Clinical importance of tensor fasciae suralis arising from linea aspera along with short head of biceps femoris: a rare anomaly / 대한해부학회지

Tensor fasciae suralis, also known as ischioaponeuroticus is a clinically relevant muscle variant located in the popliteal fossa. Though rare, when present the muscle may arise from any of the hamstrings and gets inserted to the crural fascia of leg or tendocalcaneus and is innervated by the tibial component of sciatic nerve. Here we report a variant of tensor fasciae suralis originated from the lowermost part of linea aspera along with the fibers of short head of biceps femoris in the left lower limb of a male cadaver aged approximately 58 years. The muscle was 16 cm in length and 1 cm breadth in its widest part. It was found inserted to the crural fascia over the lateral head of gastrocnemius and was found innervated by common peroneal nerve. To the best of our knowledge, the tensor fascia suralis muscle originated from linea aspera along with short head of biceps femoris and innervated by common peroneal nerve has not been reported in either cadaveric or imaging studies.

Study of Nutrient Foramina of Adult Femora With its Correlation to Length of the Bone.

Introduction: Femur is the most richly vascularised long bone which derives its nourishment from various arteries of the lower limb. The quantum of blood supply is determined by the number and calibre of these arteries. Shaft of this bone is supplied by the vessels from perforators of the thigh which gives nutrient branches to it. Femoral shaft fractures are severe disabling injuries that demand critical evaluation as to the method of treatment. Since the success of these operations depends on a minimal interference with the blood supply of the bone, the knowledge of anatomy of the nutrient vessels is of considerable importance. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 300 adult femora available in the department of Anatomy. The study was undertaken to collect information on the variations in number, location, size of the nutrient foramina and if correlation exists between the length of femur and number of nutrient foramina. Results: 60% of the bones had double, 39.33% had single and only 0.67% had single nutrient foramina (NF). 52% of them were on medial lip of linea aspera followed by 41%on lateral lip and the rest scattered. 80% of NF was located on upper and middle segments of shaft and very meagre number in lower segment. No correlation was noted between number of NF and length of the bone. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings in the present study are compared and analyzed with previous researchers. The magnitude of care to be imparted while dealing with fractures of femoral shaft is discussed. The detailed knowledge on vascular anatomy of shaft would allow surgeon to preserve them during procedures.

Variation in the Number and Position of Nutrient Foramina of Long Bones of Lower Limb in North Indians.

Aims and Objectives: The major blood supply of the long bones is through the nutrient arterywhich enter through the nutrient foramina leadinginto an oblique nutrient canal. The presence, number, position and distances from the various prominent landmarks on the bone have medical as well as surgical significance. The present study was done on the long bones of North Indians to know the mean values of the number, position of nutrient foramina and distance from various landmarks on the bones and ultimately to compare with other populations. Materials and Methods: The present study consists of 180 long bones of lower limb (60 femora, 60 tibiae, 60 fibulae) which were taken from Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah (Amritsar), India and studied carefully for the number, position and distance of nutrient foramina in relation to length and from the proximal epiphysis of the long bones. Also the anteroposterior and lateromedial diameter of the bone at the level of nutrient foramen were studied. Main outcome measure: Variations in number, position and distance in relation to length and from proximal epiphysis of long bones was seen. Results: The nutrient foramen of femur was located on the linea aspera in 76.50% of cases(39% in interstice 9.5% on the lateral lip and 28.00% on the medial lip of the linea aspera), 18.50 %on the medial surface and 5%.on the lateral surface. Nutrient foramen of tibia was located in 95.50% of cases under the soleal line at the average distance of 119.8 mm from intercondylar eminence to the nutrient foramen, on the soleal line in 4%and on the lateral border in 0.50% of cases. Nutrient foramen of fibula was found on the posterior surface in 65 % of cases, in 15% on the medial surface, on the interosseous border in 10% ,on the lateral surface in 7% and on the posterior border in 3% of cases. Conclusion: This study will provide the ethnic data for comparison among various populations. It is also helpful in various surgical procedures and in interpretation of radiological images.

Variation in the Number and Position of Nutrient Foramina of Long Bones of Lower Limb in North Indians.

Aims and Objectives: The major blood supply of the long bones is through the nutrient arterywhich enter through the nutrient foramina leadinginto an oblique nutrient canal. The presence, number, position and distances from the various prominent landmarks on the bone have medical as well as surgical significance. The present study was done on the long bones of North Indians to know the mean values of the number, position of nutrient foramina and distance from various landmarks on the bones and ultimately to compare with other populations. Materials and Methods: The present study consists of 180 long bones of lower limb (60 femora, 60 tibiae, 60 fibulae) which were taken from Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah (Amritsar), India and studied carefully for the number, position and distance of nutrient foramina in relation to length and from the proximal epiphysis of the long bones. Also the anteroposterior and lateromedial diameter of the bone at the level of nutrient foramen were studied. Main outcome measure: Variations in number, position and distance in relation to length and from proximal epiphysis of long bones was seen. Results: The nutrient foramen of femur was located on the linea aspera in 76.50% of cases(39% in interstice 9.5% on the lateral lip and 28.00% on the medial lip of the linea aspera), 18.50 %on the medial surface and 5%.on the lateral surface. Nutrient foramen of tibia was located in 95.50% of cases under the soleal line at the average distance of 119.8 mm from intercondylar eminence to the nutrient foramen, on the soleal line in 4%and on the lateral border in 0.50% of cases. Nutrient foramen of fibula was found on the posterior surface in 65 % of cases, in 15% on the medial surface, on the interosseous border in 10% ,on the lateral surface in 7% and on the posterior border in 3% of cases. Conclusion: This study will provide the ethnic data for comparison among various populations. It is also helpful in various surgical procedures and in interpretation of radiological images.

Morphological variations of nutrient foramina in lower limb long bones.

Background: The major blood supply to long bone is from the nutrient arteries, which enter through nutrient foramina. Nutrient foramen is an opening into the bone shaft which give passage to the blood vessels of the medullary cavity of a bone The direction of the nutrient foramen of all bones is away from growing end and has a particular position for each bone. Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult lower limb long bones. Material and Method: The study was performed on 150 lower limb long bones which included 50 femora, 50 tibiae and 50 fibulae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar. Results: The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different lower limb long bones. In femur double and triple foramina were observed. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in femur and fibula. Conclusion: The topographical knowledge of these foramina is useful in certain operative procedures, in orthopedics as well as in plastic and reconstructive surgery, to avoid damage to the nutrient vessels.