Considerações sobre a construção da noção de objeto em psicanálise: Freud, Klein e Pichon-Rivière / Reflections on the building of object notion in psychoanalysis: Freud, Klein, and Pichon-Rivière / Consideraciones sobre la construcción de la noción de objeto en psicoanálisis: Freud, Klein y Pichon-Rivière

Visamos com este trabalho contribuir com algumas considerações sobre a construção da noção de objeto em psicanálise, partindo dos referenciais teóricos de Freud e Melanie Klein, para em seguida pensar a abordagem de Pichon-Rivière, a qual traz uma relação de complementariedade a modificações inovadoras significativas. Foi a partir do curso em Coordenação e Manejo de Grupos em diferentes contextos realizado no Núcleo de estudos em saúde mental e psicanálise das configurações vinculares (NESME), que nasceram algumas inquietações que conduziram a este trabalho. Ao coordenar grupos trazemos conosco as nossas representações a respeito do que seja o objeto, e se o grupo é tomado como objeto, portaremos também uma noção de grupo internalizada. Pareceu-nos importante que essas questões pudessem ser alvo de reflexões constantes por parte de coordenadores de grupos, bem como a apropriação e fundamentação teórica de como se deram essas construções a partir da psicanálise. Este estudo introdutório poderá servir de base para a compreensão dos respectivos desdobramentos relacionados à constituição da subjetividade humana em psicanálise, alimentando posteriormente uma continuidade para pensar os fenômenos grupais propriamente ditos.

With this study, we aim to achieve a few considerations on the building of object notion in psychoanalysis, with a starting reference from Freud and Melanie Klein's theories, to then, consider Pichon-Rivière's approach, which brings a relationship of complementarity and significant innovative modifications. It was from the Group Management and Teórico Considerações sobre a construção da noção de objeto em psicanálise: Freud, Klein e Pichon-Rivière Reflections on the building of object notion in psychoanalysis: Freud, Klein, and Pichon-Rivière Consideraciones sobre la construcción de la noción de objeto en psicoanálisis: Freud, Klein y Pichon-Rivière Sandra Aparecida Ramos de Mello 1 sand.mello@yahoo.com.br Instituto Sedes Sapientiae, Brasil Recepção: 23 Fevereiro 2023 Aprovação: 08 Maio 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32467/issn.1982-1492v20n1a9 Resumo: Visamos com este trabalho contribuir com algumas considerações sobre a construção da noção de objeto em psicanálise, partindo dos referenciais teóricos de Freud e Melanie Klein, para em seguida pensar a abordagem de Pichon-Rivière, a qual traz uma relação de complementariedade a modificações inovadoras significativas. Foi a partir do curso em Coordenação e Manejo de Grupos em diferentes contextos realizado no Núcleo de estudos em saúde mental e psicanálise das configurações vinculares (NESME), que nasceram algumas inquietações que conduziram a este trabalho. Ao coordenar grupos trazemos conosco as nossas representações a respeito do que seja o objeto, e se o grupo é tomado como objeto, portaremos também uma noção de grupo internalizada. Pareceu-nos importante que essas questões pudessem ser alvo de reflexões constantes por parte de coordenadores de grupos, bem como a apropriação e fundamentação teórica de como se deram essas construções a partir da psicanálise. Este estudo introdutório poderá servir de base para a compreensão dos respectivos desdobramentos relacionados à constituição da subjetividade humana em psicanálise, alimentando posteriormente uma continuidade para pensar os fenômenos grupais propriamente ditos. Palavras-chave: Psicanálise, Objeto, Relações de Objeto, Vínculo. Abstract: With this study, we aim to achieve a few considerations on the building of object notion in psychoanalysis, with a starting reference from Freud and Melanie Klein's theories, to then, consider Pichon-Rivière's approach, which brings a relationship of complementarity and significant innovative modifications. It was from the Group Management and Coordination course in different contexts carried out at the Center of mental health studies and psychoanalysis of linking configurations (NESME), where some disquietudes emerged and lead to this study. By coordinating groups, we bring with us our representations about what the object is and if the group is taken as object, and will also consider an internalized notion of group. It seemed important to us that these questions could be the target of constant deliberations from group coordinators, as well as the appropriation and theoretical foundations as to how these concepts from psychoanalysis came to be. This introductory study may serve as a basis for the comprehension of the respective unfolding related to the formation of human subjectivity in psychoanalysis, subsequently fostering a way to continue thinking about group phenomena per se.

Con este trabajo pretendemos contribuir con algunas consideraciones sobre la construcción de la noción de objeto en psicoanálisis, a partir de los referenciales teóricos de Freud y Melanie Klein, para luego pensar en el enfoque de Pichon-Rivière, que trae una relación de complementariedad a modificaciones innovadoras significativas. Fue a partir del curso de Coordinación y Gestión de Grupos en diferentes contextos realizado en el Núcleo de Estudios en salud mental y psicoanálisis de las configuraciones vinculares (NESME), que nacieron algunas inquietudes que llevaron a este trabajo. Al coordinar grupos, traemos con nosotros nuestras representaciones de lo que es el objeto, y si el grupo se toma como un objeto, también llevaremos una noción interiorizada de grupo. Nos pareció importante que estos temas pudieran ser objeto de constante reflexión por parte de los coordinadores de los grupos, así como la apropiación y fundamentación teórica de cómo se dieron estas construcciones desde el psicoanálisis. Este estudio introductorio puede servir de base para comprender los respectivos desarrollos relacionados con la constitución de la subjetividad humana en psicoanálisis, alimentando posteriormente una continuidad para pensar los fenómenos grupales propiamente dichos.

Application of Theory of ''Pathogen Invading Nutrient and Blood Aspects'' in Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system， with a high incidence， a low overall survival rate， and poor prognosis after treatment. It has become a major public health problem that threatens the lives and health of people. Since the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is still not fully unraveled， it is difficult to implement primary prevention. Therefore， the research on secondary prevention of gastric cancer， i.e.， precancerous lesions of gastric cancer， is extremely important and has become the focus of many researchers. Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer are the key pathological links in the transformation of inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa into gastric cancer， including chronic atrophic gastritis， intestinal metaplasia， and dysplasia. Relevant studies have confirmed that with the aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions， the incidence and risk of gastric cancer also increase. Therefore， early diagnosis and effective intervention in the pathological link of gastric precancerous lesions is a key measure to prevent and reduce the incidence of gastric cancer， with great significance. More studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can truncate and reverse the pathological grading of gastric mucosa， and can also effectively improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients， with few adverse reactions and low recurrence rate， which has unique advantages and characteristics. The theory of ''pathogen invading nutrient and blood aspects'' was first proposed by WU Youxing， a febrile disease doctor， in Treatise on Pestilence （《温疫论》）. It was originally used for the treatment of syndrome changes in the late stage of febrile epidemics， but after being enriched and developed by different doctors， it is now mostly used to guide the treatment of various chronic diseases. Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer are a common and difficult disease in clinical practice. Its evolution process is characterized by asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality and deficiency-excess in complexity， which is consistent with the core pathogenesis of ''pathogen invading nutrient and blood aspects''， namely， positive deficiency and intruding pathogen， and intruding pathogen cementation in the blood vessels. They are also interlinked in terms of treatment principles. Therefore， with the theory of ''pathogen invading nutrient and blood aspects'' as the breakthrough point， this article expounded the intervention effect of TCM on precancerous lesions of gastric cancer from the perspective of this theory， reflecting its important guidance and application value and providing new ideas for clinical treatment of diseases.

Multi-link Linkage Research on Medical Humanistic Education by Integrating Narrative Medical Materials / 中国医学伦理学

Taking the current situation and problems of medical humanities education as the background, the concept of narrative medicine was used to sort out and integrate various course materials of medical humanities, explore the multi-link linkage mode of medical humanities education, and organically integrate medical humanities courses scattered in medical education activities such as medical ethics, health law, doctor-patient communication, and health policy science with teaching stages, teaching resources, and teaching methods, forming vivid narrative medical materials throughout the entire process of medical humanities education, and improving teaching efficiency by sharing and optimizing resources. Through questionnaire analysis, it was found that there are many unsatisfactory aspects of medical humanities education. Further analysis of the issues focuses on the contradiction between learning willingness and time allocation, the lack of synchronization between teaching and social development, the lack of integration between courses, and insufficient innovation in teaching methods. Based on these, countermeasures were put forward to integrate narrative medical materials of medical humanities courses and build a platform for the application and communication of narrative medical materials.

Será que ainda amamos as crianças? / ¿Aún amamos a los niños? / Do we still love children? / Aime-t-on encore les enfants?

Cruzando o processo de subjetivação com a lógica que explica a forma contemporânea do laço social, é possível tanto extrair os elementos necessários à criança para se realizar (emancipar-se do Outro parental, para que, como sujeito, seja responsável por sua posição e seus atos; dotar-se de uma solução que lhe permita se inserir no laço social; que ela coloque sua vida em uma narrativa congruente com àquela coletivamente compartilhada) quanto buscar identificar o que contraria a sua realização (o apagamento da singularidade em favor de uma individualidade formatada pelas ideologias neoliberais e o discurso capitalista). Este artigo propõe uma reconstrução isolando conceitos (desejo, gozo, sintoma) para pensar como cada um aloja que é singular no coletivo sem se dissolver na massa e sem estilhaçá-lo no rochedo da singularidade

En el cruce del proceso de subjetivación con la lógica explicadora de la forma contemporánea del vínculo social, es posible extraer los elementos necesarios para que el niño se realice. Eso inclue la emancipación del Otro paterno, de modo que, como sujeto,sea responsable de su posición y sus actos, la dotación de una solución que le permita insertarse en el vínculo social y la capacidad de poner su vida en una narrativa congruente con la compartida colectivamente. Eso favore la búsqueda por identificar lo que va en contra de su logro: la eliminación de la singularidad en favor de una individualidad moldeada por ideologías neoliberales y discurso capitalista. Este artículo propone una reconstrucción aislando conceptos (deseo, goce, síntoma) para pensar cómo cada uno almacena lo singular en lo colectivo sin perder su individualidad o perturbar lo colectivo

At the crossroads of the child's process of subjectivation and the reasoning behind contemporary social link patterns, there lies the extraction of the elements needed for the infant's self-realisation. This involves emancipating oneself from the parental Other, so that one might -having attained selfhood -, be held accountable for one's position and actions, as well as be equipped with approaches to societal integration, in addition to constructing a life narrative which is compatible with collectively shared values. This highlights the challenge posed by current trends such as the eradication of singularity in favor of an individuality shaped by neoliberal ideologies and capitalist discourse. That the child must suffer from the characteristics of the contemporary social link represents an anthropological emergency that merits both clinical and political responses.Keywords:capitalist discourse; castration; humanization; social link; childhood

Le croisement du processus de subjectivation avec la logique ordonnant la forme contemporaine du lien social permet d'extraire les éléments requis par l'enfant pour se réaliser : s'émanciper de l'Autre parental pour que, comme sujet, il soit responsable desa position et de ses actes, se dote d'une solution qui lui permette de se loger dans le lien social, mette sa vie en récit de façon congruente avec celui collectivement partagé. D'où le repérage de ce qui y contrevient aujourd'hui : l'arasement de la singularité au profit de l'individualité formatée par les idéologies néolibérales et le discours capitaliste. L'enfant a à souffrir des caractéristiques du lien social contemporain et cette urgence anthropologique exige une réponse clinique et politique

Prevalencia y localización gástrica del Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con atrofia y metaplasia intestinal en una institución de alta complejidad en Colombia / Prevalence and Gastric Location of Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Intestinal Atrophy and Metaplasia in a Tertiary Care Institution in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: Helicobacter pylori juega un papel fundamental en la cascada de carcinogénesis del cáncer gástrico tipo intestinal; sin embargo, no existe claridad respecto a su prevalencia en condiciones preneoplásicas que generan cambio en el microambiente de la mucosa. Actualmente se recomienda la vigilancia endoscópica por protocolo de Sydney cada 2 a 3 años, pero no es clara la presencia de H. pylori en la región subcardial y el fondo gástrico. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y localización gástrica del H. pylori en pacientes con condiciones preneoplásicas. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en adultos con diagnóstico previo de atrofia o metaplasia intestinal que ingresaron a endoscopia de control, a quienes se les tomaron biopsias del antro, cuerpo, incisura angularis, región subcardial y fondo gástrico. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados por regiones gástricas. Resultados: se recolectó la información de 160 pacientes con una prevalencia de H. pylori del 37,5 %, la cual fue en aumento de proximal a distal iniciando con una prevalencia de 12,5 % en la región subcardial hasta una prevalencia de 30,6 % en el antro; hubo un patrón similar en la prevalencia de lesiones preneoplásicas. Se observó una mayor presencia de lesiones avanzadas (displasia, carcinoma) en la incisura. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de H. pylori en condiciones premalignas evidenció una mayor presencia en las regiones distales en comparación con las proximales, y es más frecuente en la región antral y menor en la región subcardial. En cuanto a la distribución gástrica de atrofia y metaplasia, se encontró mayor compromiso en el antro y la incisura, y es baja en la región subcardial y el fondo.

Abstract Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis cascade of intestinal gastric cancer. However, its prevalence in preneoplastic conditions generating changes in the gastric mucosa is unclear. Currently, endoscopic surveillance using the Sydney protocol is suggested every 2 to 3 years, but the presence of H. pylori infection in the subcardial region and gastric fundus is ill-defined. Objective: to determine the prevalence and gastric location of H. pylori infection in patients with preneoplastic conditions. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study in adults with a previous diagnosis of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia who entered control endoscopy and were antrum, body, incisura angularis, subcardial region, and gastric fundus biopsied. A descriptive analysis of the results by gastric regions was performed. Results: data from 160 patients with a prevalence of H. pylori of 37.5% were collected. It increased from proximal to distal, starting with a 12.5% prevalence in the subcardial region to a 30.6% prevalence in the antrum. In addition, there was a similar pattern in the prevalence of preneoplastic lesions. Furthermore, advanced lesions (dysplasia, carcinoma) were observed in the incisura. Conclusions: the prevalence of H. pylori in precancerous conditions showed a high presence in the distal regions compared to the proximal ones, and it is more frequent in the antrum and lower in the subcardial region. As for the gastric distribution of atrophy and metaplasia, more involvement was found in the antrum and angular notch and lower in the subcardial region and fundus.

Femmes dans un lien conjugal violent. Passivité-détresse dans les liens premiers et entraves de la subjectivation / Mulheres numa relação conjugal violenta. Passividade-angústia nas principais ligações e obstáculos à subjetivação / Women in a violent marital relationship. Passivity-distress in the first links and barriers to subjectivation / Mujeres en un vinculo conyugal violento. Pasividad-angustia en los vinculos primarios y obstáculos de la subjectivación

Les violences à l'égard des femmes commises par un partenaire intime actuel ou ancien constituent encore un grave problème humain en dépit des mesures de prévention et de traitement adoptées. Notre objectif est d'approfondir, à partir de vignettes cliniques, la compréhension des enjeux subjectifs dans le lien à l'autre. Nous avons mené une analyse de discours de 36 entretiens cliniques avec des femmes durablement victimes de diverses formes de violences physiques de la part de leurs ex-conjoints. Hormis le constat fréquent de phénomènes d'emprise dans ces liens conjugaux, nous observons, dans un cas sur deux, une difficulté majeure à subjectiver ce qui leur est arrivé. Au-delà des effets des traumatismes vécus, certaines de ces femmes semblent aliénées à des scénarios infantiles douloureux qu'elles répètent dans le lien de couple afin de les rejouer différemment ou de les résoudre.

Resumos A violência contra as mulheres cometida por um parceiro íntimo, atual ou antigo, ainda é um problema grave, apesar das medidas de prevenção e tratamento adotadas. O nosso objetivo é aprofundar a compreensão dos interesses subjetivos na ligação ao outro, com base em vinhetas clínicas. Realizamos uma análise discursiva de 36 entrevistas clínicas com mulheres que foram vítimas a longo prazo de várias formas de violência física por parte dos seus ex-cônjuges. Para além da observação frequente dos fenômenos de controle nestas relações conjugais, observamos, num caso em cada dois, uma grande dificuldade em subjetivar o que lhes aconteceu. Para além dos efeitos resultantes dos traumas que viveram, algumas destas mulheres parecem estar presas aos dolorosos cenários da infância que se repetem na relação de casal, a fim de os reproduzir de forma diferente ou de os resolver.

Despite preventive and curative measures, violence against women by a current or former intimate partner remains a serious social issue. Based on clinical vignettes, this paper seeks to deepen the understanding of the subjective issues in the relationship with the other. A total of 36 clinical interviews with women victims of various forms of physical violence by their ex-partners were investigated by speech analysis. Besides the frequent phenomena of control in these marital bonds, we observed, in one case out of two, a great difficult in subjectivize what happen to them. Beyond the effects of the traumas they have experienced, some of these women seem to be caught in the repetition of deeply painful childhood scenarios that they repeat in their marital relationships to either reproduce them differently or solve them.

La violencia contra la mujer por parte de su pareja actual o anterior sigue siendo un grave problema humano, a pesar de las medidas de prevención y tratamiento adoptadas. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar, a partir de viñetas clínicas, la comprensión de las cuestiones subjetivas en el vínculo con el otro. Realizamos un análisis de discursos de 36 entrevistas clínicas con mujeres que han sido víctimas de diversas formas de violencia física por parte de sus ex-cónyuges. Aparte de los frecuentes fenómenos de dominación en estos vínculos conyugales, en uno de cada dos casos se observa una dificultad importante para subjetivar lo que les ha sucedido. Más allá de los efectos de los traumas sufridos, algunas de esas mujeres parecen alienadas a escenarios infantiles dolorosos que repiten en el vínculo de pareja para jugarlos de otra manera o resolverlos.

Research of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in nursing teaching of operating room / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in operating room nursing teaching.Methods:A total of 60 nursing students of operating room accepted by our unit from October 2019 to October 2020 were divided into the control group (30 cases, using routine nursing instruction of operating room) and the experimental group (30 cases, taking reflective circulation fusion link teaching). The assessment results, self-directed learning ability and satisfaction with the teaching before and after the teaching were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge and nursing skills assessment in the two groups were improved, and the scores of the experimental group after teaching were higher than those of the control group[(92.84±5.91) vs. (87.25±7.29); (91.68±7.14) vs. (85.96±8.62)] ( P<0.05); the two groups were both improved in terms of learning awareness, learning behaviors, learning strategies, and learning evaluation and interpersonal skills dimensions, and the scores of the above-mentioned dimensions of the test group after teaching were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfaction scores of improving learning initiative, deepening the understanding and mastery of theoretical knowledge, and enhancing operational skills were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of reflective circulation fusion link teaching in nursing students of the operating room can not only enhance the students' assessment results and self-directed learning ability, but also improve their satisfaction of the teaching.

Establishment and preliminary application of a joint detection method for transplantation-associated infection pathogens / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effectiveness of multilink real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the detection of common pathogens in transplantation. 【Methods】 The primers of the qPCR detection system were designed for 24 common infectious pathogens after clinical transplantation, and the standard plasmids of each pathogen were used to verify the qPCR reaction.After the primer probe effect and concentration of each pathogen reaction system in this experiment was optimized, the sensitivity, correlation coefficient (R2) and amplification efficiency (E) of qPCR method were analyzed and confirmed.Twenty-two samples from patients, who underwent liver and kidney transplantation in transplant ICU of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, were used to verify the application of the detection system.The total nucleic acid of 100 μL was extracted from each individual and divided into two aliquots, which were detected by multi-link qPCR reaction system and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing method (NGS). At the same time, samples (2 mL each) were taken from the transplanted patients for microbial culture.The results of the three detection methods were compared, and the NGS method was taken as the gold standard to analyze the positive detection rate of the multi-link qPCR method and its difference with the culture method and NGS. 【Results】 The lower limit of qPCR detection for 24 pathogens in the established qPCR detection system was 101cp/μL(R2>0.99), with the positive rate of pathogens at 59.1% (13/22), showing significant difference versus microbial culture (18.2%, 4/22)(P<0.05), but not versus NGS (63.6%, 14/22)(P>0.05). Percentage of pathogens detected was as follows: human herpetic virus type 6 (HHV-6) 30.8% (4/13), cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 23.1% (3/13), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 23.1% (3/13), human parvovirus B19 15.4% (2/13), Haemophilus influenzae (Hin) 15.4% (2/13), Enterococcus faecium (EFM) 15.4% (2/13), Clostridium difficile 15.4% (2/13), Escherichia coli 7.7% (1/13), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sma) 7.7% (1/13), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) 7.7% (1/13), Enterococcus faecalis (Efa) 7.7% (1/13) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) 7.7% (1/13). The consistency rate of pathogens detected by the three methods was 32% (7/22), among which the consistency rate of multi-link qPCR with NGS method was 59% (13/22), and multi-link qPCR with microbial culture was 41% (9/22). 【Conclusion】 Compared with the microbial culture, the multi-link qPCR method demonstrated high sensitivity, accurate quantification, short time and low cost for the detection of common pathogens in clinical transplantation.Multi-link qPCR combined with NGS and microbial culture is helpful to quickly predict the pathogen infection status of patients after transplantation.

Design and evaluation of ocular hydrogel containing combination of ofloxacin and dexamethasone for the treatment of conjunctivitis

Abstract Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball. It can be caused by allergies, bacterial or viral infection. In situ hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic cross-linked network of polymers. In situ hydrogel provided better therapeutic index when compared to conventional treatment. The present work describes the formulation and evaluation of ofloxacin and dexamethasone based on the concept of pH triggered in situ gelation. Carbopol 934p was used as the gelling agent in combination with HPMC, as a viscosity-enhancing agent, benzalkonium chloride as preservative, sodium chloride as tonicity adjusting agent. The prepared formulations were liquid at the low pH and underwent rapid transition into viscous gel at the pH of the tear fluid. Formulations were evaluated for various rheological, in vitro and in vivo release characteristics. Infrared spectroscopy studies showed that there were no interactions between the drug and polymers. Viscosity of the prepared hydrogels lies in the optimum range and drug was released up to 85 % as the end of 13 h. The prepared in situ hydrogel was sterile, non-irritant to the eye. The present study indicated that it is possible to develop safe and physiologically effective in situ hydrogel which is patient compliant.

Esquistossomose mansônica como doença profissional: a importância de estabelecer o nexo / Schistosomiasis mansoni as an occupational disease: the importance of establishing the link

Resumo Este ensaio destaca o perfil do trabalhador de área rural, portador da Esquistossomose mansônica, doença endêmica adquirida durante suas atividades laborais em áreas alagadas da baixada maranhense. Faz-se uma análise da legislação previdenciária e trabalhista utilizada para fins de concessão de benefícios e do nexo causal que estabelece a relação entre a situação de trabalho e o surgimento da doença. Para tal, utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática e pesquisa documental do plano jurídico formal da previdência. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de reconhecer esta relação nas regiões endêmicas, no sentido de aprimorar o proposto na "Lista de Doenças Relacionadas ao Trabalho".

Abstract This study highlights the profile of rural workers with schistosomiasis mansoni, an endemic disease acquired during their work activities in flooded areas in the Baixada Maranhense. In order to analyze the social security and labor legislation used to grant benefits and the causal link that establishes the relationship between the work situation and the onset of the disease, we performed a bibliographical research on the topic and a documentary research on the formal legal plan of social security. This study addresses the need to recognize this relationship in endemic regions in order to improve what is proposed by the List of Work-Related Diseases.

¿Podría ser el maltrato animal un indicador policial de violencia de género? Análisis de casos en España / Could animal abuse be a police indicator of gender violence? Analysis of cases in Spain / O abuso de animais poderia ser um indicador policial da violência baseada no gênero? Análise de casos na Espanha

La concurrencia entre el maltrato animal y la violencia de género, cometidos por el mismo maltratador, ha sido señalada en los últimos años en diversas sociedades, principalmente en EE. UU., Reino Unido y Australia. En este estudio analizamos esta relación en España, con la idea de investigar la posible utilización del maltrato animal como indicador policial de violencia de género. Hemos vislumbrado la perpetración del maltrato animal, de forma instrumental, con el fin de controlar a la (ex)pareja, o de forma expresiva para causar daño de forma indirecta a la (ex)pareja. Creemos pertinente avanzar en esta clase de estudios mediante la recolección de más datos y la realización de análisis cualitativos.

The concurrence between animal abuse and gender violence, committed by the same abuser, has been reported in recent years in several societies, mainly in the USA, United Kingdom and Australia. In this study we analyze this relationship in Spain, with the idea of investigating the possible use of animal abuse as a police indicator of gender violence. We have glimpsed the perpetration of animal abuse, in an instrumental way, in order to control the (ex)partner, or in an expressive way to indirectly cause harm to the (ex)partner. We believe it is pertinent to advance in this kind of studies by collecting more data and conducting qualitative analyses.

A concorrência entre o abuso de animais e a violência de gênero, cometida pelo mesmo abusador, tem sido relatada nos últimos anos em várias sociedades, principalmente nos EUA, no Reino Unido e na Austrália. Neste estudo analisamos esta relação na Espanha, com a idéia de investigar o possível uso de abuso de animais como um indicador policial de violência de gênero. Vislumbramos a perpetração de abuso de animais, de forma instrumental, a fim de controlar o (ex)parceiro, ou de forma expressiva para causar indiretamente danos ao (ex)parceiro. Acreditamos que é pertinente avançar neste tipo de estudos, coletando mais dados e realizando análises qualitativas.

A sublimação como parte da espera pela adoção: vivências de adotantes em grupos de apoio a adoção no interior Cearense / Sublimation as a part of waiting for adoption: widows of adopters in adoption support groups in the interior of Ceará / Sublimación como parte de la espera de adopción: experiencias de los adoptantes en grupos de apoyo a la adopción en el interior de Ceará

A prática da adoção é antiga, sofrendo modificações através dos tempos devido aos interesses sociais. Antes os cuidados destinavam-se aos adotantes, a eles caberia gerir os adotados; atualmente, sob a vigência de uma política integral, visa os interesses do adotando. Pensamento "novo" à história da adoção. Este estudo busca compreender as emoções vivenciadas pelos pretendentes a adoção durante o processo e na formação de um novo vínculo. Com metodologia qualitativa utilizou-se acervos da psicologia, serviço social e direito, participaram do estudo três pretendentes à adoção. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Analisou-se as informações através da análise de conteúdo temática. Observou-se que no interior do Ceará a atuação referente à adoção está sendo revisitada. E a articulação realizada por grupos de apoio à adoção, formados por adotantes e equipes multiprofissionais de prefeituras ganha espaço. Tais grupos surgem como um acolhimento diante das emoções enfrentadas pelos adotantes, atuando como ambiente de trocas experienciais entre aqueles que já conquistaram o filho real e aqueles que ainda vislumbram o ideal. Assim, tais grupos agem como mecanismos defensivos sublimatórios frente às ansiedades de adotantes.

The practice of adoption is old, changing over time due to social interests. Before care was for adopters, it would be up to them to manage adoptees; currently, under a comprehensive policy, it targets the adopter's interests. "New" thinking to the history of adoption. This study seeks to understand the emotions experienced by applicants for adoption during the process and in the formation of a new link. With qualitative methodology was used collections of psychology, social work and law, participated in the study three applicants for adoption. A semi-structured interview script was used. The information was analyzed through thematic content analysis. It was observed that in the interior of Ceará the action regarding adoption is being revisited. And the articulation carried out by adoption support groups, made up of adopters and multi-professional municipal teams, gains space. Such groups emerge as a welcome in front of the emotions faced by adopters, acting as an environment of experiential exchanges between those who have already conquered the royal child and those who still envision the ideal. Thus, such groups act as sublimative defensive mechanisms in the face of adopter anxieties.

La práctica de la adopción es antigua y cambia con el tiempo debido a intereses sociales. Antes de atender a los adoptantes, dependería de ellos administrar a los adoptados; Actualmente, bajo una política integral, se dirige a los intereses del adoptante. "Nuevo" pensamiento a la historia de la adopción. Este estudio busca comprender las emociones experimentadas por los solicitantes de adopción durante el proceso y en la formación de un nuevo vínculo. Con la metodología cualitativa se utilizaron colecciones de psicología, trabajo social y derecho, participaron en el estudio tres solicitantes para su adopción. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurada. La información se analizó mediante análisis de contenido temático. Se observó que en el interior de Ceará se está revisando la acción con respecto a la adopción. Y la articulación llevada a cabo por grupos de apoyo a la adopción, compuestos por adoptantes y equipos municipales multiprofesionales, gana espacio. Tales grupos emergen como una bienvenida frente a las emociones que enfrentan los adoptantes, actuando como un ambiente de intercambios experienciales entre aquellos que ya han conquistado al niño real y aquellos que todavía imaginan el ideal. Por lo tanto, tales grupos actúan como mecanismos defensivos y sublimativos frente a las ansiedades de los adoptant.

El fotolenguaje: un espacio grupal de amparo / Photolanguage: a group space of protection / Fotolinguajem: um espaço grupal de amparo

Durante el Congreso Internacional "Vínculos em tempos de desamparo. Possibilidades de trabalho psicanalítico com grupos, famílias, casais e instituições". XII Congresso Brasileiro de Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares. y X Encontro Paulista de Saúde Mental, realizado del 23 al 26 de mayo de 2019 en Serra Negra, San Pablo, fuimos invitados por nuestros colegas integrantes de NESME, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Mental e Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares, a colaborar en la organización de espacios de acogida para los asistentes al Congreso a través de seciones de Fotolenguaje, coordinadas por duplas brasileño-uruguayas, Asimismo, representó la oportunidad de presentar por primera vez en Brasil, las nuevas carpetas de fotos uruguayas. Como integrantes del Departamento de Fotolenguaje de la Asociación de Psiquiatría y Psicopatología de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (APPIA) de Uruguay, participamos, comprometidos e identificados con los objetivos y propuestas del Congreso, en lo que refiere a nuestro quehacer: trabajar en el campo de la salud mental, en la atención de la salud integral de las personas, apoyándonos en la fortaleza de la intervención con el dispositivo grupal de mediación: el Fotolenguaje.

During the International Congress "Vínculos em tempos de desamparo. Possibilidades de trabalho psicanalítico com grupos, famílias, casais e instituições". XII Congresso Brasileiro de Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares. y X Encontro Paulista de Saúde Mental, (Links in times of helplessness. Possibility of Psychoanalytical work with groups, families, couples and institutions ” XII Brazilian Congress on Psychoanalysis of Bonds Configurations and X Paulista Mental Health Meeting) held in Serra Negra, San Pablo from May 23-26, 2019, we were invited by our colleagues from NESME, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Mental e Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares (Centre for Studies on Mental Health and Psychoanalysis on Configurational Bonds, to cooperate in the organization of welcoming spaces for participants in the Congress through photolanguage sessions, coordinated by Brazilian-Uruguayan working in pairs. It is also our first opportunity to present the new folders of Uruguayan photos in Brazil. As members of the Photolanguage Department of the Uruguayan Childhood and Adolescent Psychopathology and Psychiatry Association (APPIA), we are engaged and committed to the goals and proposals of the Congress, with reference to our work in the mental health field, and in providing integral health attention to people, based on our strength of intervention with the group mediation device: Photolanguage.

Durante o Congresso Internacional "Vínculos em tempos de desamparo. Possibilidades de trabalho psicanalítico com grupos, famílias, casais e institutos". XII Congresso Brasileiro de Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares e X encontro Paulista de Saúde Mental, realizado de 23 a 26 de maio de 2019 em Serra Negra, São Paulo; fomos convidadas por nossos colegas do NESME, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Mental e Psicanálise das Configurações Vinculares, para colaborar na organização de espaços de acolhimento para participantes do congresso através de seções fotolinguagem, coordenadas por duplas de brasileiros e uruguaios. Também representou a oportunidade de apresentar, pela primeira vez no Brasil, as novas pranchas fotográficas uruguaias. Como membros do Departamento de Fotolinguagem da Associação de Psiquiatria e Psicopatologia da Criança e do Adolescente (APPIA) do Uruguai, participamos, comprometidos e identificados com os objetivos e propostas do Congresso, em termos de nosso trabalho: trabalhar no campo da saúde mental, no cuidado da saúde integral das pessoas, contando com a força da intervenção com o dispositivo de mediação do grupo: Linguagem fotográfica.

Grupanálise de psicóticos frente ao desamparo, e a força do vínculo de preservação / Psycho group analysis facing helplesnesss, and the strength of the preservation link / Análisis del grupo psico enfrentando la impotencia la fuerza y la fuerza del vinculo de preservacón

Grupo de psicóticos, defronta com desamparo frente à mudança de setting para cidade vizinha. A característica comum é que todos os componentes são egressos de internação psiquiátrica, onde foram atendidos em grupo terapia pelo respectivo terapeuta. Viveram momentos regredidos, desagregados e desamparados pela doença. No tratamento multidisciplinar hospitalar criou-se forte vínculo terapêutico, que prosseguiu no consultório. Este grupo adquiriu a característica psicodinâmica trazida da experiência institucional. Portanto, no consultório experimentamos um setting dinâmico, além da sala: (parque público, caminhadas, praça de alimentação de shopping, comemorações na sala, pão de queijo, etc.). Assim estamos juntos por mais de quinze anos.

Group of psychotics faces helplessness facing the change of setting to neighboring city. The common feature is that all components are discharged from psychiatric hospitalization, where they were treated in group therapy by the respective therapist. They lived moments regressed, disaggregated and helpless by the disease. In hospital multidisciplinary treatment, a strong therapeutic bond was created, which continued in the office. This group acquired the dynamic psycho characteristic brought from institutional experience. Therefore, in the office we experimented with a dynamic setting in addition to the room: (public park, hiking, mall food court, room celebrations, cheese bread, etc.). So we have been together for over fifteen years.

Grupo de psicóticos, se enfrenta a la impotencia ante el cambio de escenario a la ciudad vecina. La característica común es que todos los componentes son dados de alta de la hospitalización psiquiátrica, donde fueron tratados en terapia grupal por su terapeuta. Vivieron momentos regresados, desglosados e indefensos por la enfermedad. En el tratamiento hospitalario multidisciplinario, se creó un fuerte vínculo terapéutico, que continuó en la oficina. Este grupo adquirió la característica psicótica dinámica traída de la experiencia institucional. Por lo tanto, en la oficina, experimentamos un entorno dinámico más allá de la sala: (parque público, senderismo, patio de comidas, fiestas, pan de queso, etc.). Así que hemos estado juntos por más de quince anos.

Do vínculo ao reconhecimento / From link to recognition / Del vínculo al reconocimiento

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma reflexão a respeito do manejo clínico, no qual a analista, mesmo percebendo a negação da paciente a se vincular, se coloca mais presente, face a face, deixando-se perceber como presença viva. Isto possibilitou, lentamente, a construção de um vínculo entre a dupla, mesmo diante de desorganizações da economia psicossomática da paciente, que surgem após a vivência de situações de vida extremamente difíceis. Será apresentado seu caso clínico no qual vários sintomas estão presentes: diverticulite no sigmoide e reto, cistite recorrente e dois episódios de Acidente Isquêmico Transitório (AIT). O contato mais aprofundado com a sua história, nos remeteu a núcleos regredidos, associados a uma angústia relacionada à questão do reconhecimento. Foi usado o referencial teórico da Psicanálise Vincular e da Psicossomática Psicanalítica, a fim de explicitar que através do vínculo estabelecido, da relação transferencial, do acolhimento e do manejo específico dessa clínica, pôde-se criar um espaço onde foi possível à paciente explicitar em palavras os pensamentos e sentimentos insuportáveis que, até então, expressava em seu corpo e ter, assim, a condição psíquica de, aos poucos, retomar a sua própria vida.

The objective of this article is to propose a reflection about the clinical management, in which the analyst, even realizing the patient's denial to be bound, is more present, face to face, letting herself be perceived as a living presence. This allowed, slowly, the construction of a bond between the duo, even in the face of disorganizations of the psychosomatic economy of the patient, which emerge after the experience of extremely difficult life situations. It will be presented its clinicai case in which several symptoms are present: Diverticulitis in the sigmoid and rectum, recurrent cystitis and two episodes of Transient Ischemic Accident (TIA). The deeper contact with his history, referred us to regressed nuclei, associated with an anguish related to the issue of recognition The theoretical framework of Binding Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychosomatics was used, in order to explain that through the established bond, the transference relationship, the welcoming and the specific management of this clinic, it was possible to create a space where the patient could be Explain in words the unbearable thoughts and feelings that, until then, expressed in his body and thus have the psychic condition of gradually resuming his own life.

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una reflexión sobre el manejo clínico, en el que el analista, incluso al darse cuenta de la negación del paciente para estar vinculado, está más presente, cara a cara, dejándose percibir como una presencia viva. Esto permitió, lentamente, la construcción de un vínculo entre el dúo, incluso ante las desorganizaciones de la economia psicosomática del paciente, que surgen después de la experiencia de situaciones de vida extremadamente dificiles. Se presentará su caso clínico en el que se presentan varios sintomas: Diverticulitis en el sigmoide y el recto, cistitis recurrente y dos episodios de Accidente Isquémico Transitorio (AIT). El contacto más profundo con su historia nos remitió a núcleos regresivos, asociados con una angustia relacionada con la cuestión del reconocimiento. Se utilizó el marco teórico de Psicoanálisis Vincular y Psicosomática Psicoanalítica., con el fin de explicar que, a través del vínculo establecido, la relación transferente, la acogida y la gestión específica de esta clínica, fue posible crear un espacio donde el paciente pudiera ser Explique con palabras los pensamientos y sentimientos insoportables que, hasta entonces, expresaron en su cuerpo y así tienen la condición psíquica de reanudar gradualmente su propia vida.

Vivências e significados do complexo de édipo nas famílias contemporâneas / Experiences and meanings of the oedipal complex in contemporary families / Bivencias y significados del complejo de edipo en las familias contemporáneas

RESUMO Este artigo busca compreender o exercício da parentalidade e da subjetivação nas famílias contemporâneas sob a perspectiva da experiência do Complexo de Édipo, a partir da teoria da psicanálise vincular. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois casais, um de avós que exerce as funções principais de cuidados com suas netas e o outro composto pela mãe biológica e o padrasto das meninas, que também participa do cotidiano familiar das crianças. Como resultado, verificou-se que o exercício da parentalidade é dividido e exercido pelos quatro participantes da entrevista, configurando uma vivência familiar atual em que os papéis parentais não estão delimitados de forma clara. No entanto, para todos os membros da família a avó representa a figura principal que exerce as funções parentais diante das netas, com estabelecimento de alianças inconscientes e aspectos intergeracionais específicos presentes na dinâmica familiar. Nesse contexto, para que ocorra uma elaboração edípica é necessária que seja exercida uma função diferenciadora, não limitada ao gênero ou filiação biológica, que permita o registro das diferenças nas relações intersubjetivas.

ABSTRACT The aim was to understand the exercise of parenting and subjectivation in contemporary families regarding to the Oedipus Complex experience, from Linkage Psychoanalysis Theory. A case study has been carried out by semi - structured interviews with two couples, represented by the grandparents who fulfil the main nurture functions with their granddaughters, and the couple formed by the biological mother and the girls' stepfather, who also takes part in the family everyday life of the children. It was found that the exercise of parenting is shared and held by the four interviewees, constituting a new family experience in which the parental roles are not limited in a clear way. Even so, however for all family members, the grandmother represents the main figure who performs parental functions in front of granddaughters, setting up unconscious alliances and intergenerational aspects which have configured the family dynamics. It was observed that for an oedipal construction it's necessary to be performed a distinctive role not limited to gender or biological paternity, which allows the record of the differences and the inter-subjective relations' division.

RESUMEN Se buscó comprender el ejercicio de la parentalidad y subjetivación en las familias contemporáneas en lo tocante a la experiencia del Complejo de Edipo, a partir de la teoría del psicoanálisis vincular. Se realizó un estudio de caso, con realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas con dos parejas, siendo la pareja de abuelos la que ejerce las funciones principales de cuidados de sus nietas y el matrimonio compuesto por la madre biológica y el padrastro de las niñas, que también participa del cotidiano familiar de los niños. Se verificó que el ejercicio de la parentalidad es dividido y ejercido por los cuatro participantes de la entrevista, configurando una vivencia familiar actual en que los papeles parentales no están delimitados de forma clara. Aun así, para todos los miembros de la familia, la abuela representa la principal figura que ejerce las funciones parentales frente a las nietas, con establecimiento de alianzas inconscientes y aspectos intergeneracionales específicos que configuraron la dinámica familiar. Se verificó que para que ocurra una elaboración edípica es necesario que se ejerza una función diferenciadora, no limitada al género o filiación biológica, que permita el registro de las diferencias y separación en las relaciones intersubjetivas.

Considerations from FDA Food Traceability to Chinese Medicinal Materials Traceability / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a Chinese saying goes， "good Chinese medicinal material makes good medicine"， the traceability of Chinese medicinal materials is closely related to the high-quality development of Chinese medicine industry. This article intends to analyze the "new era of smarter food safety blueprint" and Proposed Rule for Food Traceability related to food traceability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA）， including food traceability list， critical tracking events， and examples of exemptions. By studying the process and consideration of the construction of the FDA food traceability system， as well as the specific traceability requirements of fresh herbs， vegetables and fruits in the FDA food traceability system that are related to Chinese medicinal materials， on the one hand， it provides research materials for the communication and discussion of Chinese medicinal materials traceability， on the other hand， it also provides reference for the construction of food traceability system in China. To sort out the idea of constructing a traceability system for Chinese medicinal materials suitable for the current development status of traditional Chinese medicine， the contents to be considered are as follows：①To determine the traceability list of Chinese medicinal materials based on the risk control of Chinese medicinal materials. ②Determine the critical tracking links and information in the Chinese medicinal materials industry chain， and standardize the traceability information of Chinese medicinal materials. ③The quality information of Chinese medicinal materials should be reflected in the traceability of Chinese medicinal materials. ④Within the scope of the traceability list of Chinese medicinal materials， enterprises should be encouraged to make voluntary traceability by selecting Chinese medicinal materials with a good foundation of traceability work.

Da busca mística ao movimento político: uma análise lacaniana do islã xiita / From mystical quest to political movement: a lacanian analysis of shia islam

ABSTRACT: After the Occultation, the moment when the shiites' messiah disappeared, Shiism broke into two tendencies: the traditional-quietist and the rationalist-political. These two tendencies coexisted for centuries; only quite recently has their balance tilted towards the rationalist-political side, which brought about (principally) the Khomeini revolution in Iran. This article seeks to explore the mode of the social ties in Shia Islam from a psychoanalytic perspective, in terms of its original mystical practices as well as of the political and religious consequences of the decline of traditionalist discourse and the political emergence of "jurist-theologian" with its corollary, the Adversary.

Resumo: Depois da Ocultação, aquele momento em que o messias xiita desapareceu, o xiismo se dividiu em duas tendências: a tradicional-quietista e a racionalista-política. Essas duas tendências coexistiram durante séculos; só muito recentemente seu equilíbrio foi inclinado para o lado racionalista-político, o que provocou (principalmente) a revolução Khomeinista no Irã. Este artigo procura explorar o modo do vínculo social no Islã xiita a partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, em termos de suas práticas místicas originais, bem como das consequências políticas e religiosas do declínio do discurso tradicionalista e da emergência política da figura do "jurista-teólogo", com seu corolário, o Adversário.

A descrição matemática da detecção eletroquímica dos alcaloides do grupo da insubosina, assistida pelos novos triazóis com e sem composto de ligação / The mathematical description for the electrochemical determination of insubosin alkaloid group, assisted by new triazoles with and without link compound

RESUMO Pela primeira vez, foi feita uma abordagem teórica do desempenho dos novos derivados triazólicos durante a determinação química dos alcaloides acridínicos do grupo insubosina, na presença de uma concentração pequena de um composto de ligação. A detecção eletroanalítica é realizada mediante um mecanismo híbrido, envolvendo ou não a formação de novos compostos iónicos. É possível mostrar que o estado estacionário é estabilzado, apesar de a região topológica, que lhe é correspondente, ser mais estreita que no caso da detecção mais comum. O comportamento oscilatório, neste caso, é mais provável que nos casos mais comuns, mas o fator adicional é relacionado apenas com a introdução de um composto de ligação.

SUMMARY For the first time, a theoretical investigation of novel triazolic derivatives during the chemical determination of acridinic alkaloids of insubosin group in the presence of the presence of the small quantity of the link compound has been realized. The electrochemical determination is realized by a hybrid mechanism, involving or not the formation of novel ionic compounds. It is possible to show that the steady-state is stabilized, despite ofthe narrower correspondent topological region, while compared to the more common detection case. The oscillatory behavior is more probable than in more common cases, due to the introduction of the link compound.

Status of Residual Drug Management in 50 Medical Institutions in China and Its Control Mode Construction and Appli cation Practice in Our H ospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To understand the current management situation and problems of residual drugs in medical institutions in China ，evaluate the practice effect of corresponding control mode of our hospital and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize its management. METHODS ：By random sampling ，30 third-level hospitals and 20 second-level hospitals in different regions were selected respectively during May 1st to 31st in 2019. For the pharmaceutical personnel，doctors，nurses and other non-pharmaceutical personnel ，a self-designed questionnaire on the status quo of residual drugs in medical institutions was issued. Excel 2010 software was used to count basic data of valid questionnaire ，and the causes ， management status ，disposal status and possible hazards of residual drugs in medical institutions were analyzed. A management mode of residual drugs was established and implemented （involving reducing the generation of sources ，implementing process management，and strictly implementing disposal ）. The effects of the model were evaluated ，then the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward . RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out ，and 311 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 77.75％. The causes of drug residual were complicated ，which included the“combination”of the same drugs ，the pre-order dispensing ，adverse drug reactions ，poor compliance of patients ，wrong order imput，sudden transfer ，discharge or death of patients ，wrong dispensing or nurse check error ，etc. The management status of residual drugs was chaotic ，the disposal methods lacked of standardization ，which may lead to harm such as deterioration ，illegal Δ 基金项目：重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目（No.cstc2018jsyj- recycling and pollution . The established whole-link residual zdcxX0093） drug management model in our hospital ，mainly included ＊主管药师 ，硕士。研究方向 ：药事管理 、抗肿瘤药理 。电话： measures of introducing Clinical Departments Residual Drug 023-68774769。E-mail：513293274@qq.com Safety Management Regulations to clarify the responsibilities # 通信作者：主任药师，博士生导师，博士。研究方向：药事管理、 of management group ， clinical department ， pharmacy 临床药学。电话：023-68755580。E-mail：zrcq73@163.com department； using rational medication control software to 中国药房 2020年第31卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 8 ·897· reduce prescription error ；increasing the frequ ency of drug inventory ；introducing Drug Withdrawal and Refund Management to clear out drug withdrwal process ；independently researching and developing “Residual Drug Recovery Management System ”to standardize and simplify the recovery process ；bringing the residual drugs into special fund project management for medical assistance. According to the operation management practice from Jan. to Oct. 2018，a total of more than 1 million yuan worth of residual drugs were recovered. The residual drugs that did not meet the recovery conditions should be destroyed according to the specified process ，and the case number of non-standard notification of ward management would significantly reduced. The whole-link mode management established by our hospital can effectively reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize their management and disposal. It is suggested that the state or province should issue special regulations on the management of residual drugs in medical institutions ，and each medical institution should formulate specific management measures suitable for its own unit. Meanwhile ，the management of residual drugs in medical institutions should be further standardized systematically by actively exploring the ways to reduce residual drugs ，formulating the corresponding financial account processing standards ， supporting incentive mechanism and other measures.