ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the characteristics of resting energy expenditure (REE) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) graded with different levels of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and to evaluate the accuracy and association of commonly used REE prediction formulas in children with CP.Methods:It was a retrospective study involving 36 children with CP aged 24-144 months who visited the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2021 and August 2022.REE was measured by the indirect calorimetry.Based on the GMFCS, children with CP were divided into grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (20 cases), grade Ⅲ group (6 cases) and grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group(10 cases). During the same period, 11 age-matched healthy children were included in control group.The measured REE (MREE) between children with CP and healthy controls was compared.Predicted REE (PREE) calculated by the Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH and Oxford prediction formulas were compared with MREE in children for their consistency and correlation.Independent samples were analyzed using t-test or Mann- Whitney U test, and categorical data were analyzed using Chi- square test.Using paired t-test and Pearson linear correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between MREE and PREE.The accuracy of PREE values calculated by different formulas was assessed using the root mean square error. Results:The MREE in control group and children with CP were (952.18±270.56) kcal/d and (801.81±201.89) kcal/d, respectively.There was no significant difference in the MREE between grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group versus control group[(868.30±194.81) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05], and grade Ⅲ group versus control group [(813.17±192.48) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05]. The MREE was significantly lower in grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group than that of control group [666.00(513.50, 775.50) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P=0.011]. There were no significant difference between MREE and PREEs calculated by Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH, and Oxford (all P>0.05). The correct classification fraction calculated by the 5 formulas were 33.3%, 47.2%, 41.7%, 47.2%, and 41.7%, respectively.The r values of the consistency of PREE calculated by the 5 formulas were 0.585, 0.700, 0.703, 0.712, and 0.701, respectively.The Blande-Altman Limits of Agreement were (-297.77, 359.22), (-245.60, 326.94), (-250.62, 316.05), (-242.22, 177.36) and (-241.28, 325.81), respectively.The clinically acceptable range was -80.18 to 80.18 kcal/d.The root mean square error were 168.09 kcal/d, 149.64 kcal/d, 146.24 kcal/d, 144.23 kcal/d and 148.77 kcal/d, respectively. Conclusions:The MREE values decreased significantly in children with CP classified as CMFCS grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ.When REE cannot be regularly monitored by indirect calorimetry to develop nutritional support programs, children with CP may be prioritized to estimate REE using the prediction formula of Schofield-WH.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o acordo de medidas antropométricas aferidas e referidas de peso e altura em 632 adultos. O acordo foi calculado por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, obtido por análise de variância com 01 critério de classificação, e pelas diferenças médias e limites de acordo, segundo Bland e Altman. O acordo intracategorias do estado nutricional foi avaliado pela estatística kappa. No sexo masculino, os CCIs foram 0,926 (IC95 por cento: 0,894-0,959) e 0,873 (IC95 por cento: 0,799-0,946), para medidas de peso e altura, respectivamente, sendo a diferença média e os limites de acordo para o IMC de 0,143kg/m² (-2,844-3,129). No sexo feminino, os respectivos CCIs foram 0,981 (IC95 por cento: 0,973-0,988) e 0,794 (IC95 por cento: 0,687-0,900), sendo a diferença e os limites de acordo para o IMC de 0,462kg/m² (-2,457-3,382). Os coeficientes kappa para o estado nutricional, no sexo masculino e feminino, foram, respectivamente, 0,777 (IC95 por cento: 0,683-0,872) e 0,793(IC95 por cento: 0,725-0,862). As medidas referidas são alternativas apropriadas para a classificação do estado nutricional em estudos epidemiológicos.
This study aimed to assess the agreement between measured and self-reported height and weight measures in 632 adults. The agreement was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient (estimated by ANOVA using one classification criterion), mean differences and agreement limits, according to Bland and Altman. The intra-category agreement of the nutritional status was assessed by Kappa statistics. In men, ICCs were 0.926 (95 percentCI: 0.894-0.959) and 0.873 (95 percentCI: 0.799-0.946), for weight and height measures, respectively, with the following mean difference and agreement limits for BMI: 0.143kg/m² (-2.844-3.129). In women, ICCs were 0.981 (95 percentCI: 0.973-0.988) and 0.794 (95 percentCI: 0.687-0.900) respectively, with the following mean difference and agreement limits for BMI: 0.462kg/m² (-2.457-3.382). Kappa coefficients for nutritional status in men and women were, respectively, 0.777 (95 percentCI: 0.683-0.872) and 0.793 (95 percentCI: 0.725-0.862). Self-reported measures are appropriate alternatives to classify nutritional status in epidemiological studies.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Body Height , Body Weight , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiologic Studies , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Verificar a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste do teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no exercício de puxada pela frente. MÉTODOS: 26 homens adultos saudáveis e ativos (25 ± 3 anos, 76,8 ± 9,86kg, 177 ± 5,3cm, 12,5 ± 4,25 por cento de gordura) assinaram consentimento antes de participar deste estudo. A coleta de dados foi feita em dois dias, separados por 48-72 horas. No primeiro dia, foram coletados dados antropométricos e o teste de 1RM progressivo foi realizado. Em cada tentativa, cargas progressivas de 5kg eram acrescidas até que ocorresse uma falha, quando então a carga era reduzida em três quilos e uma nova tentativa era realizada. Foram respeitados cinco minutos de intervalo entre as tentativas. No segundo dia, o teste de 1RM era repetido seguindo o mesmo protocolo. As cargas máximas dos dois dias foram comparadas utilizando o teste t pareado para o erro sistemático e a técnica de limites de concordância, para 95 por cento do erro aleatório. RESULTADOS: O erro médio apresentado pela amostra foi de 2,9 ± 2,48kg, sendo observada diferença significativa entre os dois dias de teste (p < 0,00001). O limite de concordância para 95 por cento do erro ficou entre -1,9 e 7,8kg. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou tendência a aumento da carga máxima atingida no segundo dia de teste, o que aponta para a necessidade de se considerar tal diferença ao planejar e analisar estudos de força onde o teste de 1RM for utilizado.
OBJECTIVE: To verify the test-retest 1RM reproducibility in the lat pulldown exercise. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy and physically actives men (25 ± 3 years, 76.8 ± 9.86 kg, 177 ± 5.3 cm, 12.5 ± 4.25 percent body fat) signed an informed consent before participate in this study. The data was collected in two visits, 48-72 hours apart. During the first visit, anthropometric data was measured and progressive 1RM test was performed. For each attempt progressive loads of 5 kg were added until the fail, when the load was reduced in 3 kg and a last attempt was performed. A five-minute rest was allowed before each attempt. During the second visit, the 1RM test was repeated following the same protocol. The Maximum loads of each day were compared by paired t-test to systematic error and limits of agreement technique to random error was employed. RESULTS: The mean error found was 2.9 ± 2.48 kg, being significantly different between days (p<0.00001). The error 95 percent limit of agreement was between -1.9 and 7.8 kg. CONCLUSION: This study showed a tendency to an increase in the second-day load, which when planning and analyzing strength training studies using 1RM test.