ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze liquid milk exposure of thiocyanate among Chinese population and preliminarily assess its health risk.@*Methods@#A total of 2 059 raw milk samples were collected during 2013 and 2014 from 12 Chinese provinces, New Zealand and Netherlands. Farms were chosed according to the main sources of dairy companies, the distribution of farms and the yield of milk. Content of thiocyanate were detected by ion chromatography. Liquid milk consumption data were taken from Chinese beverage and alcoholic beverage consumption survey in 18 cities or counties in 9 provinces, including 16 775 subjects older than 3. A simple distribution model was used to estimate the exposure of thiocyanate from liquid milk. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) of thiocyanate was made 0.08 mg·kg-1·d-1. Then the exposures of different age groups were compared with TDI.@*Results@#Finally, 1 331 samples out of 2 059 were detected to contain thiocyanate. The detection rate was 65%. The average concentration of thiocyanate was 2.11 mg/kg, with a range of 0.10-16.20 mg/kg. The general population's consumption of thiocyanate by drinking liquid milk was 0.001 mg · kg-1 · d-1, which was lower than TDI. The P95 of general population and consumers were 0.009 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 0.020 mg·kg -1·d-1 respectively, which were also lower than TDI. Mean exposures of population aged 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, 18-59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 0.007, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 mg · kg-1·d-1 respectively, which were all lower than TDI.@*Conclusion@#The results suggested that the health risk of thiocyanate exposure by drinking liquid milk among Chinese population was at a low level. However, milk products for children deserve more concern.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of liquid milk on the nutritional status in premature infants with a gestational age of less than 36 weeks and give some suggestions on feeding in premature infants. Methods Ninety-five premature infants were divided into full -term in fant formula feeding group and liquid milk in premature feeding group.The rates of weight gain, length increment,head circumference increment and the incidence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) were observed and compared between two groups before and after the time of full enteral feeding. ResultsThe average daily weight gain[( 12. 1 ±2. 3 )g/( kg · d)v. s( 10. 5±2. 1)g/(kg· d),P＜ 0.01 ),head circumference increment[(0. 85 +0.29)v. s (0.71 +0.31)cm/W,P ＜0. 05 ) and length increment[(0. 76 + 0. 24) v. s ( 0. 65 + 0. 27 ) cm/W, P ＜ 0. 05 ) were significantly better in the infants fed with liquid milk in premature compared with the infants fed with full - term children formula.There was obvious difference in the incidence of EUGR between two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . ConclusionThe growth and development of premature infants fed with liquid milk in premature were better than those of full - term in fant formula.