Urinary retention after lipoabdominoplasty: case report / Retenção urinária após lipoabdominoplastia: relato de caso

Introduction: Postoperative urinary retention may predispose to permanent bladder damage. Risk factors include type of anesthesia, type of surgery, and use of anticholinergics, analgesics, and opioids. Once the lesion is established, complementary urodynamic tests are essential for etiological diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study is to report a case of a patient with urinary retention in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty. Case Report: 27-year-old female patient, without comorbidities or use of continuous medication. She underwent lipoabdominoplasty and evolved postoperatively with urinary retention and bladder distention, diagnosed as detrusor contractility and sensitivity deficit in the urodynamic study. She was maintained in outpatient follow-up with the surgical team and Urology, with a progressive reduction in urinary catheter use and complete removal in eight months of follow-up. Discussion: The objective of aesthetic plastic surgery is to improve the physical appearance of the body. It is subject to complications like other surgical procedures, and pain seems to be the most frequent. Urinary retention may be secondary to the use of opioids, and its diagnosis in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty still has some obstacles. Plication of the rectus muscle diastasis, liposuction, and the use of a compressive abdominal belt make it difficult to identify a possible bladder distention. An episode of bladder overdistention can result in significant morbidity. Conclusion: The present report demonstrated the good evolution of a patient who developed urinary retention in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty. The main diagnostic hypothesis was that it was secondary to the use of opioids.

Introdução: A retenção urinária pós-operatória pode predispor a danos permanentes à bexiga. Os fatores de risco incluem tipo de anestesia, tipo de cirurgia e uso anticolinérgicos, analgésicos e opioides. Uma vez que a lesão está estabelecida, os exames complementares urodinâmicos são fundamentais para diagnóstico etiológico e tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar caso de paciente com quadro de retenção urinária no pós-operatório de lipoabdominoplastia. Relato de Caso: Paciente de 27 anos, sexo feminino, sem comorbidades ou uso de medicamentos contínuos. Foi submetida a lipoabdominoplastia, e evoluiu no pós-operatório com quadro de retenção urinária e bexigoma, diagnosticada como acontratilidade detrusora e déficit de sensibilidade no estudo urodinâmico. Manteve acompanhamento ambulatorial com a equipe cirúrgica e a Urologia, com redução progressiva do uso do cateter vesical e retirada completa em oito meses de seguimento. Discussão: O objetivo da cirurgia plástica estética é melhorar o aspecto físico do corpo. Como os demais procedimentos cirúrgicos, está sujeita a complicações e a dor parece ser a mais frequente. A retenção urinária pode ser secundária ao uso de opioides e seu diagnóstico no pós-operatório da lipoabdominoplastia ainda possui alguns obstáculos. A plicatura da diástase do músculo reto, a lipoaspiração e o uso de cinta abdominal compressiva dificultam a identificação do possível bexigoma. Um episódio de hiperdistensão da bexiga pode resultar em morbidade significativa. Conclusão: O presente relato demonstrou boa evolução de paciente que desenvolveu retenção urinária no pós-operatório de lipoabdominoplastia. A principal hipótese diagnóstica foi de ser secundária ao uso de opioide.

Complications in liposuction: systematic review / Complicações em lipoaspiração: revisão sistemática

Liposuction is among the most performed plastic surgery procedures in Brazil. According to data from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), 231,604 liposuctions were performed, 15.5% of all aesthetic procedures in the country in 2019. Adopting liposuction as a single procedure or adjunct to other cosmetic procedures stimulated its technical evolution from simple fat aspiration to more sophisticated body shaping. Thus, this review aimed to systematically evaluate the published data regarding the complications found in liposuction. A review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and gray literature databases, published between 2016 and 2021, using the descriptors "Liposuction" and "Complications." A total of 187 articles were found in the searched databases, of which 16 were selected according to the outcome "to assess safety through the prevalence of complications in liposuction as a single procedure and associated with other procedures such as abdominoplasty and fat grafting." We found a mortality rate ranging from 0 to 0.06 among all procedures and a predominance of venous thromboembolism, hematoma, seroma, and hyperpigmentation concerning all complications, being more common when liposuction is associated with other procedures. Therefore, through this review, it was possible to verify that liposuction as a single procedure has lower complication rates when compared to liposuction combined with other procedures.

A lipoaspiração está entre os procedimentos da cirurgia plástica mais realizados no Brasil. Segundo dados da International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), foram totalizadas 231.604 lipoaspirações, 15,5% dentre todos os procedimentos estéticos realizados no país em 2019. A adoção da lipoaspiração como procedimento único ou coadjuvante a outros procedimentos cosméticos estimulou sua evolução técnica da simples aspiração de gordura para uma modelagem corporal mais sofisticada. Desse modo, esta revisão objetivou avaliar sistematicamente os dados publicados em relação às complicações encontradas na lipoaspiração. Foi realizada uma revisão utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science e grey literature, publicados entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, através dos descritores "Liposuction" and "Complications". Foram encontrados 187 artigos nas bases de dados pesquisadas, dos quais 16 foram selecionados de acordo com o desfecho "avaliar a segurança através da prevalência de complicações na lipoaspiração como procedimento único e a associada a outros procedimentos como abdominoplastia e lipoenxertia". Encontramos uma taxa de mortalidade que varia de 0 a 0,06 dentre todos os procedimentos e um predomínio de tromboembolismo venoso, hematoma, seroma e hiperpigmentação em relação a todas as complicações, sendo mais encontradas quando a lipoaspiração é associada a outros procedimentos. Logo, por meio desta revisão foi possível constatar que a lipoaspiração como procedimento único apresenta menores taxas de complicações quando comparada à lipoaspiração combinada com outros procedimentos.

Embarazo posterior a lipoabdominoplastia de plicatura transversa, sin disección supraumbilical, liposucción irrestricta, neoumbilicoplastia y colocación baja de la cicatriz (TULUA): reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Pregnancy after transverse plication lipoabdominoplasty, undermining halted at umbilicus, liposuction without restrictions, umbilicoplasty with a skin graft, and low transverse scar localization (TULUA). Literature review and case report

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reportar el caso de una gestante con antecedente de abdominoplastia con plicatura transversa (transverse plication lipoabdominoplasty, undermining halted at umbilicus, liposuction without restrictions, umbilicoplasty with a skin graft, and low transverse scar localization - TULUA) y revisar la literatura disponible en torno al efecto queproduce la abdominoplastia sobre el embarazo y el impacto de la gestación sobre el resultado estético en una paciente con esta intervención. Materiales y métodos: Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 23 años, en estado de gestación, con antecedente de abdominoplastia ocho meses antes de su embarazo. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en Medline vía PubMed, Cochrane library, SciELO, LILACS, BVS y Google Scholar, sin restricción por tipo de idioma o fecha de publicación. Se incluyeron estudios de cualquier diseño, incluyendo reporte de casos. Se excluyeron capítulos de libro y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: La búsqueda identificó 1.158 estudios, de los cuales 13 cumplieron los criterios de inclusióny de exclusión, estos fueron series o reportes de caso, para un total de 111 pacientes. No se encontraron reportes de TULUA antes de embarazo. El rango de edad al momento del parto fue de 19 a 37 años y todos los neonatos fueron a término con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional. Once estudios describieron la vía de parto, siete por cesárea y cuatro por vía vaginal; dos estudios reportaron el desarrollo de prolapso cervical uterino, uno de ellos a las 15 semanas de gestación y otro al momento del trabajo de parto; tres pacientes experimentaron deficiente bloqueo nervioso en la pared abdominal durante la cesárea. En lo que respecta a los resultados estéticos después del parto, la literatura es limitada a la hora de describir una posible recidiva de laxitud cutánea o diástasis. No obstante, dos reportes de caso señalaron un resultado estético satisfactorio. Conclusión: la literatura sobre embarazo posterior a una abdominoplastia es escasa y se limita a reportes de caso. La abdominoplastia podría incrementar la frecuencia de prolapso cervical y de cesárea, sin que se conozca con precisión el impacto de la intervención sobre los resultados perinatales. La reparación de la pared abdominal aparentemente se mantiene. Se requieren más estudios que aborden el resultado perinatal en mujeres con abdominoplastia y el impacto de la gestación sobre los resultados de la intervención.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of a pregnant woman with a history of transverse plication abdominoplasty (TULUA) and to conduct a review of the available literature on the impact of this intervention on the course of gestation and vice versa. Materials and methods: Case report of a 23-year-old pregnant woman with a history of TULUA abdominoplasty performed eight months before pregnancy. A literature search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, BVS and Google Scholar, with no restriction by language or date of publication. Studies of any design were included, including case reports. Book chapters and clinical practice guidelines were excluded. Results: Overall, 1,158 studies were identified, of which 13 case reports or case series met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, for a total of 111 patients. No reports of TULUA before pregnancy were found. Age at the time of delivery ranged between 19 and 37 years and all births were at term, with newborns of adequate birth weight. Eleven studies described the route of delivery, including 7 cases of cesarean section and 4 vaginal deliveries. Two studies described the development of cervical prolapse, one at 15 weeks of gestation and the second at the time of labor. Three patients experienced impaired abdominal wall nerve block during the cesarean section. Regarding cosmetic results after delivery, there is a paucity of data about potential relapse in the form of skin laxity or diastasis. However, satisfactory cosmetic results were reported in two cases. Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature on the topic of pregnancy following abdominoplasty, and it is limited to case reports. The literature suggests that abdominoplasty could increase the frequency of cervical prolapse and cesarean section, although the impact on perinatal outcome is not clear. It appears that abdominal wall repair is maintained. Additional studies focusing on perinatal outcomes in women with abdominoplasty and the impact of gestation on the results of the intervention are required.

Lipoabdominoplastia em âncora / Anchor lipoabdominoplasty

A obesidade mórbida se caracteriza por acúmulo de tecido adiposo que se distribui de maneira heterogênea em todo o organismo, tendo a gastroplastia como o mais recente método de tratamento cirúrgico. Após perda considerável de peso, o doente apresenta sobras cutâneas, sob essas sobras acumulam-se secreções que favorecem a instalação de infecções cutâneas que podem ser minimizadas com a execução de dermolipectomias. Os autores descrevem a técnica de lipoabdominoplastia em âncora, adaptando os princípios de descolamento reduzido do retalho, lipoaspiração de abdome e flancos, e preservação da fáscia de Scarpa infraumbilical associado à marcação pré-cirúrgica em "Fleur-de-Lis". A técnica foi realizada em 17 pacientes em pós-operatório tardio de gastroplastia, entre janeiro de 2018 e junho de 2019, com idade entre 35 a 66 anos, sendo 16 pacientes do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino. Todos os pacientes foram operados com exames pré-operatórios dentro da normalidade, condições clínicas satisfatórias e IMC<30. Na presente série de casos, um paciente apresentou epidermólise de coto umbilical; todos os pacientes apresentaram edema e equimoses, e um paciente apresentou seroma no 13º dia de pós-operatório. Hematoma, necrose, infecção, deiscência de ferida operatória ou eventos tromboembólicos não foram observados em nenhum paciente. A técnica demostrou ser segura e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com excedente cutâneo abdominal, com melhora do contorno corporal, porém há necessidade de maior tempo de acompanhamento pós-operatório e maior número de casos operados para melhor mensurar os resultados, bem como a incidência de complicações.

Morbid obesity is characterized by the accumulation of adipose tissues distributed heterogeneously throughout the body, and gastroplasty is the latest method of surgical treatment. After considerable weight loss, patients present with excess skin under which secretions accumulate, increasing susceptibility for skin infections, which can be minimized with dermolipectomy. Herein, we describe the anchor lipoabdominoplasty technique, adapting the principles of reduced flap detachment, abdominal and flank liposuctions, and preservation of the infraumbilical Scarpa's fascia associated with the preoperative fleurde- lis marking. The technique was used for seventeen patients, including sixteen women and one man, with late postoperative gastroplasty, aged 35­66 years in the period from January 2018 to June 2019. The patients presented with normal preoperative testing, satisfactory clinical conditions, and body mass index scores less than 30 kg/m2. In the present case series, one patient had umbilical cord remnant epidermolysis; all patients had edema and ecchymosis; and one patient had seroma on postoperative day 13. Hematoma, necrosis, infection, wound dehiscence, or thromboembolic events were not observed in any patient. The technique is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with abdominal excess skin, improving their body contour. However, longer postoperative follow-up periods and more cases are necessary to better measure the results and incidence of complications.

Avaliação quantitativa do débito do dreno na lipoabdominoplastia - estudo comparativo / Quantitative evaluation of drain flow in lipoabdominoplasty - a comparative study

Introdução: A importância da fáscia de Scarpa, tanto na diminuição da tensão da sutura da pele quando na diminuição do seroma, são assuntos de grande discussão sobre a lipoabdominoplastia. Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar o débito nos drenos, nos 1º, 3º, 5º e 7º dias de pós-operatórios, em procedimentos de lipoabdominoplastias com e sem preservação da fáscia de Scarpa. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e consecutivo, analizando 24 pacientes submetidas à lipo abdominoplastia por sete cirurgiões (residentes) diferentes, no período de agosto-dezembro de 2013. As pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos, um com manutenção da fáscia de Scarpa e outro onde ela foi removida. Foi pesquisado o débito no dreno nos 1°, 3°, 5° e 7º dias de PO, assim como as complicações nos dois grupos. Resultado: Três pacientes do grupo apresentaram epiteliólise na cicatriz umbilical, sendo duas delas tabagistas. Houve menor quantidade de líquido drenado no grupo 1 do que no grupo 2, sendo significância menor no 1º pós-operatório. Um paciente do grupo 2 apresentou seroma (40 ml), aspirado com seringa no 10º PO, sem recidiva. Conclusão: Ficou demonstrado que a lipoabdominoplastia com preservação da fáscia de Scarpa apresentou diminuição de drenagem sero-sanguinolenta, tanto nas medições como um todo (182,09 ml a menos na somatória dos sete dias) quanto na medição de cada dia isoladamente.

Introduction: The importance of Scarpa's fascia in reducing both skin suture tension and seroma is a subject of great discussion in lipoabdominoplasty. This study evaluates drain flow in lipoabdominoplasty, with and without preservation of Scarpa's fascia, on postoperative days 1º, 3º, 5º, and 7º. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, and serial study of 24 patients who underwent lipoabdominoplasty; procedures performed by seven different surgeons (residents) were evaluated between August and December 2013. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether Scarpa's fascia was preserved or removed. Drain flow was evaluated on postoperative days 1º, 3º, 5º, and 7º, and complications were assessed in the two groups. Results: Three patients developed epitheliosis on the umbilical scar, and two were smokers. There was less fluid drainage in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2, and this was less significant on postoperative day 1. One patient in Group 2 developed a seroma (40 ml), which was aspirated with a syringe on postoperative day 10, with no recurrence. Conclusion: Lipoabdominoplasty with Scarpa's fascia preservation resulted in reduced serosanguinous drainage, both when taken as a whole (182.09 ml less for the seven day total), or measured daily.

Lipoabdominoplastia. Sistematização para minimizar complicações / Lipoabdominoplasty. Systematization to minimize complications

Introdução: A abdominoplastia e a lipoaspiração estão entre as cirurgias plásticas estéticas mais realizadas em nosso país, inúmeros cirurgiões plásticos brasileiros contribuíram para o seu aperfeiçoamento, sempre visando um melhor resultado ao paciente. Devemos sempre estar atentos aos fenômenos tromboembólicos que podem ter um desfecho dramático. Métodos: Foram operadas 20 pacientes, com idade variando de 29 a 63 anos, idade média de 43 anos, todas do sexo feminino. As pacientes passaram por consulta pré-anestésica, onde foram classificadas segundo o risco cirúrgico utilizando tabela da ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists), realizaram os exames de rotina, Ultrassonografia de parede abdominal, avaliação cardiológica e avaliação psicológica. Resultados: Em nossa casuística de 20 pacientes, tivemos um caso de seroma persistente, um caso de "dog ear" e um caso de deiscência de cicatriz umbilical, as complicações encontradas não influenciaram o resultado final da cirurgia e 15 pacientes se disseram muito satisfeitos após 6 meses de operados. Conclusão: A lipoabdominoplastia demonstrou ser uma técnica segura e que traz bons resultados ao paciente, aspectos psicológicos devem ser avaliados e uma rotina criteriosa desde o pré-operatório visa diminuir possíveis intercorrências.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty and liposuction are two of the most frequently performed plastic surgeries in Brazil. Many Brazilian plastic surgeons have contributed to their improvement and constantly seek the best result for their patients. Surgeons also must always be attentive to thromboembolic events that may have a tragic outcome. Methods: Twenty (20) female patients, aged 29 to 63 years, with a mean age of 43 years, underwent surgery. The patients attended a pre-anesthetic visit, where they were classified according to surgical risk using the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, underwent routine testing, abdominal wall ultrasonography, cardiovascular assessment, and psychological assessment. Results: Among the 20 cases, there was one case of persistent seroma, one case of "dog-ear," and one case of umbilical wound dehiscence. The complications that occurred did not influence the final surgical outcome and 15 patients were very satisfied 6 months post-surgery. Conclusion: Lipoabdominoplasty proved to be a safe technique with good results. Psychological factors must be assessed and a necessarily rigorous routine starting from the preoperative period allows a reduction in the risk of complications.

Fibrin Sealant and Lipoabdominoplasty in Obese Grade 1 and 2 Patients

BACKGROUND: Ever since lipoabdominoplasty was first developed to achieve better aesthetic outcomes and less morbidity, the rate of seroma formation, especially in obese patients, has disturbed plastic surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibrin sealant in the prevention of seroma formation after lipoabdominoplasty in obese patients. METHODS: Sixty patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 39.9 were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups (30 patients each). Group A underwent lipoabdominoplasty with fibrin glue, while group B underwent traditional lipoabdominoplasty; both had closed suction drainage applied to the abdomen. The patients' demographics and postoperative complications were recorded. Seroma was detected using abdominal ultrasound examinations at two postoperative periods: between postoperative days 10 and 12 and, between postoperative days 18 and 21. RESULTS: The age range was 31 to 55 years (38.5+/-9.5 years) in group A and 25 to 58 years (37.8+/-9.1 years) in group B, while the mean BMI was 31.4 to 39.9 kg/m2 (32.6 kg/m2) in group A and 32.7 to 37.4 kg/m2 (31.5 kg/m2) in group B. In group A, the patients had a complication rate of 10% in group A versus 43% in group B (P<0.05). The incidence of seroma formation was 3% in the fibrin glue group but 37% in the lipoabdominoplasty-alone group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lipoabdominoplasty with the use of autologous fibrin sealant is a very effective method that significantly reduces the rate of postoperative seroma.

Abdominoplastia clásica con lipoaspiración de contorno versus lipoabdominoplastia: estudio aleatorio doble ciego / Classic abdominoplasty with liposuction contour versus lipoabdominoplasty: randomized double-blind

Con el advenimiento de la lipoaspiración en 1980, existió un gran progreso del abordaje de la pared abdominal, evolucionando a nuevos conceptos de remodelación del contorno corporal, como la lipoabominoplastia descrita por Saldanha en el año 2001. El objetivo del estudio es comparar los resultados de la abdominoplastia clásica con Lipoaspiración de contorno contra la lipoabdominoplastia. Analizando morbilidad postoperatoria y grado de satisfacción. Se estudiaron prospectivamente todos los pacientes intervenidos en la ciudad de Valdivia, excluyendo a los pacientes con IMC mayor de 35, hernias abdominales asociadas, cicatrices quirúrgicas extensas de la pared abdominal. Se designaron aleatoriamente mediante método de distribución de probabilidad uniforme. El paciente ni el encuestador supieron la técnica empleada. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados mediante estadística descriptiva y chi cuadrado. Hubo 30 pacientes por grupo. Ambos grupos fueron comparables según las variables demográficas. Hubo complicaciones en el 16,7 por ciento de las intervenciones. Siendo más frecuentes los seromas en el grupo de la abdominoplastia. El grado de satisfacción fue elevado en ambos grupos, sin embargo, los "retoques" solicitados por los pacientes fue mayor en el grupo de la abdominoplastia clásica. Nuestros resultados son comparables con otras series, creemos que el mayor porcentaje de seromas fue dado por el mayor tallaje del colgajo dermo graso. Sin duda que las técnicas de remodelación de la pared abdominal se deben analizar en forma particular, teniendo en consideración los distintos parámetros anatómicos de cada paciente.

With the advent of liposuction in 1980, there was a great progress in addressing the abdominal wall, evolving into new concepts of body contouring, as Lipoabdominoplasty described by Saldanha in 2001. The objective of the study is to compare the results of classical abdominoplasty contour liposuction against Lipoabdominoplasty. Analyzing postoperative, morbidity and satisfaction. All patients operated in the city of Valdivia, excluding patients with BMI greater than 35, associated abdominal hernias, extensive surgical scarring of the abdominal wall were prospectively studied. They were randomly designated using uniform probability distribution. Neither the patient nor the interviewer knew the technique. Statistical analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and chi square. There were 30 patients per group. Both groups were comparable according to demographic variables. Complications occurred in 16.7 percent of the interventions. The most frequent was seroma in abdominoplasty group. The degree of satisfaction was high in both groups, however the "tweaks" requested by patients was higher in the classical abdominoplasty group. Our results are comparable with other series, we believe that the highest percentage of seromas was given by the largest sizing fatty dermal flap. Certainly the indication of technical remodeling of the abdominal wall should be analyzed on an individual basis taking into account the different anatomical parameters of each patient.

Lipoabdominoplasty with Litmited Central Undermining

The classic abdominoplasty still provides the best results, despite many advances in abdominoplasty techniques. Performing liposuction and at the same time abdominoplasty is associated with a relatively high incidence of complication especially in patients with wide undermining of the abdominal flap. So, when performing the liposuction and abdominoplasty at the same time, cautious suctioning with small cannulas in the upper abdominal flap is recommended. Most perform liposuction and abdominoplasty separately, with 6-month interval between procedures to avoid involvement of the blood vessel. In 1992, Illouz published a technique of abdominoplasty without undermining that was used in obese patients with pendulous abdomens in which an enbloc resection followed by superior lipoplasty and limited plication of abdominal recti muscle. Authors present a new surgical approach to the aesthetic treatment of the abdominal region, especially upper abdomen, which uses the principles of liposuction and the traditional abdominoplasty with limited central undermining flap. Lipoplasty proceeds from the region above the umbilicus to the flank and the skin is resected as in classical abdominoplasty, but a thinner fatty layer with its connective tissue is preserved. The limited central undermining is done for the correction of diastasis recti in upper abdomen. Authors suggest that lipoabdominoplasty with limited central undermining may be appropriate technique to enhances the upper abdominal contour with fewer complications.