Comparison of Immunoprotection of Leptospira Recombinant Proteins with conventional vaccine in experimental animals.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira affecting humans and animals. Untreated leptospirosis may result in severe kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress, and even death. Virulent leptospirosis can rapidly enter kidney fibroblasts and induce a programmed cell death. Thus, it is a challenge for immunologists to develop an effective and safe leptospirosis vaccine.Here, we compared the commercial canine leptospira vaccine and recombinant proteins (OmpL1 and LipL41) with and without adjuvant in terms of immune response and challenge studies in hamsters and immune response studies alone in experimental dogs. The outer membrane proteins viz., lipL41 and OmpL1 of leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae were amplified. The primers were designed in such a way that amplified products of OmpL1 and lipL41 were ligated and cloned simultaneously into a single vector. The cloned products were expressed in E.coli BL21 cells. The immunoprotection studies were conducted for both recombinant proteins and commercial vaccine. The challenge experiment studies revealed that combination of both rLip41 and rOmpL1 and commercial vaccine gave 83% and 87% protection, respectively. Histopathological investigation revealed mild sub lethal changes were noticed in liver and kidney in commercially vaccinated group alone. The immune responses against recombinant leptospiral proteins were also demonstrated in dogs.

Diversidad molecular de candidatos vacunales en Leptospira spp / Molecular Diversity of Vaccine Candidates in Leptospira spp / Diversidade molecular de candidatos para vacina em Leptospira spp

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad molecular de las proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA y LigB y de los genes que las codifican mediante análisis bioinformáticos en diferentes cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp., a partir de la información disponible en las bases de datos. Se utilizaron las secuencias de aminoácidos de las proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA y LigB, así como las de los genes que las codifican en las cepas de Leptospira spp. registradas en The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Los análisis de las proteínas y los genes se realizaron mediante los recursos Protein, Nucleotide y Gene del NCBI. La alineación de las secuencias consenso se realizó con las herramientas PSI-BLAST y BLASTn. El porcentaje de cobertura de las secuencias seleccionadas de los genes ompL1, lipL32, lipL41, ligA y ligB en cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp. es de 100% para ompL1, lipL32 y lipL41, 75% para ligA y 99% para ligB con porcentajes de identidad de 85, 98, 88, 90 y 80% respectivamente; el porcentaje de cobertura de las secuencias seleccionadas de las proteínas es de 100, 77, 99, 100 y 100% con porcentajes de identidad de 90, 99, 92, 63 y 60% respectivamente, lo cual indica que los genes y las proteínas, excepto las proteínas LigA y LigB, son bastante conservadas en los diferentes serovares patógenos de Leptospira spp. Según dichos resultados, se recomienda realizar análisis complementarios de estas proteínas con el fin de determinar si es viable su uso como candidatos vacunales.

The aim of this study was to determine the molecular diversity of OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA and LigB proteins and that of the genes that encode them using bioinformatic analysis in different pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. based on the information available in databases. The amino acid sequences of OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA and LigB proteins were used, as well as the genes encoding them in strains of Leptospira spp. reported at The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The analysis of proteins and genes were performed using the Protein, Nucleotide and Gene resources from the NCBI. The alignment of the consensus sequences was performed using the PSI-BLAST and BLASTn tools. The coverage percentage of the selected sequences ofthe ompL1, lipL32, lipL41, ligA and ligB genes in pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. is 100% for ompL1, lipL32 and lipL41, 75% for ligA and 99% for ligB with identity percentages of 85, 98, 88, 90 and 80% respectively; the coverage percentage of the selected protein sequences is 100, 77, 99, 100 and 100% with identity percentages of 90, 99, 92, 63 and 60% respectively, indicating that genes and proteins, except LigA and LigB proteins, are highly conserved in various pathogenic serovars of Leptospira spp. According to these results, it is recommended that further analysis of these proteins be made in order to determine the feasibility of its use as vaccine candidates.

El objetivo de este estudo foi determinar a diversidade molecular das proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA e LigB e dos genes que as codificam mediante análises bioinformáticas em diferentes cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp. A partir da informação disponível nas bases de dados. Utilizaram-se as sequências de aminoácidos das proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA e LigB, assim como as dos genes que as codificam nas cepas de Leptospira spp. Reportadas em The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). As análises das proteínas e dos genes se realizaram mediante os recursos Protein, Nucleotide e Gene do NCBI. O alinhamento das sequências consenso se realizou com as ferramentas PSI-BLAST e BLASTn. A porcentagem de cobertura das sequências selecionadas dos genes ompL1, lipL32, lipL41, ligA e ligB em cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp. É de 100% para ompL1, lipL32 e lipL41, 75% para ligA e 99% para ligB com porcentagens de identidade de 85, 98, 88, 90 e 80% respectivamente; A porcentagem de cobertura das sequências selecionadas das proteínas é de 100, 77, 99, 100 e 100% com porcentagens de identidade de 90, 99, 92, 63 e 60% respectivamente, o que indica que os genes e as proteínas, exceto as proteínas LigA e LigB, são altamente conservadas nos diferentes serovares patogênicos de Leptospira spp. Segundo esses resultados, se recomenda realizar análises complementares destas proteínas com finalidade de determinar se é viável o seu uso como candidatos para vacina.

Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time PCR for the detection of Leptospira interrogans / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Leptospira interrogans using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR technology, then looking for a rapid,sensitive and specific methods for the detection of Leptospira interrogans. MethodsIn accordance with lipL41 gene from Leptospira interrogans, primers for LAMP and real-time PCR were designed and used to detect Leptospira interrogans in cultured 15 reference strains of 15 serogroups in China, then compared the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods in the detection of Leptospira interrogans. ResultsThe LAMP reaction could be completed within 30 min, and whole process of it less than 60 min. The whole real-time PCR reaction could be finished at about 60 min. Both of them had the same detection sensitivity and specificity,the lower detection limits in the reactions was approximately 100 copies and there was no false positive occurred. ConclusionBoth LAMP and real-time PCR were time-saving and had the same sensitivity and specificity. But LAMP reaction could be done under a constant temperature conditions, and need not a special expensive equipment. Therefore, as a sensitive and specific method for quantifying Leptospira interrogans,the LAMP assay was more rapidly and convenient than conventional methods.

Immune strategies using single-component LipL32 and multi-component recombinant LipL32-41-OmpL1 vaccines against leptospira

Genes encoding lipoproteins LipL32, LipL41 and the outer-membrane protein OmpL1 of leptospira were recombined and cloned into a pVAX1 plasmid. BALB/c mice were immunized with LipL32 and recombined LipL32-41-OmpL1 using DNA-DNA, DNA-protein and protein-protein strategies, respectively. Prime immunization was on day 1, boost immunizations were on day 11 and day 21. Sera were collected from each mouse on day 35 for antibody, cytokine detection and microscopic agglutination test while spleen cells were collected for splenocyte proliferation assay. All experimental groups (N = 10 mice per group) showed statistically significant increases in antigen-specific antibodies, in cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, as well as in the microscopic agglutination test and splenocyte proliferation compared with the pVAX1 control group. The groups receiving the recombined LipL32-41-OmpL1 vaccine induced anti-LipL41 and anti-OmpL1 antibodies and yielded better splenocyte proliferation values than the groups receiving LipL32. DNA prime and protein boost immune strategies stimulated more antibodies than a DNA-DNA immune strategy and yielded greater cytokine and splenocyte proliferation than a protein-protein immune strategy. It is clear from these results that recombination of protective antigen genes lipL32, lipL41, and ompL1 and a DNA-protein immune strategy resulted in better immune responses against leptospira than single-component, LipL32, or single DNA or protein immunization.

Construction of the fusion gene lipL32/1-lipL41/2 from Leptospira interrogans and the immuno-reactivity of its expressed products / 中国人兽共患病学报

In the present study, the fusion gene lipL32/1-lipL41/2 from Leptospira interrogans was constructed by using PCR with linking primers, expressed in prokaryotic expression system. And the immuno-reactivity of its expressed product was determined. Meanwhile, SDS-PAGE and BioRad agarose image analyzer system was used to examine the expression output of the target recombinant protein rLipL32/1-LipL41/2, and the immune-reactivity of this recombinant protein was identified by Western blot assay. ELISA was used to detect the level of antibodies against the recombinant proteins in sera of patients with leptospirosis. It was demonstrated that the percentages of similarity in nucleotide and the putative amino acid sequences of the fusion gene lipL32/1-lipL41/2 with the corresponding sequences previously reported were 99. 9% and 98. 9%respectively. The expression output of the target recombinant protein was approximately 10% of the total bacterial proteins.Both the rabbit antisera against rLipL32/1 and rLip41/2 could recognize and combine to the recombinant fusion protein rLip32/1-Lip41/2 as well. The positive rates of antibodies in 228 leptospirosis patients with the recombinant proteins rLip32/1,rLip41/2 and rLip32/1-Lip41.2 were 97.4%, 78. 5% and 99. 1% respectively. The results of the present study leads to the conclusion that the fusion gene lipL32/1-lipL41/3 with its prokaryotic expression system is successively constructed and the expressed recombinant protein shows excellent immuno-reactivity, thus suggesting that it may be used as the antigenic candidate for the development of the leptospiral genus-specific engineering vaccine and for the preparation of diagnostic kits.