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Objective To investigate the characteristics of primary liver carcinoma (PLC) in patients with hepatitis B and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 308 patients with hepatitis B in our hospital from March 2016 to March 2019 were selected to investigate the occurrence of PLC. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PLC in patients with hepatitis B. Results The results of this survey showed that 116 of the 308 patients with hepatitis B had PLC (37.66%). The single factor analysis showed that age, diabetes mellitus, family history of PLC, smoking, drinking, eating habits, hepatitis B virus load, e antigen, antiviral therapy, fatty liver and cirrhosis were the influencing factors of PLC in patients with hepatitis B (P 50 years old, diabetes mellitus, family history of PLC, smoking, drinking, poor diet, positive HBV load, positive e antigen, ineffective antiviral therapy, fatty liver and cirrhosis were independent risk factors for PLC in patients with hepatitis B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with hepatitis B were at high risk of PLC. They were affected by various factors. It is important to strengthen the preventative care of patients over 50 years old, with diabetes mellitus, family history of PLC, smoking, drinking, poor diet, hepatitis B virus load positive, e antigen positive, ineffective antiviral therapy, fatty liver, cirrhosis and so on.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin （DHA）on the metabolism of amino acid metabolites in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh 7 and BEL- 7402，and to provide theoretic basis for clarifying the mechanism of DHA regulating the metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS ：CCK-8 method was taken to detect the effect of different concentrations of DHA （12.5，25，50，100 µmol/L）treating for 24，48，72 h on the two kinds of cells. Two kinds of cells were divided into control group and administration group （DHA，25 µmol/L），and then cultured with drug-free or drug-containing medium for 24 h，operated in parallel for three times. After derivatization of cell samples in each group ，GC-MS method was used to detect the content of amino acid metabolites ，combined with SIMCA-P software analysis and compound library comparison ，the differential metabolites in two kinds of cells were screened out. The pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolism was conducted with Metaboanalyst 4.0 software. RESULTS ：Compared with control group ，the contents of glutamine ，glutathione， phenylalanine，fumaric acid and taurine were trending down in Huh 7 or BEL- 7402 cells. There were 28 and 29 differential metabolites obtained from the above two kinds of cells ，and 10 of them were common differential metabolites ，including glutamine，glutathione，taurine，fumaric acid ，phenylalanine，etc. The differential metabolites were enriched in 8 and 6 pathways respectively. The common enrichment pathways were amino acid-tRNA biosynthesis ，aspartate-alanine-glutamate metabolism ， nitrogen metabolism ，phenylalanine metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway ，etc. CONCLUSIONS ：DHA can significantly reduce the activities of Huh 7 cells and BEL- 7402 cells，and the contents of glutamine ，glutamic acid ，glutathione and phenylalanine，etc. It may regulate the growth of the two kinds of cells by influencing the mechanism of aspartic acid- alanine-glutamate metabolic pathway ，etc.
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@# Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of asiatic acid (AA) on malignant biological behaviors of human liver cancer cells and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Human liver cancer cell line (Huh7) was used as research subject, and treated with different concentrations of AA (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μmol/L) in vitro. The effect of AA on cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 and EdU assay; the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry, while the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (AKT, P-ERK 1/2 , p38, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase9, BAX, Bcl-2, AKT, ERK, p38, pro-caspase 3 and pro-caspase 9) were examined by WB. Results: AA could inhibit the proliferation of Huh7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (all P<0.05). After being incubated with 10 μmol/L AA for 24 h, the proliferation of Huh7 cells was significantly inhibited (P<0.05), the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P<0.05), and cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase (P<0.05).AAinduced p-p38 expression, but inhibited the expression of p-AKT and p-ERK in a dose-dependent manner (all P<0.05). In addition, as the concentration of AA increased, the levels of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9 and BAX increased, while the level of Bcl-2 decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion:AAinhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells and promotes its apoptosis, which is associated with the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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@#【Objective】To evaluate the efficacy of three different methods of subcostal transversus abdominis plane（TAP）block for patients undergoing open liver carcinoma resection.【Methods】A total of 60 adult patients，undergoing elective open liver carcinoma resection through a“reverse L”incision below the rib bow，were enrolled. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups（20 cases in each），including Group A，B and C，according to the position of local anesthetic injection. All patients underwent ultrasound- guided bilateral subcostal TAP block under local anesthesia. The TAP injection was injected at the middle line of the clavicle in Group A；Two separate injections were at the parasternal line and at the anterior axillary line in Group B；Multiple injections were proformed between the anterior median line and the middle axillary line in Group C. After completion of TAP block，the onset time，duration，blocking extent，hemodynamics and abdominal muscle thickness were evaluated. The operating time of TAP block and incidence of complications were recorded.【Results】The blocking extent of Group B or Group C was greater than that of Group A（P < 0.05），with no significant difference between Group B and Group C. The duration of TAP block in Group B or Group C was longer than that of Group A，while the onset time was not significantly different between the three groups. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate during laparotomy were higher than the base value in Group A，while there were no evident changes in Group B and Group C. The rectus abdominis became thinner after TAP block in all patients，but there was no significant difference in muscle thickness change among the three groups. The operating time of TAP block in the three groups was （8.4±1.9），（13.8±3.1），（23.3±4.2）min，respectively，with significant difference between any two groups（P < 0.05）. None of the patients enrolled showed such complications as local anesthetic poisoning，abdominal wall hematoma，nerve injury， abdominal viscera injury，and puncture point infection.【Conclusion】The outcome of subcostal TAP block for patients undergoing open liver surgery is related to injecting position of anesthetics. Two- point-injection method is superior to one- point-injection method or multiple-point-injection method，for adequate analgesic extent as well as less operating time.
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Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of color coded quantitative-digital subtraction angiography(CCQ-DSA)in microvascular of liver carcinoma.Methods: 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who received treatment in hospital were selected in this research and they were divided into observation group(20 cases)and control group(20 cases).The CCQ-DSA was applied in observation group to observe microvascular of liver carcinoma and DSA imaging was applied in control group.And the applied effects of two groups in the display evaluation of new vessels of liver carcinoma were compared.Results: The differences of collateral circulation vessel and collateral circulation of small lesion of liver carcinoma between the two groups were significant(x2=5.584,x2=18.142,P＜0.05),respectively.And the difference of capillary type of liver carcinoma by diagnosis of angiography was significant(x2=10.039,P＜0.05).Conclusion: The diagnostic effect of CCQ-DSA for microvascular of liver carcinoma is better than that of DSA imaging,and it has significant advantage of display on image detail.
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Aim To explore the influence of paclitaxel in the proliferation and apoptosis of liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 and hepatocytes in vitro. Methods HepG2 cells and hepatocytes were divided into negative control group and different concentrations(5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μg·L-1) paclitaxel groups. The inhibitory rates of proliferation of HepG2 cells and hepatocytes treated by different concentrations of paclitaxel for 24, 48 and 72 hours were assessed by MTT method. The apoptotic rates and cell cycle of HepG2 cells and hepa-tocytes treated by different concentrations of paclitaxel were measured by flow cytometry after Annexin V/PI staining. Results MTT results showed that paclitaxel inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and hepato-cytes in a concentration-dependent manner ( P <0.05) . Paclitaxel induced morphological changes of apoptosis in the HepG2 cells and hepatocytes by using Hoechst 3328 staining. The flow cytometry results showed the cell cycle changes of HepG2 cells and hep-atocytes treated by different concentrations of paclitaxel for 24 h. Compared with negative control group, the percentages of HepG2 cells and hepatocytes in G2/M phase increased ( P < 0.05 ) . The G2/M block in-creased with the drug concentration. With the increase in Paclitaxel, G2/M phase significantly increased( P<0.05), G0/G1phase decreased(P <0.05), but no significant change occurred in S phase ( P >0.05 ) . Meanwhile, paclitaxel induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and hepatocytes. However, the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells induced by paclitaxel was significantly higher than that of hepatocytes, and the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells increased gradually with the increase of paclitaxel concentration. Conclusion Paclitaxel can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and hepato-cytes, which may be achieved by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE in the adjuvant treatment of primary liver carcinoma,and to provide evidence-based reference.METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,Wanfang database,VIP and PubMed,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE (trial group) vs.TACE alone (control group) in the treatment of primary liver carcinoma were collected.Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 software after data extraction and quality evaluation according to improved Jadad scale.RESULTS:A total of 8 RCTs were included,involving 527 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in response rate [RR=1.19,95％CI(0.97,1.46),P=0.091] and clinical benefit rate [RR=1.16,95％CI(0.90,1.48),P=0.251] of 2 groups.The rate of life quality improvement in trial group was significantly higher than control group [RR=2.26,95 ％ CI (1.64,3.10),P=0.001],while the incidence of above middle fever [RR=0.74,95％ CI (0.63,0.88),P=0.001],gastrointestinal reaction [RR=0.52,95％ CI (0.32,0.85),P=0.010] and leucocyte reduction rate [RR=0.75,95％ CI (0.62,0.92),P=0.005],were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE for primary liver carcinoma cannot improve therapeutic efficacy but improve the quality of life and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction and leucocyte reduction.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE in the adjuvant treatment of primary liver carcinoma,and to provide evidence-based reference.METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,Wanfang database,VIP and PubMed,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE (trial group) vs.TACE alone (control group) in the treatment of primary liver carcinoma were collected.Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 software after data extraction and quality evaluation according to improved Jadad scale.RESULTS:A total of 8 RCTs were included,involving 527 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in response rate [RR=1.19,95％CI(0.97,1.46),P=0.091] and clinical benefit rate [RR=1.16,95％CI(0.90,1.48),P=0.251] of 2 groups.The rate of life quality improvement in trial group was significantly higher than control group [RR=2.26,95 ％ CI (1.64,3.10),P=0.001],while the incidence of above middle fever [RR=0.74,95％ CI (0.63,0.88),P=0.001],gastrointestinal reaction [RR=0.52,95％ CI (0.32,0.85),P=0.010] and leucocyte reduction rate [RR=0.75,95％ CI (0.62,0.92),P=0.005],were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Shenqi fuzheng injection assisting TACE for primary liver carcinoma cannot improve therapeutic efficacy but improve the quality of life and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction and leucocyte reduction.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of S-1 capsules combined with recombinant human end-ostatin in the treatment of middle and advanced primary liver carcinoma. METHODS:Totally 94 patients with middle and advanced primary liver carcinoma in the First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges university during Feb. 2012-Dec. 2014 were divided into combination group(48 cases)and control group(46 cases)according to random number table. Both groups were given S-1 capsules 40-60 mg orally within 30 min after breakfast and supper. Combination group additionally received Recom-binant human endostatin injection 150 mg added into 0.9%Sodium chloride injection 210 mL with portable micro pump for continu-ous pump of 120 h. A course involved 14 d treatment and 7 d interval. Short-term objective therapeutic efficacy,clinical benefit re-sponse (CBR) and ADR were evaluated after 2 courses. Disease progression time and average survival period were compared be-tween 2 groups. RESULTS:Objective response rate,disease control rate,disease progression time and average survival period of combination group were 14.6%,66.7%,(5.5 ± 1.3) months,(10.7 ± 3.8) months;those of control group were 8.7%,45.6%, (4.8±1.2)months,(8.9±3.3)months,with statistical significance between 2 groups(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:S-1 combined with recombinant human end-ostatin show good therapeutic efficacy and tolerance for patients with middle and advanced primary liver carcinoma,and do not in-crease the incidence of ADR.
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Objective To study the clinical treatment and prognosis of de novo liver cancer following renal transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients who developed de novo liver cancer after renal transplantation carried out prior to treatment of liver cancer at the First Center Hospital of Tianjin between June 2006 and June 2016 were retrospectively studied.These patients were diagnosed to have liver cancer ranging from 23 to 98 months after renal transplantations,with an average of (42.5 ± 29.7) months.Two patients were diagnosed within 2 years,7 within 5 years,and 6 over 5 years after renal transplantation.Results Three patients underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 12 patients underwent surgical resection which included right/left hemihepatectomy (n =5),hepatic segment resection (n =4),and tumor enucleation (n =3).Postoperative histopathology confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma in 8 patients,cholangiocarcinoma in 1 patient,and mixed liver cancer in 3 patients.Among the 12 patients who initially underwent'curative'surgery,3 patients died from recurrent cancer 8,16,25 months after surgery,respectively.The remaining 9 patients were still alive with a follow-up which ranged from 0.6 to 65-month.The 3 patients who underwent TACE were alive for 4,7 and 13 months,respectively.Conclusions De novo liver cancer were usually asymptomatic and had a rapid onset.The optimal clinical management which includes early diagnosis,appropriate therapy with immunosuppression and renal function preservation can result in good long-term survival.
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Objective: To investigate the anticancer effect and the mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 on animal model of HepG2 liver carcinoma. Methods: HE staining was used to observe cell morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GSK-3β, β-catenin, and MMP-3 in isolated single cells. The activity of GSK-3β was checked by ELISA kit. The expression levels of GSK-3β, β-catenin, Bax, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and MMP-3 genes were measured by qRT-PCR. The expression of β-catenin and GSK-3β proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results: HE staining showed that the nucleus was atypia and account for a large proportion of the whole cell in HepG2 group and HepG2-β-catenin group. But nucleus atypia in HepG2-β-catenin group was more obvious. Condensation nuclei and a lot of broken cells were observed in HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group and HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group. However, condensation nuclei and broken cells in HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group were more obvious. Immunohistochemical results indicated the expression of GSK-3β increased, while β-catenin and MMP-3 expression decreased in HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group, compared with HepG2-β-catenin group. The expression of β-catenin and MMP-3 in HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group was lower than that in HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group, while GSK-3β was no significant difference. The ELISA results indicated that the activity of GSK-3β was increased in HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group and HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group. Compared with HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group, the expression of Bax gene in HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group increased significantly, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, CycliD1, and MMP-3 genes were also significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with HepG2-β-catenin + ginsenoside Rh2 group, the expression of β-catenin protein in HepG2 + ginsenoside Rh2 group was also significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: In vivo experiment shows that weight of tumor is decreased by ginsenoside Rh2 through activating GSK-3β to degrade β-catenin and could inhibit the ability of HepG2 cells metastasis.
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Objective:To investigate the onset of hepatic artery-portal vein shunts (HAPVS) in primary liver cancer (PLC) pa-tients through digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and to devise a suitable strategy for treating both lesions and shunt tracts. In the process, the therapeutic effect on such patients can be enhanced. Methods:A total of 769 PLC patients who accepted transarterial che-moembolization (TACE) were analyzed retrospectively. We examined the image characteristics of 112 cases with HAPVS based on shunt type. For patients with middle or severe fistula, we initially attempted to overpass the fistula. Then, we either embolized the tumor lesions or merely provided chemotherapy to the patients. For patients with mild peripheral fistula, we embolized the tumor and fistula si-multaneously. Then, the accompanying arterial-vein shunt and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) were handled at the same time. Re-sults: DSA findings showed that portal veins were observed in the early stage of angiography. A total of 52 of the 112 cases with HAPVS involved mild shunts, 34 exhibited moderate shunts, and 26 reported severe shunts. Among these cases, 31 involved central-and central peripheral-type artery-portal vein fistula, whereas 81 involved peripheral-type artery-portal vein fistula. Seven cases were examined in combination with hepatic artery-liver vein shunts, and 50 cases were investigated in conjunction with PVTT. Tumor embo-lization was successful in 101 cases (90.1%). Moreover, catheters successfully overpassed shunt tracts and embolized the tumors in 48 cases (42.9%). Shunt tracts were successfully closed in 74 cases (66.1%), and no serious complication was observed. Conclusion:Pe-ripheral-type artery-portal vein fistula and mild-to-moderate shunts were easier to close than central-type artery-portal vein fistula and severe shunts were. Tumor embolization and shunt closure were successful in most patients. Therefore, TACE is a safe and reliable method for treating HAPVS in PLC.
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Objective To improve the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of the treatment of primary liver carcinoma with bone metastasis.Methods A retrospective study on diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis from 55 cases of primary liver carcinoma was developed.Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-meier meth-od,univariates analysed by Log-rank and multivariates analysed by Cox regression.Results The 1-,2-and 3-year cumulative survival rates of the cases from primary liver carcinoma were 54.5%,25.5%and 16.4%re-spectively.The mediate survival time was 13 months.And the cases with bone metastasis were 23.6%,10.9%and 1.8%respectively.The mediate survival time was 5.5 months.Factors such as metastasis to other organs,liv-er function,and the combined modality therapy were independent prognostic factors.While number of bone metas-tasis,AFP level and number of liver cancer had no significant relations with the survival rate.Conclusion The prognosis of bone metastasis from primary liver carcinoma is poor.It is important to take emphasis on combined mo-dality therapy,which may be benefit on reducing the symptom,improving the quality and prolong the life span.
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Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with sorafenib for the treatment of liver carcinoma.Methods Forty-eight cases of intermediate-advanced liver carcinoma patients were divided into TACE combined with sorafenib group(test group)and TACE only group(control group)according to the wishes of the patient,with 24 patients in each group.The median Survival Time(mOS),clinical efficacy,quality of life,liver function indexes and adverse reactions were compared in two groups.Results Until the deadline of follow-up time,the mOS in test group(15.9 months)was significantly higher than that in control group(9.3 months).The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The ORR,CBR in test group(58.3%,87.5%)were significantly higher than those in control group(33.3%, 54.2%).The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The quality of life improvement rate in test group(79.2%)was significantly higher than that in control group(37.5%).The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 ).The ALB,TBIL increased significantly after treatment than before treatment in both groups.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 ).Conclusion TACE combined with sorafenib is more efficiency than TACE only treatment,and it could effectively extend the period of life to guarantee the quality of life.What's more,it has well tolerated adverse reactions,which is worthy of promoting.
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Objective To observe the mortality and its changes on liver cancer in the past 30 years as well as to describe the spatial distribution of liver cancer deaths between 2005 and 2010 in Lingbi,Anhui province.Methods Using the mortality data from 1973-1975 and from 2005 to 2010 in Lingbi to compare with the relative national and historical data,to observe the trend of rapid increase on liver cancer mortality in Lingbi.Using the Poisson model,BYM model and hotspot detection method,standardized mortality ratio (SMR),relative risk(RR) value of liver cancer deaths of each village were calculated and the clustering of high liver cancer deaths was identified.Results Through an increase of 223.7％ on the SMR of liver cancer in the past 30 years,the standardized mortality of liver cancer in Lingbi had an increase of 74.1 percent than the national level in 2005-2010 but it was 22.7％ lower than the country level in 1973-1975.The SMR and RR values and their P values were higher in the villages which were located along the Kuisui River.Data from the clustering analysis showed that there had been significantly positive autocorrelation at the altitude of 5300 meters,and a very obvious hot spot of liver cancer deaths existing along the Kuisui River,especially at the bifurcation of the old Sui River and new Sui River was observed.Conclusion There was an alarming increase of liver cancer mortality in the past 30 years in Lingbi.The high mortality area mainly covered the villages along the Kuisui River,suggesting that there were common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the population at risk.
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ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors and the optimal management of hepatic artery complications (HAC) after orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsThe clinical data of 180 orthotopic liver transplantation patients performed between January 2005 and September 2007 was reviewed.The incidence of HAC between primary liver carcinoma and benign diseases of liver was compared.ResultsTwelve (6.7％) episodes of HAC were identified.3 were hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and 9 were hepatic artery stenosis (HAS).The incidence of HAC in patients with primary liver carcinoma (6/39) was higher than benign disease (6/141)(P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe keys to management of HAC after orthotopic liver transplantation are to diagnose the complication in time and to select the proper treatment based on the type of HAC.
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Objective To observe the inhibitory effect and mechanism of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes on HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. Methods HepG2 cells were incubated with 9-nitrocampto-thecin(9NC) or with 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes(9NC-LP) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Cell viability was then measured by the MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry.Western Blot was used to determine the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins. HepG2tumor-bearing mouse models were then established. The HepG2 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control group, free liposomes group, DMSO group, 9NC low dose group, 9NC high dose group, 9NC-LP low dose group and 9NC-LP high dose group. There were 10 mice in each group.Drugs were administered by tail vein and tumor volume and body weight were observed 28 days after administration. Then animals were sacrificed and the expression of proteins from tumor homogenates was analyzed by Western blotting. Results In vitro, HepG2 cell viability was apparently inhibited by 9NC and 9NC-LP, and the inhibitory effect increased in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.Both S and G2/M phase arrests were observed after incubation with drugs. HepG2 cells were completely arrested in S phase with 9NC concentration over than 0.1 μmol/L after incubation for 24 h,while more than 95% of cells arrested in G2/M phase when 9NC concentration was 0.1 μmol/L after incubation for 72 h. In vivo, compared with the control group, the average tumor volume was reduced in both the 9NC and 9NC-LP group (P50% of animals died 14 days after drug administration. Conclusion 9NC and 9NC-LP can inhibit HepG2 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. 9NC-LP has a more potent anti-tumor effect and fewer side effects in vivo,which means 9NC-LP is a promising compound for cancer therapy via intravenous administration.
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Objective To investigate the modulating effects and explore their mechanism of 9-nitrocamptothecin and its liposomes to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell cycle in HepG2 and L02 cell lines. Methods Cells were incubated with 9-nitrocamptothecin(9NC) or with 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, then, the cell viability was measured via MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after stained by PI and Annexin V-PE/7AAD. Additional, Western Blot was used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related protein. Results Both cells viability were apparently inhibited by the 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes, the inhibitory effect showed a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Both S and G2/M phases arrest were observed after incubated with drugs. HepG2 cell was completely arrested in S phase when 9NC concentration over than 0. 1 μmol/L after incubation for 24 h, while more than 95% cells arrested in G2/M phase when 9NC concentration is 0. 1 μmol/L after incubation for 72 h. Apoptosis induction effect also showed a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Western Blot results showed the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 were upregulated while Cyclin A, Cdk2, Cyclin E and Bcl-2 were downregulated. More importantly, the compounds were more cytotoxic to the cancer cell lines than to the normal liver cell. Conclusions 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes can potently inhibit cell growth via regulation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis, and this effect was preferentially in cancer cell. Inhibitory of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes was slightly better than the 9-nitrocamptothecin.
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Objective To study the efficacy of percutaneous ablative therapy for malignant liver lesions under real-time virtual guidance. Methods Percutaneous ablations were applied to 76 patients with 125 malignant liver lesions under the guidance of a real time virtual system (RVS). 64. 8% (81/ 125) lesions were undetectable on conventional ultrasound (US). The time spent on image fusion and the local treatment response were studied. Results The average time taken to synchronize the ultrasound and CT images was (19. 2±12. 8) min (range 5～55 min). Complete ablations were achieved in 86. 4% (38/44) of distinctly visualized lesions and in 91. 6% (74/81) of poorly visualized lesions on US. No treatment associated complications were found. Conclusion Ablation assisted by RVS and CT was safe and efficacious, especially for lesions undetectable by conventional ultrasound.
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Objective To compare the curative results of three different therapies for earlyintermediate stage primary liver cancer. Methods The data of 428 patients with early-intermediate stage primary liver cancer treated with one of three curative therapies from April 2004 to July 2010 in our center were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided non-randomly into three groups: group A liver-cancer resection (n = 231), group B radio-frequency ablation (RFA) (n = 63), and group C liver transplantation (n=134). The 1-, 3-, 5-year accululative survival and recurrence rate in each group were compared. Results The accumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 93.3%, 71.9%, 57.2% for group A; 86.7%, 46.5%, 38.8% for group B; 95.7%, 78.3%, 72.1% for group C,respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 30. 3% , 49. 7%, 68. 6% for group A; 39. 3% , 58. 7% , 79. 3% for group B; 7. 0% , 12. 1% , 12. 1% for group C,respectively. There was a highly significant difference between groups A, B and C in the survival rates and the recurrence rates. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher for group C than group A and group B (P<0. 01, P<0. 001), and the recurrence rate of 1, 3, 5-years were significantly lower for group C than for group A and B (P<0. 001). Conclusion Liver transplantation was the most effective therapy for the early-intermediate stage primary liver cancer.