Multi-level exploration of the cultivation of logical thinking ability of graduate students in major of clinical laboratory diagnostics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Clinical laboratory diagnostics is an important secondary discipline in clinical medicine.Postgraduate students in clinical laboratory diagnostics are indispensable members of the future medical team.In view of the current situation about insufficiency of logical thinking ability of these graduates,this paper starts from the aspects of thought,theory,practice and effect test,and then enumerates examples to explore the reasonable training strategy of multi-level graduate students' logical thinking ability,in order to benefit the current graduate students in this major.

Estrategias de solución de problemas aplicadas por ajedrecistas de diferente nivel / Problem solving strategies in chess players of different levels

Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las diferentes estrategias de solución de problemas aplicadas por ajedrecistas de distinto nivel, y así desarrollar programas más integradores que permitan perfeccionar el entrenamiento de ajedrecistas de todas las edades. Por esto, lo estudiado en la presente investigación sirve como guía para la captación de jóvenes talentos que deseen integrar las escuelas deportivas que posee el país; y desde el punto de vista psicológico, lo más relevante es la manera en que los ajedrecistas dan soluciones a problemas que se les presentan en la vida cotidiana a partir del aprendizaje que reciben en el juego de ajedrez. Se tuvo como objetivo identificar las estrategias de solución de problemas en ajedrecistas de diferentes niveles, del cual se derivan los objetivos específicos de: determinar las estrategias que utilizan los ajedrecistas de la muestra en tareas de pensamiento lógico, definir las estrategias que utilizan los ajedrecistas de la muestra en la solución de partidas de ajedrez y el determinar si los ajedrecistas con mayor experiencia practicando este deporte utilizan estrategias de solución de problemas más eficaces; de estos objetivos específicos se extrajeron las variables: resolución de problemas, pensamiento, pensamiento lógico, estrategia, y eficacia, las cuales fueron medidas con el test de ajedrez propuesto por Przewoznik y Soszynski (2004) y por el test de pensamiento lógico de Tobin y Capie (1981) La muestra estuvo conformada por siete sujetos y los resultados de ambos test fueron procesadas con el programa Microsoft Excel. Se logró constatar en los resultados que en el test de ajedrez también se aplican los cinco esquemas propuestos en el test de pensamiento lógico (proporcionalidad, control de variables, probabilidad, correlación y operaciones combinatorias), y aquellos jugadores de más experiencia fueron más eficaces en la solución de las posiciones de ajedrez, mientras que en el test de Tobin y Capie los resultados manifestaron una gran paridad en cuanto a las estrategias realizadas.

Abstract We studied the different problem solving strategies applied by chess players of different levels, with the goal of creating more intregrative programmes that are better at perfecting the training of chess players of all ages. Hence, this research might guide the selection of young talented players in sports schools in our country, and from the psychological point of view, the most relevant issue is how chess players solve problems in daily life using what they have learned through chess. The main goal was to identify problem solving strategies in chess players of different levels, and the specific goals were to determine the strategies used by chess players in logical thinking tasks, to define the strategies used by the sample in the solution of chess games, and to determine whether more experienced players use better strategies. The variables were: problem solving, logical thinking, thinking, strategy, and efficacy, measured with the Chess Test proposed by Przewoznik y Soszynski (2004) and the logical thinking test by Tobin & Capie (1981). The sample consisted of eight participants, and data were processed with Excel. We found that the five domains proposed in the logical thinking test (proportionality, variable control, probability, correlation, and combinatorial operations) are also present in the Chess Test, and that more experienced players had higher efficacy at solving chess positions. The Tobin and Capie test showed large similarities in terms of strategies.

A comparative study of conventional teaching program and logical thinking ability training program for ultrasonic medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To compare the effect of the conventional teaching programs and logical thinking ability training program of ultrasound medical profession. Methods 85 ultrasound medical junior students were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and experimental group (n=45) re-spectively. Experimental group was provided with logical thinking ability cultivation to develop logical thinking of students, and the key was to enable students to find the key problems of ultrasound in the diagnosis of the disease and put forward measures to solve them and control group carried on the con-ventional teaching. Teaching effect, the medical record analysis test scores, clinical skills examination and questionnaire score were compared between the two groups, using SPSS 18.0 software for statisti-cal analysis of the data. Results (1)Students in the experimental group thought that compared with the control group, their interest in learning improved, the ability of clinical analysis enhanced, inter-action between teachers and students and learning efficiency and self-study ability increased and the difference has statistical significance. (2)The experimental group's scores of medical records analysis, the assessment scores of clinical skills and the student questionnaire score were higher than those of the control group and the two groups' score difference was statistically significant. Conclusion To strengthen the training of medical ultrasound medical imaging direction students' logical thinking ability can significantly improve the quality of teaching, and it is worthy to be promoted and applied.

Key of TCM syndrome differentiation thinking:syndrome differentiation of xiang and symptom / 中华中医药杂志

The quality of thinking of TCM syndrome differentiation is the imagery thinking, which is dominanted by Concrete thinking and supplemented by logical thinking. Syndrome is a kind of cognition about condition of the whole life from the aspect of system function, i.e. xiang of life. Tongue demonstration, pulse tracings and so on, they are the epitome of the whole life condition and syndrome, not just the symptom. Every prescription has the only xiang, so does every Chinese traditional medicine. The thought process of determination of treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs and principle-method-recipe-medicines is the process of diagnosis xiang based on xiang, treating xiang based on xiang. In exopathic disease, there is disease at fi rst, then the symptoms, and then the corresponding xiang, and the syndrome differentiation can be carried. So, syndrome differentiation bases on disease and the main symptomes. In internal damage diseases, the xiang and syndromes appear before the disease and symptoms. Therefore the thought of TCM syndrome differentiation ought to adopt the imagery thinking, which is dominanted by Concrete thinking and supplemented by logic thinking, and differentiating syndrome based on xiang and symptoms.

An Assumption on Setting up the Course of "Logical Thinking Training" for Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

High-quality medical talents must possess high accomplishment of logical thinking,but the current logic thinking standard of medical students is far from the needs of modern medical development.Therefore,setting up of a "logical thinking training" course for medical students is necessary and significant for the innovation,diagnosis,nursing care and management of modern medicine.The theoretical and practical conditions for the new course are both mature with feasibility.