Limb characteristics of Yangshao residents in Wanggou site in Zhengzhou / 解剖学报

Objective To research the physical development of ancient inhabitants in the Neolithic Age. Methods Referring to Anthropometric Method , the main projects including humerus, tibia and femur of 108 human bone specimens unearthed from Wanggou site have been measured respectively. The limb bone index, sexual dimorphism and height have been compared and analyzed by Excel software. Results The overall development level of humerus and femur was higher than that of the control group in the same period and weaker than that of the Inner Mongolian group. The development of the middle femur was weaker than that of the control groups, with less muscle attachment. The difference in the brawniness of humerus between the genders was statistically significant (i = 0. 811, P>0. 05) , while the difference in the brawniness of femur was just the opposite (t = 0. 63, P>0. 05 ). The maximum variation range of the male femur was 40. 6 to 49. 4 cm, which was at a moderate low level in the control group. The average height of male was 166. 22 cm, ranging from 164. 47-167.68 cm. The average height of female was 158.06 cm, ranging from 154.02-160.34 cm; There was a significant difference in height between the genders (i = 4. 96, P<0. 01).The height of male is close to the south China group, lower than the comparison group in the same region and the north region, and that of female is at a higher level in the south region. The sexual dimorphism index of Wanggou formation was 5. 7 %. Conclusion The humerus, tibia and femur of the male in Wanggou group are stronger than that of the female, while the upper limbs of the male were stronger than that of the female, and there was no significant difference in the strength of the lower limbs. We suggest that there is no significant difference in nutrition between male and female of Wanggou site during their growth.

Sex determination using upper limb bones in Korean populations / 대한해부학회지

The purpose of this research is to establish metric standards for the determination of sex from the upper limb bones of Korean. We took a set of eleven measurements on each of 175 right sides of adult skeletons chosen at Korean sample. Classification accuracy dropped only one or two individuals when only vertical head diameter of humerus is used. Variables in relation with maximal length were less accurate than head diameter of humerus. Two variables were selected by the stepwise procedure: maximal length of humerus, vertical head diameter of humerus. The combined accuracy was 87%. This study of modern Korean skeletons underscores the need for population-specific techniques, not only for medicolegal investigations, but also for the study of population affinities and factors affecting bone configurations.

A prospective longitudinal study of normal reference ranges for the length of fetal limb bones by ultrasound examination / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To establish the reference ranges for the length of fetal limb bones (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, foot) at 12 to 38 weeks' gestation. METHODS: The candidates of this prospective longitudinal study were 43 consecutive women with uncomplicated singleton gestations who initially had antenatal care from the first trimester of pregnancy and follow-up regularly. We performed serial measurements of each limb bone and foot bone length by ultrasound examination every 4 weeks until 28 weeks, and then by 2 weeks until 36 weeks, and weekly thereafter. RESULTS: A total of 2,633 and 321 of fetal limb and foot bone lengths were measured. The reference ranges for the length of limb bones and foot length were presented as mean, 95% confidence interval of the means and in percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results are represented as percentile tables for each of the limb bone length. These results can be provided as standardized data of the fetal limb bone length to distinguish from skeletal dysplasia and may well be suggested as the reference guideline for normal fetal limb bone length in Korea.

Correlation between the postmortem stature and the dried limb-bone lengths of Korean adult males

The postmortem stature was measured in 57 Korean adult males (age range: 20-86 years old, mean: 52.3 years old) in supine position. After dissection of the corpses, we measured the maximum length of the remaining limb-bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula). The correlation coefficients between the stature and each limb-bone length were calculated. Simple regression equations for estimating stature from each limb-bone length and multiple regression equations from the combination of limb-bone lengths were also obtained.