 bacterias de la cloaca y 1.4 de las cavidades nasales. Las bacterias más frecuente halladas fueron Aeromonas spp.(13/45) y Citrobacter freundi (6/45) en la cloaca, y Bacillus spp. (32/45),Staphylococcus aureus (6/45)y Corynebacterium spp.(5/45)en las cavidades nasales. En este investigación, la flora microbiana de las tortugas lora resultó constituida por microorganismos potencialmente patógenos para el ser humano y las tortugas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cloaca/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Nose/microbiology , Turtles/microbiology , Costa Rica
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