Far space neglect in left spatial neglect patients: features and assessment / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the features and assessment for far space neglect in left spatial neglect patients after right brain stroke. MethodsFrom January to October, 2021, 30 left unilateral spatial neglect (USN) patients after right stroke (patients, n = 30) from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and healthy volunteers matching with gender, age and level of education (controls, n = 30) were evaluated with line cancelation (LC), star cancelation (SC) and line bisection (LB) tests, nearly and far away. The 25 controls were evaluated with LB on the second day. ResultsNo line or star was omissed in the controls. Both the deviation and percentage were more in the patients than in the controls (|t| > 4.319, P < 0.001). Both the deviation and percentage were less different for all the test (|Z| < 1.638, t = -1.282, P > 0.05) between nearly and far away, except the deviation of LB (t = -4.994, P < 0.001). The ICC of test-retest was above 0.462 (P < 0.01). ConclusionRight brain stroke patients with USN may present far spatial neglect, which can be assessed with LB.

Norm scores of cancelation and bisection tests for unilateral spatial neglect: data from a Brazilian population

OBJECTIVE: Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) results in a consistent and exaggerated spatial asymmetry in the processing of information about the body or space due to an acquired brain injury. There are several USN tests for clinical diagnosis, but none of them are validated in Brazil. The aim was to obtain normative values from a healthy sample in Brazil and to evaluate the effects of demographic variables on USN tests. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study performed with 150 neurologically healthy individuals. USN was evaluated using the line cancelation (LC), star cancelation (SC), and line bisection (LB) tests in the A3 (29.7 x 42.0 cm) sheet format. RESULTS: In LC, 143 participants had 0 omissions, and the occurrence of failure was significantly associated with aging (OR=1.1[1.02-1.2]; p=0.012). In SC, 145 participants had fewer than 1 omission, and the occurrence of failure was significantly associated with aging (OR=1.07[1.03-1.11]; p<0.001). In LB, deviations were the lowest for those with the highest level of education (r=0.20; p=0.015), and the deviation was 9.5 mm. CONCLUSION: The cutoff points presented in this study may be indicative of USN, but due to performance differences based on age, we suggest using different norm scores for different age groups. These norm scores can be used in the clinic immediately for USN diagnosis.

Assimetrias da orientação da atenção visuoespacial em Idosos / Visuospatial attention orienting asymmetries in the elderly

A atenção voluntária é assimétrica em sujeitos saudáveis, com favorecimento para o lado direito do espaço. Há evidências de que os idosos apresentam declínio da atenção, o que poderia gerar mudança da assimetria atencional. Objetivamos investigar a assimetria normal da atenção em idosos saudáveis. Vinte idosos (60 a 85 anos) e 20 participantes jovens foram investigados no teste de bissecção de linhas (TBL) e no teste de Landmark (TL). Os resultados apontam ausência de diferenças significativas entre os Grupos e entre Gêneros em ambos os testes para o número de erros e para os desvios em relação ao centro no TBL. Conclui-se que participantes idosos mantêm capacidade de atenção preservada e assimetria normal do fenômeno da orientação da atenção, pelo menos para estes testes

Voluntary attention appears to be asymmetric in healthy subjects, favoring the right side of space. There is evidence that elderly people present a decline in attention, which could lead to change of attentional asymmetry. We aimed to investigate whether the normal asymmetry of attention is altered in healthy older people. Twenty elderly (60 to 85 years old) and 20 young participants were investigated in the line bisection task (LBT) and in the Landmark task (LT). Results indicate absence of significant differences between the Groups and between Genders in both tests for the number of errors and deviations from the center in the LBT. It is concluded that elderly participants maintain preserved attention capacity and normal asymmetry of orienting attention's phenomenon, at least for these tasks

Status of Occupational Therapists on Unilateral Neglect Test Tools Usage and Symptom Classification

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of the use of neglect test tools and the awareness for egocentric neglect (EN) and allocentric neglect (AN). METHODS: A survey questionnaire was distributed to occupational therapists attending continuing education at the Daegu-Gyeongbuk branch on April 16. A total 143 responses were collected, and with the exception of 5 incomplete responses, 138 of them were analyzed. RESULTS: The most commonly used unilateral neglect test tools were the line bisection test (86 responses, 62.3%), cancellation test (35 responses, 25.4%), copy and drawing test (7 responses, 5.1%). In a follow-up survey of 86 respondents who used line bisection tests as the most commonly used test, the majority (82 responses, 95.3%2) were found to use the 20-line test paper. In question about the familiarity and education experience for test manual, only 20 responses (23.2%) and 3 responses (3.5%) answered ‘Yes’. In a question about the experience of a manual and the article for the manual, 25 responses (29.1%) answered ‘Yes’. In the question regarding the separation of EN and AN on the unilateral neglect test, 44 responses (31.9%) were ‘distinction’ and 94 responses (68.1%) were ‘no distinction’. CONCLUSION: Information on the guidance and interpretation of the line bisection test is lacking and the concept of EN and AN was insufficient.

A study of line bisection and number bisection in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the existence of neglect and explore the relationship between spacial attentional deficits and hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia. Methods 51 schizophrenic patients and 55 healthy controls were measured with line bisection test and number bisection test、 Results In the Line Bisection Test,shcizophrenic patients group showed a negative deviation, in which the 2cm line( -0.03 ± 0. 74 )% and mean ( - 0. 02 ± 0. 03 ) % deviation rates were more significantly leftward than that of the normals ( ( 0. 00 ±0.02 ) %, ( - 0.00 ± - 0.01 ) %, P ＜ 0. 05 ) respectively. The mean deviation rates of the patients (P ＜ 0. 01 ) and control groups (P ＜ 0. 05 ) were also significantly leftward compared with zero value. In the number bisection test,schizophrenic patients group showed a negative deviation and a significant leftward bias on the interval 5 ( - 0.07 ±0.18)% ,7( -0.08 ±0.22)% and 9( -0.09 ±0.28)% ) than that of the normals(( -0.01 ±0.05)% ,(0.01± 0. 08 ) % and (0.00 ± 0.14 ) %, P ＜ 0.05 respectively). Conclusion Schizophrenic patients have a right-neglect, suggesting that spacial attentional deficits exist, and it may be related to the left cerebral hemisphere dysfunction.

Cross-over in line bisection among stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore possible mechanisms of the cross-over observed in stroke patients comple-ting a line bisection test. Methods Twenty-five stroke patients with left neglect and twenty normal subjects were studied.In the ordinary line bisection test,there are two papers presenting 20 mm and 100 mm lines respectively.On each paper,three lines with the same length are presented at the left,middle and right of the paper.In the line im-age test,the two papers are the same as in line bisection test,but here subjects are asked to set endpoints of each re-al line. Results Replicating earlier findings,length cross-over was observed in the patients with neglect.In the hline image test,those patients neglected lines on both sides but with a much larger proportion on the left.The patientsunderestimated long lines as in previous studies,but they also underestimated very short lines in contrast to earlier findings. Conclusion Foveal neglect sparing may explain these observations.For very short lines,the left end of the line falls into foveal vision and the left part of the line was not neglected.As a result,the crossover effect of line length occurs.

Analysis of the clinical assessment of unilateral neglect after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the performances in line bisection(LB)and line cancellation(LC)tasks of patients with unilateral neglect.Methods The unilateral neglect patients,performances in LB and LC tasks before and after rehabilitation treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results Before treatment,statistical analyses revealed the patients,performances in LC and LB tasks did not differ from each other(P =0.902).After treatment,statistical analyses revealed a significant difference between the two tasks(P =0.007).With LB only,29/30(97%)patients with neglect were detected;with LC only,22/30(73%)patients with neglect were detected.Conclusions As the performances of unilateral neglect patients improved,patients revealed difference between the performances in LB and in LC tasks.One test alone would miss some subjects with neglect.Combinative use of the two tests was more sensitive than either of the 2 tests alone.

Clinical Usefulness of Computer Assisted Line Bisection Task for the Assessment of Sensory-Attenional Aspect of Visuospatial Neglect

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical usefulness of computer- assisted line bisection task for the patients with sensory- attentional visuospatial neglect. METHOD: Forty patients with unilateral hemispheric stroke (25 right, 15 left) and 15 normal age-matched subjects participated in this study. Computer-assisted line bisection task (CALBT) was designed using modified Milner landmark test to assess the sensory-attentional aspect of visuospatial neglect. Accuracy of response and reaction time for the transected lines, and response rate for the bisected lines were measured. Correlation between the results of CALBT and conventional line bisection test and Albert test was evaluated. RESULTS: In patients with right hemispheric lesion, results of CALBT demonstrated shifting of attention to the right hemifield and neglect of the stimulus in the left hemifield. In contrast, patients with left hemispheric lesion showed significantly decreased attention to the right hemifield and shifting of attention to the left hemifield. Performances of CALBT correlated with the line bisection test, but not with the Albert test. CONCLUSION: Computed assisted line bisection task can be used for the quantitative assessment of the sensory attentional aspect of visuospatial attention in patients with unilateral neglect.

The Effect of the Prism Therapy on the Stroke Patients with the Visuospatial Neglect Preliminary Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the prism which deviates the optical axis 10 degree rightward in the stroke patients who have visuospatial neglect and to evaluate how long it will last. METHOD: The subjects were 9 left hemiplegic patients who showed the feature of hemineglect. The prism goggle was applied and the patients were trained the midline point direction exercise. It's effect was evaluated by the line bisection test and the Albert test at the pre-training, immediate, 2 hours and 6 hours after the training respectively. RESULTS: The line bisection test and Albert test were not improved significantly at each evaluation time after the training. CONCLUSION: This result revealed the prism therapy does not have a significant effect on the line bisection task and Albert test in the hemineglect patients consistently. The line bisection result in the line located in the left or right side at the 2 hours after the training was improved but it could not exclude the training effect of the repetition of the test.

Ocular Search Pattern during Line Bisection Task in Normal Subjects

BACKGROUND: The study of ocular search pattern in normal subjects and patients with hemispatial neglect may help understand spatial cognition. However, only a few studies are available that investigated ocular search pattern even in normal controls. The present study was to investigate ocular search pattern of normal subjects during line bisection task. METHODS: Nine normal subjects (6 men and 3 women with mean age of 21.8+/-4.2 years) were requested to fix their eyes on the midpoint of the line that was presented on the monitor. Lines for bisection were varied according to the location (center, right-sided or left-sided) and length (short or long) and each subject performed 6 trials (one trial/condition). Horizontal eye movements were recorded using an infrared video-oculography and were analyzed in terms of the range and the direction of eye movements. RESULTS: Average range of fixation during line bisection was 20.1% of entire length that corresponded middle portion of the line. There was no directional preference in searching the line during line bisection task. CONCLUSIONS: We expected that normal subjects overtly look at both ends of the line before they bisect the line. On the contrary, they seem to use a strategy such that they directly go to the middle part of the line and then make fine adjustment while looking at both ends of line covertly. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):96~101, 2001)

Ocular Search Pattern during Line Bisection Task in Normal Subjects

BACKGROUND: The study of ocular search pattern in normal subjects and patients with hemispatial neglect may help understand spatial cognition. However, only a few studies are available that investigated ocular search pattern even in normal controls. The present study was to investigate ocular search pattern of normal subjects during line bisection task. METHODS: Nine normal subjects (6 men and 3 women with mean age of 21.8+/-4.2 years) were requested to fix their eyes on the midpoint of the line that was presented on the monitor. Lines for bisection were varied according to the location (center, right-sided or left-sided) and length (short or long) and each subject performed 6 trials (one trial/condition). Horizontal eye movements were recorded using an infrared video-oculography and were analyzed in terms of the range and the direction of eye movements. RESULTS: Average range of fixation during line bisection was 20.1% of entire length that corresponded middle portion of the line. There was no directional preference in searching the line during line bisection task. CONCLUSIONS: We expected that normal subjects overtly look at both ends of the line before they bisect the line. On the contrary, they seem to use a strategy such that they directly go to the middle part of the line and then make fine adjustment while looking at both ends of line covertly. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):96~101, 2001)