ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced rapidly in the field of medicine in recent five years. This paper summarizes the progress of the research and application of AI in plastic surgery in the era of big data and describes the differences from the previous scientific research. Next, it discusses the main problems existing and the ways to carry out AI research. Finally it proposes to unify the data standard through the deep integration of medical and engineering professionals, establish big data centers, and form strategic cooperative relationships with AI research enterprises to carry out long-term research. At the same time, it is crucial to formulate strategies and method for extensive scientific research collaboration. The paper calls for the clinical application of the AI research result to establish a virtuous circle. Applying artificial intelligence in the field of plastic surgery ultimately promotes the development of the discipline.
ABSTRACT
La asignatura Bases para el desarrollo del pensamiento abstracto y el razonamiento lógico, es de alto grado de complejidad para los profesionales de las Ciencias Médicas, por las características del contenido, lo cual se agrava por las dificultades en cuanto a los medios didácticos de los que se dispone para contribuir al trabajo independiente de los estudiantes. El trabajo independiente favorece la autonomía, refuerza la apropiación de los contenidos y el desarrollo del pensamiento, así como la independencia cognoscitiva. El objetivo que se propone en este trabajo es diseñar un curso dinámico e interactivo para el aprendizaje de los contenidos de la asignatura Bases para el desarrollo del pensamiento abstracto y el razonamiento lógico. Se partió del análisis del Programa de la maestría Informática en salud, el programa de la asignatura y los medios disponibles para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, en especial se tomaron como antecedentes los resultados del trabajo de diploma en opción a la Licenciatura en Educación en Matemática-Computación y tesis de Maestría de Informática en Salud de la autora de este articulo. También se estudiaron los beneficios de la plataforma Moodle y sus principales características con vistas a utilizarla como Sistema de gestión de contenidos educativos. Como resultado se obtuvo el curso dinámico e interactivo que se presenta, diseñado para dar cobertura a cada uno de los temas principales que se abordan en los contenidos. Plantea ejercicios problémicos con niveles de dificultad creciente y proporciona a los estudiantes retroalimentaciones que contribuyen al ejercicio orientado del trabajo independiente. Este curso constituye un medio integrador y de fácil acceso para los estudiantes, que beneficia el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y completa el sistema de medios de la asignatura para los estudiantes provenientes de las ciencias de la salud(AU)
Bases for the development of abstract thinking and logical reasoning¨, due to the characteristics of the content, is a subject with a high degree of complexity for the professionals of the Medical Sciences. This issue is aggravated due to the lack of didactic means to contribute to the independent work of students. Independent work favors autonomy, reinforces the appropriation of content and the development of thought, as well as cognitive independence. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to design a dynamic and interactive course for helping the learning of contents of the subject we mentioned in the previousl reasoning. The course design is based on the analysis of the Master's Program in Health Informatics, in with the subject is included, the program of the subject itself and the previous designed didactic means available for the teaching-learning process, in particular the background of the results of the diploma work in option to the Bachelor of Education in Mathematics -Computation and Thesis of Master in Information Technology in Health of the author of this article. We also studied the benefits of the Moodle platform and its main features in order to use it as an educational content management system. As a result we obtained a course with dynamic and interactive characteristics, designed to cover each of the main topics that are addressed in the contents. It presents to students exercises with increasing difficulty levels and provides feedback that contributes to the independent work-oriented exercise. This course is an integrating and easily accessible medium for students, which benefits the teaching-learning process and completes the course system for students coming from the health sciences(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Software Design , Artificial Intelligence/standards , Public Health Informatics/educationABSTRACT
O estudo buscou descrever o papel que os diferentes componentes da memória de trabalho e raciocínio lógico exercem na variação do desempenho em cálculo aritmético e leitura de alunos do 3º e 4º anos do Ensino Fundamental. O desempenho na aritmética foi medido através do teste de desempenho escolar TDE. A leitura oral foi avaliada com um instrumento contendo palavras regulares, irregulares e não palavras. Foram avaliados os três componentes da memória de trabalho. O raciocínio lógico foi medido com propostas de relação inversa entre adição e subtração, composição aditiva e correspondência um para muitos. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem uma correlação significativa entre as medidas de memória de trabalho, raciocínio lógico e leitura. A variação no desempenho leitor parece ser influenciada pelos componentes fonológico e executivo central da memória de trabalho, mas não pelo viso-espacial. Ao contrário do que era esperado, o estudo não mostrou correlação positiva entre o executivo central e a aritmética. Foi evidenciada uma correlação significativa entre o componente viso-espaciale o raciocínio lógico 1 (relação inversa entre adição e subtração). Fica evidente a necessidade de mais pesquisa já que a literatura indica resultados controversos e pouco conclusivos. Avanços nos estudos nesta área possibilitarão contribuições para o desenvolvimento da intervenção preventiva e corretiva das dificuldades de aprendizagem na aritmética e na leitura
The study described the role that the different components of working memory and logical reasoning play in the variation of performance in arithmetic and reading in students of 3rd and 4th year of elementary school. The arithmetic performance was measured by TDE. Oral reading was assessed with an instrument containing regular, irregular and non-words. The three components of working memory were assessed. Logical reasoning was measured with tasks involving inverse relationship between addition and subtraction, additive composition and correspondence one to many. The results suggest a significant correlation between measures of working memory, logical reasoning and reading. The variation in oral reading performance seems to be influenced by the phonological and central executive components of working memory, but not by the visual-spatial one. Contrary to whatwas expected, the study did not show a positive correlation between the central executive and arithmetic performance. A significant correlation was found between the visual-spatial component and the logical reasoning 1 task (inverse relation between addition and subtraction). It is evident the need for more research as the literature indicates controversial and inconclusive results. Advances in studies in this area will enable contributions to the development of preventive and corrective intervention in arithmetic and reading difficulties
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Mathematical Concepts , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
This study examines if the blocking effect paradigm predicts causal judgments when consequences of events vary in valence and magnitude. The procedure consists on presenting participants with reports describing the positive or negative effects produced by different substances, when these are consumed either separately or simultaneously with others. Two groups of participants were exposed to high and low magnitude consequences, respectively. The extent to which behavior with respect to causal judgments is consistent with the predictions of the blocking effect was evaluated in in both groups using two types of questions. One of them asked whether or not substance X produced the effect, while the other one asked about the probability of substance X producing the effect. Differences in causal judgments as a product of logical or intuitive reasoning were examined. Even though the blocking effect was not observed, a significant interaction was obtained between the factors valence and experimental condition (blocking and control). Findings are discussed in terms of the differences between associative learning in humans and in non-human animals, and in terms of the theoretical differences between evaluative conditioning and predictive or causal conditioning.
El propósito de este proyecto es examinar si el modelo de bloqueo predice la atribución de juicios causales al variar la valencia y la magnitud de las consecuencias. El arreglo experimental consiste en la presentación de reportes sobre los efectos positivos y negativos que producen diferentes sustancias al ser consumidas solas o en conjunto con otras. Los participantes del primer grupo estuvieron expuestos a consecuencias de alta magnitud y los del segundo grupo, a consecuencias de baja magnitud. Se evaluó si la atribución de causalidad es consistente con las predicciones del efecto bloqueo mediante dos tipos de pregunta: una pregunta acerca si la sustancia X produce o no el efecto, y una pregunta sobre la probabilidad de que X produzca el efecto. Se examinaron las diferencias en los juicios causales cuando las atribuciones son producto del razonamiento lógico o intuitivo. Si bien no se observó evidencia del efecto bloqueo, se obtuvieron efectos de interacción entre los factores valencia y condición experimental (sustancias bloqueo y control). Se discuten los hallazgos en términos de las diferencias entre el aprendizaje asociativo en humanos y animales no humanos, y en términos de las implicaciones sobre las diferencias teóricas entre el condicionamiento evaluativo y el condicionamiento predictivo.
ABSTRACT
El autor realiza un análisis lógico de la argumentación pericial explicando desde el punto de vista lógico, en que consisten los enunciados y las proposiciones periciales. Propone una clasificación para las últimas ajustadas al razonamiento lógico del experto médico forense y acuña el término de: "Lógica pericial"...
Subject(s)
Humans , Linguistics , Logic , Coroners and Medical Examiners , Vocabulary , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir as possíveis relações estabelecidas entre as dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita, o nível intelectual e maturacional de crianças de segunda série do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação na Aprendizagem da Escrita (ADAPE), bem como da prova de conservação de comprimento e do teste CAT-H. Os três testes foram aplicados em 60 crianças, de ambos os sexos, de duas escolas da rede pública de ensino. Os coeficientes de correlação por postos de Spearman sugerem que não houve correlações significantes entre os resultados relativos aos três testes e às idades dos sujeitos. Porém, pôde-se encontrar diferença significativa quando comparados os resultados do ADAPE com relação ao sexo feminino ou masculino, encontrando um melhor desempenho dos sujeitos do sexo feminino.
This paper aims to discuss the relationships established among the learning difficulties in writing and the intellectual and maturity level of the children attending at the second grade of primary school. The Escala de Avaliação na Aprendizagem da Escrita (ADAPE) as well as the length conservation task and the CAT-H were applied to 60 children, of both sexes, from two public schools. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients suggest that there were not any significant correlation among the data of the three tests and the subjects’ ages. It was possible, however, to find a significant difference when comparing the results of the ADAPE to the male and female sexes, the female subjects showing a better performance.