Jatonik polyherbal mixture induced rat liver MMPT pore opening in normal Wistar rat: In vitro and in vivo studies / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To assess acute toxicity, the in vitro and in vivo effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts (JME and JEE) of Jatonik polyherbal mixture on some mitochondria-related parameters and their effect on the activity of some liver enzymes.@*METHODS@#Acute toxicity of JME and JEE was determined using Lorke's method. In vitro and in vivo opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MMPT pore) was spectrophotometrically assayed. Production of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation and the activity of mitochondrial ATPase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and the effect of JME and JEE on the activity of liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was also investigated.@*RESULTS@#JME had an LD50 of 3 808 mg/kg b.w whereas JEE had an LD50 greater than 5 000 mg/kg b.w. of rats. After the rats have been fed with both extracts, a photomicrograph of a piece of liver tissue showed no apparent symptoms of toxicity. From the in vitro and in vivo studies, both extracts prompted intact mitochondria to open their MMPT pores. When compared to the control, lipid peroxide product release and ATPase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in vitro and in vivo. The activities of AST, ALT, and GGT were all reduced at 50 mg/kg when treated with JME, but the activity of AST was considerably enhanced when treated with JEE (P < 0.05). The results revealed that both JME and JEE of the Jatonik polyherbal mixture had low toxicity, profound MMPTpore induction, and enhanced ATPase activity, but an increased MDA production.@*CONCLUSION@#Jatonik extracts may be a promising target for drug development in diseases where there is dysregulation of apoptosis, however, further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular mechanism involved in these phenomena.

A PRECLINICAL STUDY ON EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SNUHI KSHARA IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELL LINE HCT-15

Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) is a conventional herb used broadly in several disease conditions as indicated in classical texts of Ayurveda. As per literature review ascertained, no literature was accessible regarding anticancer activity of Snuhi Kshara. Thus, present work was designed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Snuhi Kshara in HCT-15 (Human Colon Cancer cell line). Anticancer activity was evaluated using MTT assay by % cell viability and IC50. Anticancer activity was compared with standard drug capecitabine. A positive correlation between Concentration and % cell viability was noticed. Lowest cell viability was noted at 5000 µg concentration. Results obtained through the study indicates towards anticancer activity of Snuhi Kshara.

Rapid screening of 28 alkaloids in food poisoning samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate a poisoning incident caused by eating eight treasure congee, and establish liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS screening method of 28 alkaloids to provide references for disposal of similar poisoning incidents. Methods　LC-MS/MS was used for screening 28 alkaloids in the urine, eight treasure congee and food raw material, and the detected alkaloids were quantified. Samples were extracted with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution and separated by a Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm). Acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution was used as the mobile phase and gradient elution was adopted. The ionization mode was electrospray positive ionization mode, and the detection method was multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). Analytes were quantified with the external standard method. Results　In the concentration range of 0-100 ng/mL, the linear correlation coefficient r were greater than 0.999 for 28 alkaloids. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in urine sample ranged from 63.0% to 105.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 5.8% and 8.6%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in eight treasure congee sample ranged from 72.0% to 109.0%, and the RSDs were between 6.3% and 9.7%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in semen sesami nigrum sample ranged from 60.0% to 95.0%, and the RSDs were between 4.8% and 8.2%. Hyoscyamine (2 380.0 ng/mL), scopliamine (3.6 ng/mL) and rac-anisodamine (4.7 ng/mL) were detected in the patient's urine. Hyoscyamine (63.3 μg/g), scopliamine (5.7 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (2.1 μg/g) were detected in eight treasure congee. Hyoscyamine (901.0 μg/g), scopliamine (80.0 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (30.1 μg/g) were detected in the seed of Datura stramonium L. The ratio of scopliamine and hyoscyamine in the seed of D. stramonium was 1∶11, which complies with the characteristics of D. stramonium L. In urine sample, the proportion of scopliamine and rac-anisodamine was 0.15% and 0.20%, and hyoscyamine accounted for 99.65%. Conclusion　Seed morphology, the content range and proportion of three alkaloids are all in accord with the characteristics of D. stramonium. Combined with the clinical symptoms of atropine poisoning, it can be deduced that this incident is a family food poisoning caused by accidental consumption of seed of D. stramonium L. The method can provide technical support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of alkaloid poisoning patients, and also provide a basis for emergency detection and disposal of alkaloid poisoning events.

Study on the objectivity and biological mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn.'s 'Great dryness damages the liver' / 药学学报

According to the theory of 'Xingben Dazao' of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BL), the susceptible syndromes and biomarkers of liver injury caused by BL were searched. Rat models of kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (M_yin) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (M_yang) were established, and all animal experimental operations and welfare following the provisions of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. YFYDW2020017). The results showed that BL significantly decreased the body weight, water intake, and urine weight of M_yin rats and increase the organ indexes of the liver, testis, adrenal gland, and spleen and the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Meantime, BL significantly increased the urine weight of M_yang rats and decreased the expression of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that BL could aggravate inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes in rats with M_yin and alleviate liver injury in rats with M_yang. Metabolomics identified 17 BL co-regulated significant differential metabolic markers in M_yin and M_yang rats. Among them, 8 metabolites such as glutamine, quinolinate, biliverdin, and lactosylceramide showed opposite trends, mainly involving cysteine and methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and other pathways. M_yin/M_yang may be the susceptible constitution of BL for liver damage or protection, which may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. The study can provide some experimental data support for the safe and accurate use of BL in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Mechanism of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. improving chronic glomerulonephritis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 药学学报

This study aims to explore the improvement and the mechanism of the Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. (ApL) on chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). All animal experiments were followed the regulation of the Experimental Animal Ethical Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. CGN mouse model was established by a single tail-vein injection of doxorubicin (Dox) (20 mg·kg-1). One week after Dox administration, the mice received water extract of ApL (85 and 255 mg·kg-1) by gavage once a day for 14 days. At the end of experiment, the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected, kidney histopathological H&E staining was analyzed. Active ingredients and action targets of ApL were collected from TCMSP database, and CGN-related targets were obtained from Genecards database. STRING platform was employed to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI), and Metascape platform was used for KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis. The results of experiments demonstrated that ApL (85 and 255 mg·kg-1) could reduce the ACR and the content of SCr and BUN, and increase the content of ALB in mice. Network pharmacology results predicted that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-related pathway and biological process of oxidoreductase activity regulation may be involved in the ApL-provided amelioration on CGN. The verification results showed that ApL could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory factors in mice, and reduce the activity of renal myeloperoxidase (MPO). Meanwhile, ApL promoted the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the expression of its downstream gene mRNA, and reduced the level of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and further elevated renal glutathione (GSH) level. Based on network pharmacology combined experiments, this study found that ApL may improve CGN in mice through multiple targets and multiple pathways, in which the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the activation of Nrf2 signaling may be important mechanisms involved.

Preclinical evaluation of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. in the treatment of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】  To investigate the therapeutic effect of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. (H. cannabinus) leaves on cholelithiasis and urolithiasis. 【Methods】  The study evaluated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. cannabinus on thiouracil and cholesterol cholic acid diet induced cholelithiasis in BALB/c mice and ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Three doses of aqueous extract (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg) were selected to evaluate the effectiveness in cholelithiasis in mice; another three doses of aqueous extract (400, 800, and 1 600 mg/kg) were administered for evaluating the effect on urolithiasis in rats. Biochemical parameters such as biliary cholesterol, biliary phospholipid, and bile acid were determined in cholelithiasis model. Similarly, 24-hour urine output, urinary parameters such as creatinine, uric acid, protein, urea, presence of calcium oxalate crystals, red blood cells (RBCs), and pyuria were determined in urolithiasis model. 【Results】  Statistically significant differences were noted in the biliary and urinary parameters after administrating three test doses of H. cannabinus aqueous extract (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 H. cannabinus was found to be effective against high fat lithogenic diet urolithiasis and cholelithiasis.

Uso de Petiveria alliacea Linn como tratamiento paliativo del dolor pulpar

Introducción: Entre las plantas de la flora cubana con propiedades medicinales se encuentra la Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), planta natural de la América tropical que contiene numerosos principios activos y a la cual se le atribuyen múltiples propiedades. La gran mayoría de los reportes se refieren concretamente a su acción analgésica, proveniente de sus hojas y de sus raíces. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto terapéutico de la tintura de anamú al 20 % en la remisión del dolor pulpar en la pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria, durante el periodo de septiembre de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental en pacientes con dolor de la consulta de urgencia estomatológica del Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". El universo estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta por dolor (N꓿42) y le fue diagnosticado pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria. Los mismos fueron incluidos en el estudio mediante el método no probabilístico intencionado según el orden de recepción en la consulta estomatológica. Se trabajó con las variables: edad, tiempo de refracción del dolor y efecto terapéutico. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y como medida de resumen se utilizó el porcentaje. Resultados: En el 64,3 % de los casos estudiados se pudo lograr la remisión del dolor en los primeros 5 minutos de aplicado el fitofármaco. Conclusiones: la tintura de la Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú) al 20 % tiene un efecto favorable en la remisión del dolor provocado por la pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria.

Introduction: Among the Cuban flora plants with medicinal properties is Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), a natural plant from tropical Americas that contains numerous active ingredients and to which multiple properties are attributed. The vast majority of reports refer specifically to its analgesic action, coming from its leaves and roots. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of 20% anamú tincture on the remission of pulpal pain in reversible serous acute pulpitis, during the period from September 2020 to September 2021. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in patients with pain from the stomatological emergency room of the Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". The population was made up of all the patients who attended the consultation for pain (No. 42) and were diagnosed with reversible serous acute pulpitis. They were included in the study using the intentional non-probabilistic method according to the order of reception in the dental office. The variables taken into account were: age, pain refraction time and therapeutic effect. The statistical processing of the data was carried out using descriptive statistics and the percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: In 64.3% of the cases studied, pain remission could be achieved in the first 5 minutes of applying the phytopharmaceutical. Conclusions: The tincture of Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamu) at 20% has a favorable effect on the remission of pain caused by reversible serous acute pulpitis.

Introdução: Entre as plantas da flora cubana com propriedades medicinais está a Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), uma planta natural da América tropical que contém numerosos princípios ativos e à qual são atribuídas múltiplas propriedades. A grande maioria dos relatos refere-se especificamente à sua ação analgésica, proveniente de suas folhas e raízes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito terapêutico da tintura de anamú 20% na remissão da dor pulpar na pulpite serosa aguda transitória, durante o período de setembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo quase experimental em pacientes com dor de pronto-socorro estomatológico da Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". O universo foi constituído por todos os doentes que compareceram à consulta de dor (N=42) e foram diagnosticados com pulpite serosa aguda transitória. Eles foram incluídos no estudo pelo método não probabilístico intencional de acordo com a ordem de recepção no consultório odontológico. Trabalhamos com as variáveis: idade, tempo de refração da dor e efeito terapêutico. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado por meio de estatística descritiva e o percentual foi utilizado como medida sumária. Resultados: Em 64,3% dos casos estudados, a remissão da dor foi alcançada nos primeiros 5 minutos de aplicação do fitofármaco. Conclusões: A tintura de Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamu) a 20% tem efeito favorável na remissão da dor causada pela pulpite serosa aguda transitória.

Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of Tridax procumbens in wistar rats

Background: Tridax procumbens Linn. is a spreading herb found throughout India. Tridax procumbens is known for several potential therapeutic effects like antiviral, antioxidant, anti-infective, wound healing, insecticidal and anti- inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic. Novel therapies for inflammation are essential to overcome the adverse effects of existing anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity in the experimental animal. Objective: To evaluate anti-inflammatory efficacy in experimental animal Materials and Methods: Tridax procumbens plant leaves were taken for the study. The Plant extraction was prepared by using the Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract was used as a test drug. Indomethacin and Dexamethasone were used as control drugs. Wistar rats weighing 150g to -200g were used in the study. Results: At dosages of 200 and 400 mg kg-1 , the ethanolic leaf extracts of Tridax Procumbens demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity against Irish Moss-triggered inflammation. After 3 hours, 400 mgkg-1 showed a significant reduction in inflammation (48 percent), with the impact increasing after 3 hours (52 percent). The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Tridax Procumbens ethanol (EtOH) extracts was substantial and comparable to that of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Tridax procumbens ‘s Ethanol (EtOH) leaf extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mgkg-1 , demonstrated considerable anti-inflammatory action. The average weight of granulomatous surrounding tissue in the threading was considerably smaller in the Tridax procumbens extraction group after 7 days than in the comparison group. The 400 mg kg-1 dose was shown to be the most effective of the two. the greatest reduction in the production of granuloma tissue. Tridax procumbens at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg resulted in substantial reductions in granuloma weights of 38.16 ± 0.04 (7.4 percent inhibition) and 34.58 ± 0.04 (16.1 percent inhibition), respectively. The lower dose of 400 mg/kg resulted in a little lesser reduction in granumola weight than the conventional medication dexamethasone (28.92 ± 0.04). (29.8 percent inhibition). Conclusion: The present study concludes that Tridax Procumbens possess anti-inflammatory effects in animal models.

A new flavone glycoside from Eriocaulon buergerianum / 药学学报

Ten compounds were isolated from the water extract of Eriocaulon buergerianum by HP20, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and MCI Gel CHP-20 column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic and chemical approaches as 6-methoxyquercetin-3-O-(2′′′-vanilloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), syringaresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (3), 1-O-feruloylglycerol (4), 1,2-benzenediol (5), vomifoliol (6), β-D-(6-O-trans-feruloyl) fructofuranosyl-α-D-O-glucopyranosied (7), dihydroferulic acid (8), guanosine (9) and quercetin-3-O-β-gentiobioside (10). The compound 1 is a new compound, the compounds 2 and 4-10 were obtained from Eriocaulon genus for the first time, and the compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Molecular docking study showed that 1 is a potential inhibitor of TNF-α. The compound 1 was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μmol·L-1.

Mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn on liver injury based on bioinformatics / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn (PCL) on liver injury by establishing the biological function and pathway network of PCL components, targets and protein interactions based on bioinformatics. Methods The components of PCL and potential liver-injury related targets were collected from TCMIP database. The targets of PCL were predicted by the reverse pharmacophore matching method. Cytoscape software was applied for the construction of active components-targets network map. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to predict the liver injury mechanism of PCL. Results 22 components were identified from PCL with the corresponding 31 potential liver injury targets, mainly on serum albumin (ALB), glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1), transthyretin (TTR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) by PPI network analysis. The chemical carcinogenesis, adenosine 5 '- monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal, PPAR signal, liver enzyme P450 and its harmful substance metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other signaling pathways were selected by KEGG analysis. Conclusion The active components of PCL may target on ALB, GSTP1, TTR and PPARG to regulate AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways, leading to liver injury.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic property of ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Clitoria ternatea is a well-known bioactive plant used to treat several inflammatory ailments in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. The present investigation aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea roots (EECT) in animal models. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the EECT was evaluated by carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema. Results: EECT showed a significant reduction in mean paw edema volume in both carrageenan and histamine-induced inflammation. The efficacy of EECT in rheumatoid arthritis was tested against Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic model in Wistar rats. The anti-arthritic effect of EECT was determined by systematic scoring of arthritis symptoms and measuring paw edema. A considerable decrease in paw diameter was observed in the EECT (200 and 400 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) treated groups after day 7. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and EECT (400 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in paw diameter from day 14 compared with CFA control (P < 0.001). The anti-arthritic activity was also confirmed from the altered biochemical, haematological (Hb, RBC and WBC) and anti-oxidant parameters (SOD, MDA, CAT, and GSH). EECT (400 and 200 mg/kg) also showed a marked inhibition of joint destruction. Conclusion: This study provides a pharmacological rationale for the traditional use of C. ternatea against inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis in India.

Dual inhibition of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro by Withanone from Withania somnifera / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To identify the safe and effective natural inhibitors of spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro using potential natural antiviral compounds which are studied under various animal models and viral cell lines. Methods: First, compounds were retrieved from the PubChem database and predicted for their druggability using the MolSoft web server, and compounds having drug-like property were predicted for major adverse drug reactions like cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and nephrotoxicity using ADVERpred. Docking of nontoxic antiviral compounds with spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro was performed using AutoDock vina by PyRx 0.8 version. The stability of compound-protein interactions was checked by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation using Schrodinger Desmond software. Results: Based on the druggable and nontoxic profile, nine compounds were selected. Among them, Withanone from Withania somnifera showed the highest binding affinity and best fit at active sites 1 of spike glycoprotein (glycosylation site) and main protease 3CLpro via interacting with active site amino acid residues before and after MD simulation at 50 ns. Withanone, which may reduce the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 via interacting with Asn343 and inhibit viral replication. Conclusion: The current study reports Withanone as a non-toxic antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and serve as a potential lead hit for further experimental validation.

Some results of preliminary phytochemical study of Triticum aestivum linn / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#Throughout the history of humankind, herbs had been playing a major role in the treatments of human illness. As a result of thousands of research works, humankind›s identified excellent herbs to treat various illnesses such as malignancy, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. One of them is weak wheat named <i>Triticum aestivum Linn</i>. Wheat germinate and buds 7-14 days after germination are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals and chlorophyll, which has similar structure to blood hemoglobin. Furthermore, hemoglobin is rich in iron and chlorophyll is rich in magnesium. Therefore, it is called “green blood”. Internationally, the wheatgrass is being clinically studied as it has antioxidant, antibacterial, and therapeutic effects for diabetes, respiratory tract illness, urinary tract disorders, atherosclerosis, and tumor.</br> Although Mongolians had been using the wheatgrass as a nutritional supply for cattle, during recent years, as it was identified that health benefits for humans, wheatgrass is being used for a human meal. We aimed to cultivate wheat seed and conduct the phytochemical study.@*Method@#In order to achieve our goal, we planted wheatgrass, prepared extract and identified some of the chemical constituents. Moreover, we germinated wheat seed, dried, grinded, and extracted it with hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water by using Soxhlet apparatus.</br> A preliminary screening was carried by the application of various testing methods of Molisch’ test, Fehling’s test, Biuret test, Xantho protein test, Buchard’s test, Mayer’s test, Wagner’s test, Ferric chloride test, Lead acetate test, Ninhydrin test, Keller-Killiani test, Foam test for determining the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and tannins, respectively. Moreover, we used spectrophotometry to determine the chlorophyll content@*Conclusion@#All the extracts derived from <i>T. aestivum</i> L showed the qualitative presence of major phytochemicals including alkaloids, steroids, and tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, triterpenoids. It was found that chlorophyll content 66%±0.2.

Clinical evaluation of aphrodisiac activity of a novel ayurvedic formulation for treatment of male sexual disorders

Background: Sida cordifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and sexual properties. After finding good results in treatment of male sexual disorders during pre-clinical studies, this clinical trial was taken up to assess the spermatogenesis action of aqueous extract of roots of these two plants.Methods: The study used qualitative criteria such as primary and secondary symptoms and quantitative investigations such as haematological investigations, hormonal analysis and semen analysis for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of research formulation through placebo controlled clinical trials on 50 males having lack of sexual desire and non-satisfactory sexual life.Results: Very high inhibition was noticed in respect of primary symptoms such as lack of libido, difficulty in ejaculation or little amount of semen, as well as secondary symptoms such as nausea, body ache, headache, indigestion, loss of appetite and general weakness in the research group. Lack of any adverse changes in haematological parameters (blood sugar, haemoglobin, ESR, RBC and WBC) and biochemical parameters (bilirubin, protein, SGPT and SGOT and ALP) indicate the non-toxic nature of research formulation. The hormonal levels registered a significant increase during clinical study in research group, especially the testosterone level (10.36%). Semen quality evaluated through sperm count, motility and morphology showed a significant improvement in research group, suggesting that administration of research drug in cases of stress-related sexual problems protected healthy cells by reduced generation of ROS and helped maintain quality parameters of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis.Conclusions: The research formulation made from roots of Sida cordifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. showed good and significant (p<0.05) therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of primary and secondary symptoms and enhancement in hormonal and seminal parameters, validating its spermatogenesis effect without any toxic or adverse effects.

Evaluation of anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic activity of ethanolic extract of Tectina grandis Linn. bark

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. Tectona grandis Linn. bark, also known as Teak (English), is traditionally used to treat asthma. However, the scientific data on anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic of this plant has got little attention. An attempt has been based on ethanolic extract of bark of Tectona grandis Linn. shown a tremendous effect on asthma when comparative study was done with normal and treated group.Methods: The anti-asthmatic activity of a 95% ethanol and 5% distilled water extract of dried and fresh Tectona grandis Linn. bark, was evaluated against histamine and acetylcholine-induced preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) in guinea pigs fasted for 24 h were exposed to an atomized fine mist of 2% histamine dihydrochloride and acetylcholine aerosol (dissolved in normal saline) using nebulizer at a pressure of 300 mmHg in the histamine chamber (24�� cm, made of perplex glass. They were divided in groups Mepyramin (8 mg/kg) intraperitonially, atropine aerosol and Tectona grandis bark formulation (2.5, 5, 10 gm/kg) were administered orally 30 min prior to exposure. Animals, which did not develop typical asthma within 6 minutes, were taken as protected.Results: Ethanolic extract of Tectona grandis Linn. bark at 5 and 10 gm/kg significantly reduce bronchoconstriction as compared to control group along with significant mast cell stabilization activity.Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study shows that the ethanolic bark extract of Tectona grandis Linn. has potential antiasthamatic and antichlolinergic action in histamine and acetylcholine broncocontraction in guinea pigs.

Fatty acid compositions of ether extracts of Bryophyllumpinnatum Lam., Ficus exasperata Vahl., Gossypium herbaceum Linn. and Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt / Composición de ácidos grasos de extractos etéreos de Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam., Ficus exasperata Vahl., Gossypium herbaceum Linn. y Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt

SUMMARY Currently, there is a growing interest in identifying alternative sources of fatty acids due to the present increasing demand for oil-rich botanicals in industrial applications. The main objective of this work was to identify the fatty acid compositions of ether extracts of dried leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam., Ficus exasperata Vahl., Gossypium herbaceum Linn. and Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt. The fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Among the evaluated ether extracts, the higher contents of saturated fatty acids were found in H. latifolia (27.96%) with the principal presence of stearic acid compared to the content of the saturated fatty acids in B. pinnatum (0.53%), F. exasperata (0.04%) and G. herbaceum (0.47%). Equally, the result showed that H. latifolia contained the highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acids with the predominant presence of oleic acid with the amount of 41.04%. Linoleic acid was also found to have the highest value in H. latifolia with the amount of 20.41%. Stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were found in all the samples. The extract of H. latifolia contained a healthy mixture of different types of fatty acids thus suggesting it as a probable source of suitable fatty acids.

RESUMEN Actualmente, existe un creciente interés en identificar fuentes alternativas de ácidos grasos debido a la creciente demanda actual de productos botánicos ricos en aceite en aplicaciones industriales. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue identificar las composiciones de ácidos grasos de extractos de éter de hojas secas de Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam., Ficus exasperata Vahl., Gossypium herbaceum Linn. y Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt. Los ácidos grasos fueron analizados por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama. Entre los extractos de éter evaluados, los mayores contenidos de ácidos grasos saturados se encontraron en H. latifolia (27,96%) con presencia principal de ácido esteárico en comparación con el contenido de los ácidos grasos saturados en B. pinnatum (0,53%), F. exasperata (0,04%) y G. herbaceum (0,47%). Igualmente, el resultado mostró que la H. latifolia contenía el mayor porcentaje de ácidos grasos insaturados con presencia predominante de ácido oleico con una cantidad de 41,04%. También se encontró que el ácido linoleico tiene el valor más alto en H. latifolia con una cantidad de 20,41%. Se encontró ácido esteárico, ácido oleico y ácido linoleico en todas las muestras. El extracto de H. latifolia contenía una mezcla saludable de diferentes tipos de ácidos grasos, lo que sugiere que es una fuente probable de ácidos grasos adecuados.

Medicinal Properties Of Different Parts Of Acacia Nilotica Linn (BABUL), Its Phytoconstituents And Diverse Pharmacological Activities

Acacia nilotica Linn commonly known as Babul is a multipurpose tree. As the world is turning back towards the herbal drug, it is the need of the hour to re-evaluate the knowledge of traditional medicine through vast review. In the Unani traditional system of medicine, all parts of the plant have been used as a remedy for various diseases and are imputed for their medicinal properties. Hence, this review presents an overview of the medicinal properties of different parts of A. nilotica L. used in Unani medicine, its phytochemical constituents, and diverse pharmacological activities. The information related to this drug was retrieved using the classical Unani sources viz., Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Iksir-i-A‘zam, Al Hawi fi’l Tibb (Continens Liber), Tarjuma Kamil al-Sana‘a al-Tibbiyya, Dhakhira Khawarizm Shahi, Biyaz-i-Kabir and Tibb-i-Akbar for medicinal properties used in Unani Medicine. Further for other traditional uses, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities, different search engines like PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct and Scopus were also browsed. A. nilotica possesses various medicinal properties as per classical Unani texts such as astringent, tonic, wound healing, aphrodisiac, expectorant, resolvent, and antispasmodic. In vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies from the published articles validate the fact that A. nilotica is a potential source of various bioactive compounds having various pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses. The various pharmacological activities are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anticancerous, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties. This review concludes that the Unani medicinal effects of A. nilotica are proven by scientific studies.

Chemical Constituents from Stellera chamaejasme Linn / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn. METHODS: The 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn. was fractionalized by using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The extraction parts were isolated by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS column and preparative HPLC methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data such as HR-ESI-MS and NMR. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as follows: naringenin (1), (-)-epiafzelechin (2), (+)-epiafzelechin (3), 2,6,2',6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis (2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl) biphenyl (4), 8-hydroxypluviatolide (5), (-)-syringaresinol (6), prestegane B (7), 7-hydroxycoumarin (8), daphnoretin (9), 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid methyl ester (10), 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol (11), 3-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl]-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), Z-octadecyl caffeate (13), 1-glyceryl linolenate (14), glycerol monolinoleate (15), 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl-9-octadecenoate (16) and β-sitosterol (17). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 9-15 are reported from the genus Stellera Linn. for the first time.

Fingerprint and molecular identification of rbcL sequence of Mongolian medicine Althaeae Roseae Flos by HPLC / 中草药

Objective: To establish the fingerprint of Althaeae Roseae Flos by HPLC and the molecular identification method of DNA barcode of rbcL sequence. Methods: The fingerprint establishment of Althaeae Roseae Flos was performed on Welchrom Column C18 (300 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile - 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution, with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column temperature of 35 ℃, detection wavelength of 365 nm, injection volume of 10 μL. DNA barcode molecular identification method was used for PCR amplification and determination of rbcL sequence. Results: The fingerprints of 11 samples were established, 21 common peaks were obtained, their similarities were calculated, and four components (hyperoside, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferide) were determined. The total length of rbcL sequence of 11 samples was measured, and the G + C content was 44.10%-44.40% and genetic distance (K2P) was 0.001 4. There were 10 ectopic points and the similarity was 99.00%. Conclusion: The two methods are stable and reliable, which can provide basis for the identification and quality control of A. rosea.

Effect of Vigna radiata, Tamarix ramosissima and Carthamus lanatus extracts on Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: An in vitro study / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost, toxicity and side effects. Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis. In this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extracts of Vigna radiata, Tamarix ramosissima, and Carthamus lanatus on Leishmania major and L. tropica was studied. Methods: The plant samples were collected from west of Iran and their extracts were prepared. Anti-promastigote activity assay of all extracts was done using tetrazolium-dye assay. Results: Only high concentrations of V. radiata and C. lanatus were able to inhibit Leishmania, while both high and low concentrations of T. ramosissima had antileishmanial effect. No difference was observed between hydroalcoholic with chloroformic extract of each plant. Conclusion: Altogether, the results revealed the antileishmanial activity of T. ramosissima extracts against L. major and L. tropica, indicating its potential as an antileishmanial agent.