ABSTRACT
Usnea lichens, as traditional Chinese medicine, has an extraordinary long history. It is well known for its medicinal uses due to the unique symbiosis of bacteria and algae. The symbiosis promotes the unique medicinal values. Its traditional functions involve clearing heat and detoxifying, relaxing tendon and activating blood, clearing liver and improving eyesight, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, etc. They are mainly used for treating diseases such as phlegm malaria, infection, trauma, etc. They can cure plague, edema, and other diseases in the formula. Usnea lichens contain secondary metabolites such as multi-substituted monobenzenes, dibenzofurans, depsides, etc. Dibenzofurans and depsides are the main active ingredients. The crude extracts and compounds derived from Usnea lichens possess potent antimicrobial, antitumor, lipid-lowering, and liver-protecting activities. This paper reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and biological activities of Usnea lichens in recent years, which provides reference values for further development and utilization of them.
ABSTRACT
Compared with mammals, zebrafish has unique advantages in screening pharmacoactive substance, and has been paid more and more attention in the field of medicine. In recent years, the exploration of zebrafish has been extended and extended to the field of Chinese materia medica (CMM), especially for the screening pharmacoactive substance of the single CMM, the CMM compound and Chinese patent medicines with multi-target, multi-channel and multi-link effects. As a complete animal model, zebrafish can carry out comprehensive and deep research on the effective chemical components that play a role in TCM, and then realize convenient, rapid and high-throughput screening of pharmacodynamics substances in CMM. Combined with the literature reports in recent five years at home and abroad, this paper reviews the latest research progress and unique advantages on the screening of pharmacodynamics substances in CMM in model organism zebrafish, mainly from the screening of cardiovascular drugs, lipid-lowering and liver-protecting drugs, anti-osteoporosis drugs, anti-tumor drugs, anti-inflammatory and other drugs, in order to provide a new idea for the application of model organism zebrafish in CMM and provide reference for the new drugs research of CMM.
ABSTRACT
Abri Herba,a kind of plant of Leguminosae family,is widely distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi,with rich resources.With a long medication history in China,its whole-plant, apart from plant seeds have been used as medicine, with the effects in removing dampness and removing jaundice, clearing heat and detoxifying,and clearing the liver and relieving pain. By accessing CNKI, Wanfang date,VIP Web, ScienceDirect,FMRS, Pubmed and multiple domestic and foreign databases,recent literatures on chemical constituents and pharmacological action and clinical trials of Abri Herba were collected and summarized in a review.According to a great quantity of relevant domestic and foreign literatures.Abri herba contains abundant chemical constituents, such as betulinic acid and other triterpenoids, catechin and other flavonoids,abrine and other alkaloids, chrysophanol and other anthraquinones, as well as inorganic elements.Abri Herba has a wide range of pharmacological effects due to rich material basis. Abri Herba, as a folk traditional herb, is used to treat jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, distending pain in the stomach, acute mastitisand gall, steatosis hepatis, hepatitis and internal traumatic injury. It also has many other effects in resisting tumor,oxidation,bacteria,virus and inflammation, relieving pain, promoting wound healing and regulating immunity.At present, there is single herb or traditional Chinese medicine compounds of Abri Herba in clinic, and the latter is the majority. Abri Herba can play a better pesticide effect by combining with traditional Chinese medicine. With a wide range of pharmacological effects,cheap price and easy cultivation. Abri Herba has high economic and social benefits, great potential for development and broad market prospects.Based on domestic and foreign studies on Abri Herba in past 30 years, the recent progress in the studies on chemical constituents,biological activities and clinical applications of this plant was reviewed in this paper, in the expectation of providing reference for further development and comprehensive utilization of Abri Herba medicinal resources.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules to evaluate the toxicological safety. Methods:The mouse acute oral toxicity test, Ames test, micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow and mouse sperm shape ab-normality test were carried out for Sanqi liver-protecting capsules. Results:The mouse acute oral maximum tolerance dose ( MTD) of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules was above 20 g·kg-1 in the mouse acute oral toxicity test, which showed a non-toxic substance. The results of Ames test, micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow and mouse sperm shape abnormality test were negative in all the groups. Conclusion:Under the above experimental conditions,the genotoxicity of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules is not found out, therefore, the capsules are classified as a non-toxic drug.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules to evaluate the toxicological safety. Methods:The mouse acute oral toxicity test, Ames test, micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow and mouse sperm shape ab-normality test were carried out for Sanqi liver-protecting capsules. Results:The mouse acute oral maximum tolerance dose ( MTD) of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules was above 20 g·kg-1 in the mouse acute oral toxicity test, which showed a non-toxic substance. The results of Ames test, micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow and mouse sperm shape abnormality test were negative in all the groups. Conclusion:Under the above experimental conditions,the genotoxicity of Sanqi liver-protecting capsules is not found out, therefore, the capsules are classified as a non-toxic drug.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Achillea asiatiсa has been used in traditional medicine for one hundreds of years. Many compounds have been isolated from /Achillea asiatica/, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes and essential oils. Salsola collina herb grows in Siberia, Baikal and Altai. It contains a variety of amino acids, flavonoids, glycosides, and vitamins. It has a positive effect on metabolism of fats in liver, regulates cholesterol and sugar in the blood and is recommended for weight reduction. Salsola collina is widely distributed in droughty and semi-droughty area, which is used as a kind of folk remedy in traditional Chinese and Mpngolian traditional medicine for treatment of hypertension and liver protectevity . Goal: The aim of study is to choose optimal extragent and determination liver protecting activity in Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina and to determine main substances in these herbals. Material and Methods: Achillea asiatiсa was collected from Dorgonot mountain Tuv province in June of 2012, Salsola colina were collected from Medicinal botanical garden of Drug Research Institute in August of 2012. Maceration was chosen by suitable extraction method and optimal extragent was ethanol. Flavonoids were determined in evaporated extract of Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina using the method by Mongolian National first Pharmacopeia. We use non line wistar rats, determination liver protecting activity biochemical analysis by Hospitex analyzer. Result: Liquid extracts were obtained from Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina with maceration method. Liquid extracts were evaporated on Vacuum rotor. The tehnological parameters of liquid extracts are the main important index to calculate the extragent correctly, to establish the material balance exactly, and to extract the process efficiently. 70% ethanol (1:10 sample/extragent) was determined by optimal extragent for Achillea asiatiсa, 80% ethanol (1:10) for Salsola colina. Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina were have liver protecting activity. Conclusion: Some technological parameters of liquid extract were determined such as optimal extragent and the effective extracting method of Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina. As the result of determining these parameters, it has much practical significant for establishing the technological condition to extract the biological activity compounds completely from their plants. Key words: Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola collina, technological pharameters, flavonoid, anthraquinons, liver protecting activity