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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 23(3): e20231515, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505834

ABSTRACT

Abstract This work is a floristic study of Selaginella in Maranhão. The species survey is based on collections from fieldwork conducted between April 2006 and February 2023 and specimens from Maranhão deposited at the CCAA, HBRA, MG, and SLUI herbaria. Ten species were identified: Selaginella conduplicata, S. convoluta, S. erythropus, S. flagellata, S. gynostachya S. marginata, S. minima, S. radiata, S. simplex, and S. sulcata. We report the first record of S. gynostachya for Maranhão and the Cerrado domain in Brazil. Until now, this species was only known from areas of Amazonia. We provide a map with records, an identification key, and comments about the identification and geographic distribution of Selaginella species in Maranhão state. For the new record, we also provide photos.


Resumo O presente trabalho trata do estudo florístico de Selaginella no Maranhão. O levantamento de espécies foi realizado com base em coletas de campo realizadas entre abril de 2006 e fevereiro de 2023 e em análise de espécimes coletados no Maranhão e depositadas nos herbários CCAA, HBRA, MG e SLUI. Foram identificadas 10 espécies: Selaginella conduplicata, S. convoluta, S. erythropus, S. flagellata, S. gynostachya S. marginata, S. minima, S. radiata, S. simplex e S. sulcata. Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de S. gynostachya para o Maranhão e também para o domínio do Cerrado Brasileiro. Até então essa espécie era registrada somente em áreas amazônicas. Neste artigo apresentamos um mapa com pontos de coleta, uma chave de identificação e comentários sobre a identificação, ecologia e distribuição geográfica para as espécies de Selaginella do Maranhão. Para o novo registro apresentamos também fotos.

2.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 18(3): e20180513, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951189

ABSTRACT

Abstract Galls are neo-formed plant structures induced by species-specific interaction between an inducing organism and a host plant. Lycophytes and ferns are two distinct plant lineages historically lumped together as pteridophytes. A number of authors suggest low gall frequency in lycophytes and ferns, compared to angiosperms. This study aimed at compiling an updated overview of fern galls in Brazil, providing information on hosts, gall-inducing organisms and associated fauna. The synopsis was compiled using existent data and by updating scientific names and gathering new information obtained by the authors in fieldwork. To date, galls have been recorded on 16 fern species but none on lycophytes. However, the inducer was identified at species level in only three gall morphotypes from three fern species, with a doubtful inducer for Pteridium sp. Galls are induced by mites (Eriophyidae) and insects of the orders Diptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) being the most frequent galler insect.


Resumo Galhas são estruturas vegetais neoformadas induzidas por interações espécie-específicas entre um organismo indutor e uma planta hospedeira. Licófitas e samambaias são duas linhagens de plantas historicamente classificadas juntas como pteridófitas. Diversos autores sugerem que há uma baixa frequência de galhas em licófitas e samambaias, em comparação com as angiospermas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer um panorama atualizado sobre as galhas em samambaias no Brasil, disponibilizando informações sobre espécies hospedeiras, galhadores e fauna associada. A sinopse foi realizada compilando-se os dados existentes, atualizando os nomes científicos e agregando informações novas obtidas pelos autores em trabalhos de campo. Até o momento, foram registradas galhas em 16 espécies de samambaias e nenhum registro em licófitas. Contudo, em apenas três morfotipos de galhas, de três espécies de samambaias, o indutor foi identificado a nível de espécie, com um indutor duvidoso para Pteridium sp. As galhas são induzidas por ácaros (Eriophyidae) e insetos das ordens: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, sendo Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) o galhador mais frequente.

3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(3): 1062-1081, Jul.-Sep. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897603

ABSTRACT

ResumenLos helechos y licófitas son un grupo de plantas vasculares de interés para entender la evolución de las interacciones micorrízicas y su preservación es de relevancia por sus múltiples interacciones ecológicas. El registro de los diferentes grupos taxonómicos de hongos asociados a helechos y licófitas se encuentra fragmentado y el criterio para su diagnóstico inconsistente, lo que dificulta el entendimiento y la determinación del estatus micorrízico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el porcentaje de especies de helechos y licófitas que tiene distribución en México de las que se tiene información sobre hongos endomicorrízicos. Se integró un listado de la presencia de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), Mucoromycotina y hongos septados oscuros (HSO) asociados a helechos y licófitas, a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva de información. En este trabajo se consideró una especie micorrízica arbuscular, por los arbúsculos, para diferenciarla de la colonización por hifas, vesículas u ovillos. El estudio generó un listado de ocurrencia de interacciones endomicorrízicas en 27 familias, 61 géneros y 137 especies de helechos y licófitas, que representa el 13.37 % de las especies, 91 % de los géneros y 77 % de las familias registradas para México. El 78.1 % de las especies presentó colonización por hongos, el 56.2 % fueron por HMA, el 8.9 % solo presentó colonización por hifas, vesículas o coils, el 21.8 % fue por HSO y el 1. 4 % por hongos Mucoromycotina. Del total de especies, la mayor presencia de colonización se presentó en especies terrestres 76.59 %, saxícolas 33.33 %, acuáticas 20 % y epífitas con 6.25 %. Las familias de helechos y licófitas con mayor número de especies colonizadas fueron: Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae y Dryopteridaceae. El presente trabajo muestra que la asociación de HMA y HSO es la más ampliamente distribuida en las familias y especies de helechos y licófitas. Surge la necesidad de incluir a los helechos y licófitas en los estudios de interacciones endomicorrízicas ya que únicamente 28 especies (20 %) fueron estudiadas en ecosistemas de México. La mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en la fase esporofítica (80 %). Sin embargo, para entender el papel que juegan las micorrizas en el establecimiento de helechos y licófitas se requiere incluir a la fase gametofítica, así como estudios de ecología, biología molecular, así como trabajos experimentales de fisiología. La información presentada es de relevancia para implementar estrategias alternativas de conservación, debido a que muchas especies de helechos y licófitas requieren de la asociación micorrízica para su crecimiento y supervivencia.


AbstractFerns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A checklist of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi (DSF) associated with ferns and lycophytes was integrated through an exhaustive global literature search. In this study, mycorrhizal species was considered by the presence of arbuscules to differentiate with hyphal, vesicular and coils colonization. The study gathered a checklist of mycorrhizal occurrences of 27 families, 61 genus and 137 species of ferns and lycophytes, which covers 13.4 % of the species, 91 % of the genus and 77 % of the families distributed in Mexico. The 78.1 % of the species showed colonization, 56.2 % by AMF, 29.9 % by DSF and 0.72 % by Mucoromycotina fungi. From the total of the species, the higher presences of colonization were in terrestrial, epiphytic, saxicolous, and aquatic plants with 76.6 %, 33.3 %, 20 %, and 6.3 %, respectively. The families of ferns and lycophytes with the higher number of species colonized were Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae. The present study showed the widespread associations of AMF and DSF in ferns and lycophytes of Mexico. It is urgently needed to include ferns and lycophytes in studies focused on endomycorhizal interactions, since only 28 species (28 %) were studied in Mexican ecosystems. The majority of studies were focused on sporophytic face (80 %). Nonetheless, to understand the role that plays the mycorrhiza in the establishment of ferns and lycophytes, it is necessary to include the gametophytic face in ecological, molecular and physiological experimental studies. This information is important to implement conservation strategies, because a considerable number of ferns and lycophytes species, depend on these mycorrhizal associations for their growth and survival. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1062-1081. Epub 2017 September 01.

4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(6): 1882-1884, nov./dec. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-948323

ABSTRACT

The extreme conditions in rocky outcrops allow the occurrence of desiccation tolerant species. One strategy of these plants to withstand water shortage is the accumulation of sugars. In this paper, we report sugar levels and profile of three ferns and one lycophyte naturally hydrated growing on rocky outcrops from Southeastern Brazil. Anemia species have higher sugar contents than Doryopteris collina and Selaginella sellowii. The analyzed species have different sugar profiles. The ferns have glucose, fructose and sucrose, and the lycophyte has glucose and trehalose.


Nas condições ambientais extremas dos afloramentos rochosos ocorrem espécies tolerantes à dessecação. Uma das estratégias dessas plantas para resistir à restrição hídrica é o acúmulo de açúcares. No presente estudo, avaliamos a concentração e o perfil de açúcares de três espécies de samambaias e uma licófita, naturalmente hidratadas crescendo sobre afloramentos rochosos no sudeste do Brasil. As espécies de Anemia possuem maior concentração de açúcares em relação a Doryopteris collina e Selaginella sellowii. As espécies analisadas mostraram perfis distintos de açúcares. As samambaias apresentam glicose, frutose e sacarose, enquanto a licófita glicose e trealose.


Subject(s)
Sucrose , Trehalose , Ferns
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(3): 1037-1046, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638138

ABSTRACT

Diversity of ferns and lycophytes from Reserva Natural Punta Lara, Buenos Aires , Argentina. Punta Lara Natural Reserve shelters the relict of the Southernmost riparian forest in the world, where the flora is threatened by the anthropic expansion and by the introduction of exotic species. In this area the ferns and lycophytes grow in particular environments as marshland, grassland and marginal forest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of ferns and lycophytes that inhabit in Punta Lara Natural Reserve. Field trips were conducted from 2006 to 2009 and local herbaria and specific bibliography were also revised. As a result of our study twenty four taxa of ferns and lycophytes were recognized. Their habit was mainly terrestrial (70%), fewer aquatic (17%) and epiphytic (13%). Five native taxa were scarcely recorded whereas two native species previously documented were not found. We assume that the main threats on ferns and lycophytes populations in Punta Lara Reserve are: removal for comercialization, invasion by exotic species and climatic fluctuations (drought periods). Keys for taxa identification are given and strategies for the conservation of threatened taxa are proposed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1037-1046. Epub 2011 September 01.


Hasta el año 1987 el número de helechos y licofitas citados para la Reserva Punta Lara era de 30, incluyendo taxa específicos e infraespecíficos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad de los helechos y licofitas que crecen en esta reserva, donde se halla el relicto más austral de las selvas en galería. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se realizaron viajes de campo durante los años 2006-2009 y se consultaron herbarios locales así como bibliografía especializada. Como resultado del estudio se determinaron 24 taxa de helechos y licofitas, de hábito predominantemente terrestre (70%); pocas acuáticas (17%) y epífitas (13%); dos especies exóticas, mientras que otras dos especies nativas citadas previamente no fueron halladas. Cinco taxa fueron registrados con escasa frecuencia. Se infiere que las principales causas de amenaza para las poblaciones de licofitas y helechos en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara son la extracción para su comercialización, la introducción de plantas exóticas y las fluctuaciones climáticas (periodos de sequía). Se presenta una clave de identificación de los taxa registrados y se plantean futuras estrategias de conservación de las especies consideradas vulnerables.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Ferns/classification , Argentina , Conservation of Natural Resources
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(1): 417-433, mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638076

ABSTRACT

Presence, abundance and reproductive strategies of ferns in disturbed areas of Sierra Nevada, México. Diverse reproductive strategies shown by ferns and lycophytes allow them to colonize a variety of habitats, particularly after the incidence of natural or anthropogenic disturbances. This study assessed the presence, abundance and reproductive strategies of ferns growing in soils of temperate forests with different levels of disturbance at the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the State of Mexico. Vegetation, soil and environmental variables were recorded in 200m² permanent plots located in four forest stands. One-Way ANOVA and Canonical Correspondence Analysis resulted in the recognition of three landscape types defined by the degree of environmental alteration: low, moderate and severe. Also, from five soil samples collected in each stand, germination of ferns and lycophytes was induced. A positive relationship was found between the alteration degree and Cheilanthes abundance. Under a low landscape alteration regime, species richness is restricted to Cheilanthes bonariensis, C. marginata and Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia. The soil is a reservoir of spores of Cheilanthes and Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia because their spores can remain viable for different time intervals. Apogamy is the usual reproductive strategy of Cheilanthes species in disturbed ecosystems, although these species also show sexual reproduction in natural ecosystems with adequate water availability. Apogamy may be related to a shorter generation time in comparison with a low disturbed ecosystem. On the other hand, Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia only has sexual reproduction. Apogamy might be related to a faster generation in comparison with a low disturbed ecosystem. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 417-433. Epub 2011 March 01.


Los helechos y licófitas tienen diversas estrategias reproductivas que las habilitan para invadir ambientes perturbados y áreas sin vegetación. En este trabajo se estudió la presencia, abundancia y estrategias reproductivas de individuos que crecen en suelos de bosques templados, en la Sierra Nevada, Estado de México. Se eligieron cuatro zonas en las que se instaló un cuadrante permanente de 200m² para cada una, con el fin de registrar variables edáficas, ambientales y de vegetación. La relación entre variables se pudo explorar con análisis de varianza y Análisis Canónico de Correspondencia dando como resultado tres paisajes con base en el grado de alteración ambiental: baja, moderada y severa. Fueron recolectadas cinco muestras de suelo en cada zona para inducir la germinación de helechos y licofitas, obteniendo resultados que revelan una relación positiva entre el grado de alteración y la abundancia de Cheilanthes. En paisajes con baja alteración, la riqueza de especies fue mayor comparada con paisajes de alteración severa, en la que la presencia de especies se redujo a Cheilanthes bonariensis, C. marginata y Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia. El suelo fue un banco de esporas de Cheilanthes y Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia ya que las esporas permanecieron viables por diferentes intervalos de tiempo. La apogamia fue la estrategia reproductiva común para especies de Cheilanthes en ecosistemas alterados, aunque estas especies tienen reproducción sexual en ecosistemas naturales con suficiente agua. Por otro lado, Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia solo presentó reproducción sexual. La apogamia puede estar relacionada con que la alternancia de generaciones se realice en menos tiempo, comparado con un ecosistema de baja alteración.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Ferns/physiology , Trees , Ferns/classification , Mexico , Population Density , Reproduction/physiology
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