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This study investigated the propensity to pay for modern apparatus processing locust beans in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Utilizing primary data and a multistage sampling strategy, 240 processors were chosen for the study. The collected data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and an inferential statistical instrument, such as Logit and ordinary least square regression analysis. About 72 percent of processors were married and had an average of eight years of experience processing locust legumes. The majority of respondents belonged to a cooperative group (66.7%) and had no access to credit (100%). The average monthly income from processing was N18,000. The majority of respondents (65%) were unwilling to pay for the service of centralized, advanced or contemporary processing equipment. According to the results of the Logit regression analysis, the variables that significantly influence willingness to pay for the service of centralized modern locust bean processing equipment were household income and processing experience (1%), level of education and age (5%), and household size (10%). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis reveals that household size and education level were significant at the 1% level, while age and marital status were significant at the 5% level and processing experience was significant at the 1% level. The study suggests that processors ready to pay should form a formidable cooperative to secure grants or loans to establish a centralized, contemporary locust processing cottage. The government should educate processors on modern food processing and safety at all levels.
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Background: Maximising happiness of people is truly the proper measure of social and economic progress and the goal of any public policy. The socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect life satisfaction are so varied that many domains of life events influence happiness. Despite significant income growth and achievements in social indicators, India ranks poorly in the happiness rank. Such a disparity is attributed to the attitude of people towards positional and status concerns and the relative comparison of life evaluation. This paper attempts to identify the determinants of happiness and estimate their effect on life satisfaction among individuals in India. Specifically, this paper examines the relationship between income and life satisfaction in India in an attempt to understand whether money matters for happiness. Methodology: This study uses the sixth wave (2010-2014) of World Values Survey data across 12 Indian states. Since the response variable, life satisfaction or happiness, is measured in the WVS as an ordered category in the Likert scale, empirical estimation is based on the ordered probit method. The covariates considered as determinants of happiness in India are gender, social class, marital status, income, health status, employment status, education, number of children, age, and religion. Results: The estimated ordered probit results show that the probability of reporting happiness increases with education, health and social class whereas age, income, employment, children and gender have no statistical effect on happiness in India. Changes in the marginal effects are reported in the case of primary education, health, employment and middle social class. As income changes from high income to low income, people tend to become unhappier. Conclusion: Income, education, health and social status of people are positively associated with life satisfaction. Poor people and individuals in the middle social category are less happy.
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Background: Basic human concerns like money, income, health and family life do not satisfactorily explain fully the variations in subjective well-being. The long-run relationship between average income and subjective well-being is flat, despite the substantial rise in income and living standards. People value functional freedom and choice in social, political and institutional spheres of life than the concerns for money and economic well-being. This paper investigates whether anomic feelings like powerlessness, disillusion, dejection, subdued freedom and lack of trust and confidence could explain subjective well-being and the puzzling relationship between income and life satisfaction. Methodology: This study uses the sixth wave (2010-2014) World Values Survey data across 12 states. Anomic feelings are measured by the freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions. Since the subjective well-being indicators, life satisfaction and happiness are ordered categorical measures, the ordered logit regression method is used in the empirical estimation. Results: Anomic feelings of freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions influence life satisfaction significantly and positively. Conclusion: The attitude and confidence in institutions that govern freedom and choice and enable individuals to take own decision are important for a happy and satisfactory life in India.
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Background: Covid-19 pandemic forced people to get confined to social isolation and maintain social distancing which affected their mental health. The study aims at understanding the impact on the mental health status of people in Kerala, based on their demographic profile and the psychological issues faced during the Covid-19 lockdown. Methodology: The study included 700 respondents from various districts of Kerala telephonic and mailed questionnaires for the period of December 2020 - May 2021. Ordered logit model is used for the econometric analysis using R software. Results: The overall mental health status of an individual is affected by various reasons which are taken as various categories for the analysis. As a result of log odds estimated, Covid-19 patients are more disposed to mental health issues. Male respondents had a positive impact on mental health issues and unmarried people of all gender are disturbed with lockdown distress. Almost all occupational categories taken into account are more or less shaken with the pandemic except those with proper job security including Government and PSU workforces. Psychological, physical well-being is affected by the pandemic lockdown overall mental health system of people of Kerala. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic have affected the overall mental health of the people regardless of age and profession which can be more or less solved by the individuals themselves through yoga, meditation, exercise, reading books, gardening, cooking, virtual contacts with friends and family, getting enough sleep, etc. which helps tocan keep the mind relaxed and stable.
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Objetivo: O estudo analisa os determinantes de o indivíduo participar do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (PFPB). Métodos: Utilizou-se a base de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde em 2013, empregando o modelo Logit. Resultados: Observou-se que, conforme a idade do indivíduo aumenta, maior a probabilidade do uso de medicamentos pelo programa. Ademais, ter maior escolaridade, pertencer à classe de renda alta e possuir planos de saúde diminui essa probabilidade. Verificou-se, ainda, que a percepção de saúde de cada indivíduo não altera a probabilidade de uso do PFPB, mas o diagnóstico de doenças crônicas é importante fator explicativo para o uso de medicamentos. Conclusão: A utilização do programa está relacionada com fatores socioeconômicos e de morbidade, demonstrando a importância de políticas de assistência farmacêutica no processo saúde/doença, principalmente para indivíduos inseridos em baixas classes de renda e com doença crônica ou de longa duração. Os resultados permitem que os gestores públicos tenham uma maior compreensão do uso do programa pela população, possibilitando melhor direcionamento, ampliação e qualificação do acesso aos medicamentos
Objective: The study analyzes the determinants of the individual who participate in the Popular Pharmacy Program in Brazil (PFPB). Methods: It used a microdata base from the National Health Survey in 2013, using the Logit model. Results: Observe if the individual's age increases, the more likely the program is to use medication. In addition, greater schooling, belonging to the highincome class and using health plans decrease this probability. It was also found that the perception of health of each individual does not change the probability of using PFPB, but the diagnosis of chronic diseases is an important explanatory factor for the use of medicines. Conclusion: The use of the program is related to socioeconomic and morbidity factors, demonstrating the importance of pharmaceutical assistance policies in the health/disease process, especially for individuals in lowincome classes and with chronic or long-term illness. The results allow public managers to have a greater understanding the use of the program by the population, enabling better targeting, expansion and qualification of access to medicines
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Pharmaceutical Services , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Esta investigación tiene como principal propósito analizar la probabilidad de deserción temprana de los estudiantes de la Universidad de los Llanos mediante un modelo de regresión logística. Además, identificar cuáles son las variables de mayor incidencia en la deserción temprana. Para la construcción del modelo se tomó como muestra la información de 574 estudiantes que ingresaron en la cohorte 2015-2 y que para el periodo 2018-1 eran registrados como vigentes o reportaban como último periodo matriculado cualquiera de los cuatro primeros semestres. Los resultados dan cuenta de que un buen puntaje en la prueba Saber 11, el ser mujer, no haber reprobado años durante el bachillerato, el haber cursado estudios antes y si los padres conviven, disminuye la probabilidad de deserción; así mismo, el haber egresado de un colegio privado aumenta esta probabilidad. De todas las facultades en las que se puede matricular el estudiante, las que mayor riesgo tienen de deserción temprana son la de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería y la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud.
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the early dropout probability in the University of Los Llanos students using a logistic regression model and to identify which are the variables with a higher incidence value. To build the model, data were taken from 574 students who had been admitted in the 2015 second semester and were registered as active or whose last semester was one of the last four. As result, the dropout factor decreases if the student had a high score in Saber 11 test, is a woman, had not to fail any school year, had taken some courses before and his parents are alive and increase if the student comes from a private school. The faculties with the high dropout index are Basic Sciences and Engineering, and Health Sciences.
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BACKGROUND: This study analyzes the effects of the individual's health behavior on the health and the medical demand for the management of health and medical expenses. METHODS: This study uses the Korea Health Panel Survey data from 2010 to 2015. We utilize the panel ordered logit model and the panel Tobit model with the subjective health status and the medical expenses as the dependent variables. RESULTS: Chronic diseases would cause the deterioration of his or her health and the increase in medical expenses. Smoking and drinking alcohol would deteriorate one's health. The total amount of cigarettes increases medical expenses. Exercises could make people healthier, whereas excessive exercise might increase medical expenses. Private health insurance would increase medical expenses. CONCLUSION: Since health could reduce the medical expenses, people should promote one's health by changing one's behavior for health.
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Chronic Disease , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Drinking , Exercise , Health Behavior , Insurance, Health , Korea , Logistic Models , Smoke , Smoking , Tobacco ProductsABSTRACT
Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os possíveis fatores de risco para os Problemas Crônicos de Co-luna (PCC), como também os fatores que podem se comportar como protetores para o desenvolvimento desse problema, em adultos com 18 anos ou mais de idade. Material e Métodos: A base de dados utilizada foi da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013, disponibilizada pelo IBGE em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Aproximadamente 27 mil indivíduos se enquadraram neste estudo, dos quais aproximadamente 16% relataram ter PCC. Destes, 46% não realizavam tratamento algum e 62% relataram que esses problemas geravam algum tipo de limitação. Os resultados encontrados foram relevantes, em virtude da confirmação de evidências importantes contidas na literatura, ou seja, identificaram-se fatores de risco e de proteção no desenvolvimento do PCC, como o de que mulheres apresentam maiores chances de desenvolverem PCC. Quando analisado a realização de exercício físico, este demonstrou ser um fator de proteção, diminuindo em 9% a chance de desenvol-ver problema na coluna. Conclusão: Em geral, o Logit dessa in-vestigação classificou 84,4% das observações, contudo, é certo que existem muitos fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento dos PCC e o conhecimento desses é de extrema importância, visto que medidas preventivas podem ser aplicadas. (AU)
Objective:The present study aimed to identify the possible risk factors for Chronic Spinal Problems (CSP), as well as factors that may behave as protectors for the development of this problem, in adults aged 18 years and over. Material and methods: The database that was used was from the National Health Survey of 2013, made available by IBGE in partner-ship with the Health Ministry. Results: Approximately 27,000 individuals were included in this study, of which approximately 16% reported having CSP. Of these, 46% did not undergo any treatment and 62% reported that these problems generated some type of limitation. The results were relevant because of the confirmation of important evidence in the literature, that is, risk and protective factors were identified in the development of CSP, such as the fact that women are more likely to develop CSP. When the physical exercise was analyzed, it was shown to be a protective factor, decreasing in 9% the chance of de-veloping a problem in the spine. Conclusion:In general, the Logit of this investigation classified 84.45% of the observations, however, it is certain that there are many factors involved in the development of CSPs and the knowledge of these is extremely important since preventive measures can be applied. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Spinal Diseases/epidemiology , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Spinal Diseases/therapy , Exercise , Logistic Models , Chronic Disease , Risk Factors , Low Back Pain/therapy , Protective FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of the article is to investigate the impacts of co-residence over spouce and/or children on self-perceived health among Brazilian elderly. The database used was the health supplement of the National Sample Survey of Households (PNAD) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2008. The sample consists of 36 551 people from all regions of the country such as urban areas and rurals. The results indicate that seniors with better socioeconomic status, who don't have physical mobility problems are more propenspos to a better self report among their health, regardless of the gender of the elderly. Regarding the impact of co-residence family health of respondents, living with daughters increases the probability that perception is better (specifically good or very good). Moreover,the results are consistent with the hypothesis that elderly brazilians realize better their health with home living with daughters and/or spouse.
Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos da corresidência de cônjuge e/ou filhos sobre a autopercepção de saúde dos idosos brasileiros. A base de dados utilizada foi o suplemento de saúde da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) no ano de 2008. A amostra é composta de 36.551 pessoas de todas as regiões do país de áreas urbanas e rurais. Os resultados indicam que os idosos com melhor status socioeconômico e sem problemas de mobilidade física são mais propenspos a um melhor autorreporte de sua saúde, independente do gênero. Quanto ao impacto da corresidência familiar na saúde dos pesquisados, a convivência com filhas aumenta a probabilidade que a percepção seja melhor (especificamente boa ou muito boa). Ademais, os resultados são compatíveis com a hipótese de que os idosos brasileiros percebem melhor sua saúde com a convivência domiciliar com filhas e/ou cônjuge.
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Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Concept , Family Characteristics , Health Status , Family Relations , Rural Population , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil , Health Surveys , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the operation needs of school meal support centers (SMSC) in Chungnam-do based on analysis of nutrition teachers' perception of them. METHODS: The Chungnam government established the first SMSC in 2012. Thirteen SMSCs are currently being operated in Chungnam-do. To analyze the results quantitatively, we investigated nutrition teachers opinions regarding the necessity for SMSCs as a dependent variable and derived the independent variables based on the causal relationships with dependent variables using the ordered logit model. Those independent variables included region, school type, number of students, attitude regarding free meal policy, satisfaction with school meal policy, and preference for local food. RESULTS: Briefly, teachers in the region in which the SMSC was located more strongly supported the SMSC. In addition, teachers in public schools with a smaller number of students believed that having a SMSC is more beneficial, and that other variables also affected the necessity for SMSCs. Moreover, nutrition teachers preferred local foods rather than organic foods because of the unstable supply of organic foods. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that the local government implement the policy consistently. Moreover, it was recommended that the government operate the SMSC more efficiently, enhance the roles of the SMSC as the local organization responsible for student nutritional planing and expand the coverage of agricultural products.
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Humans , Food, Organic , Local Government , Logistic Models , MealsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the operation needs of school meal support centers (SMSC) in Chungnam-do based on analysis of nutrition teachers' perception of them. METHODS: The Chungnam government established the first SMSC in 2012. Thirteen SMSCs are currently being operated in Chungnam-do. To analyze the results quantitatively, we investigated nutrition teachers opinions regarding the necessity for SMSCs as a dependent variable and derived the independent variables based on the causal relationships with dependent variables using the ordered logit model. Those independent variables included region, school type, number of students, attitude regarding free meal policy, satisfaction with school meal policy, and preference for local food. RESULTS: Briefly, teachers in the region in which the SMSC was located more strongly supported the SMSC. In addition, teachers in public schools with a smaller number of students believed that having a SMSC is more beneficial, and that other variables also affected the necessity for SMSCs. Moreover, nutrition teachers preferred local foods rather than organic foods because of the unstable supply of organic foods. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that the local government implement the policy consistently. Moreover, it was recommended that the government operate the SMSC more efficiently, enhance the roles of the SMSC as the local organization responsible for student nutritional planing and expand the coverage of agricultural products.
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Humans , Food, Organic , Local Government , Logistic Models , MealsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os fatores que determinam a escolha de um indivíduo por um emprego secundário e como tal decisão está relacionada com a informalidade. Para tanto, a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) contínua, é estimado um modelo logit de efeitos aleatórios para verificar os fatores que influenciam nesta decisão de inserção. Os resultados apontam que o rendimento do trabalho principal, a escolaridade e a informalidade no emprego principal influenciam positivamente na decisão dos trabalhadores em ingressar em um emprego secundário.
This study aims to analyze the factors that determine an individual's choice of having secondary employment and how this decision is related to informality. To that end, based on data from "Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) contínua", we estimate a random effects Logit model to verify factors influencing this decision of insertion. Results indicate that the main work income, schooling and informality in the main employment have a positive influence on the worker's decision to seek secondary employment.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores que determinan la elección de un individuo de tener un empleo secundario y cómo esta decisión está relacionada con la informalidad. Para ello, a partir de los datos de la Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) contínua, se estima un modelo logit de efectos aleatorios para verificar los factores que influyen en esta decisión de inserción laboral. Los resultados apuntan a que el rendimiento del trabajo principal, la escolaridad y la informalidad en el empleo principal influyen positivamente en la decisión de los trabajadores de obtener en un empleo secundario.
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Humans , Occupational Groups , Work Hours , Career Choice , Economics , Job Market , Legislation, Labor , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Informal SectorABSTRACT
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se os arranjos familiares (monoparentais ou biparentais) afetam na escolha parental de qual rede de ensino (pública ou privada) matricular os filhos. Utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015, os resultados apontaram para dissemelhanças entre os arranjos familiares, as quais podem ser explicadas pelas diferenças nas preferências dos indivíduos, assim como na renda familiar. Verifica-se que existe maior probabilidade de as famílias investirem privadamente no ensino infantil. A evidência pode ser decorrente da oferta reduzida de creches públicas. Segundo a ordem de nascimento, para os arranjos familiares monoparental feminino e casal com filhos, as famílias preferem investir no filho mais velho, em detrimento dos demais filhos. Além disso, verificou-se que o filho do sexo masculino tem menores chances de estudar em uma rede privada caso esteja em um arranjo monoparental feminino. Esse resultado pode mostrar uma preferência da mãe em incentivar o estudo da filha em uma tentativa de empoderá-la.
This study aims to analyze whether family arrangements (single-parent or two-parent) influence the choice of school system (public or private) for children. For this analysis, data from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) were used. Results point to dissimilarities among family arrangements which can be explained by differences in individual preferences as well as in family income. We found that families are more likely to invest privately in early childhood education. The evidence may be due to the small number of public day care centers. According to the order of birth, families can invest in their eldest child to the detriment of their other children, in the case of female single-parent and two-parent family arrangements. In addition, we found that male children were less likely to study in a private school in female single-parent arrangement. This result may show mothers' wishes to encourage daughters to study in an attempt to empower them.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los arreglos familiares (monoparentales o biparentales) afectan la elección parental del tipo de institución (pública o privada) en la cual serán matriculados los hijos. Para este analísis fueron utilizados los datos tomados de la Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015. Los resultados apuntan a que las diferencias en la conformación de las familias pueden ser explicadas por las preferencias de los individuos así como por su enta familiar. Se observa que existe mayor probabilidad de que las familias inviertan en educación privada durante la educación infantil. No obstante, esto puede deberse a la falta de oferta de este servicio en la red de instituciones públicas. Asimismo, de acuerdo al orden de los hijos, se prefiere invertir en el hijo mayor en detrimento de los demás hijos, especialmente los arreglos familiares monoparentales femeninos o biparentales en matrimonio. A su vez, se encontró que el hijo de sexo masculino tiene menos oportunidades de estudiar en una institución privada en una familia con arreglo monoparental femenino. Este resultado puede evidenciar la preferencia de la madre a incentivar el estudio en la hija mujer, en una tentativa de buscar su empoderamiento.
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Humans , Family , Child Day Care Centers , Public Sector , Private Sector , Family Relations , Public Policy , Brazil , Child Rearing/trends , Demography/trends , Family Characteristics , Education/economicsABSTRACT
Objective To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014–2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further, a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal (36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications (MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses, aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures, alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.
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OBJECTIVE@#To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail.@*METHODS@#An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further, a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains.@*RESULTS@#The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal (36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications (MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses, aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures, alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.
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Currently, aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone are three anti-psychiatry agents commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although the efficacy of these drugs is good, schizophrenia cannot be completely cured yet. Patients need long-term medication. The family members of patients may play a key role to understand the disease status of patients after patient discharge from hospital. PANSS is a commonly used scale in the clinic to evaluate the disease status and drug effects of anti-psychiatry agents. It was professionally written, and is not user friendly to amateurs. In the previous study, we developed a questionnaire for patient's family members to monitor the disease status. In this study, we explored the correlations between the results of questionnaire and 5 kinds of disease state corresponding to different PANSS score interval using the cumulative odds Logit model. The final results show that the model had relatively good prediction ability for aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone, suggesting that the questionnaire has an extensive prospect of clinical applications.
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ResumoA presente pesquisa se propõe a estudar as inter-relações entre a prevenção do câncer de mama e os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, comportamentais, regionais e de saúde na determinação da frequência temporal à busca por prevenção via realização de mamografias e exames de mama no Brasil. A partir das informações do suplemento de saúde da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, de 2008, foi construída uma amostra que contempla apenas mulheres com mais de 40 anos de idade. Para o atendimento do objetivo proposto, faz-se uso da estimação do modelo logit, ordenado de chances proporcionais parciais, que indicaram como principais resultados: i) melhores condições socioeconômicas, residir nas regiões mais desenvolvidas do país, uma composição familiar que inclua filhos, apresentar uma boa autoavaliação da própria saúde e já ter sido diagnosticada com algum tipo de câncer, desenham o perfil da mulher que mais se previne contra o câncer de mama, tanto em relação à procura por mamografia, como a uma maior demanda por exame de mama realizado por médico ou enfermeiro e; ii) os resultados apontam ainda para o fato de que grande parte das entrevistadas realizaram os exames em questão há pelo menos um ano, ou nunca passaram por tais procedimentos.
AbstractThis research sets out to study the interrelationship between breast cancer prevention and the socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral, regional and health factors in determining the temporal frequency of tests for prevention by performing mammograms and breast exams in Brazil. Based on the information of the health supplement of the National Sampling Survey of Domiciles of 2008, a sample that includes only women over age 40 was created. To achieve the desired goal, the estimate of the ordered logit model is used to establish partial proportional odds, which revealed the main results as follows. Women with a good socioeconomic status, living in the more developed regions of the country, family structure including children, making a good self-assessment of health and having been diagnosed with some type of cancer in the past. This is the profile of women who are best at preventing breast cancer, both in relation to the demand for mammograms and to a greater demand for breast exam performed by a doctor or a nurse. The results also point to the fact that the majority of those interviewed had either had the tests in question within the previous year, or had never been exposed to such procedures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Calcium, Dietary/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Food Handling/methods , Hot Temperature , Phosphorus, Dietary/analysis , Renal Dialysis , Food Analysis , Hospitals , Meat/analysis , Nutritional Requirements , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the factors influencing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and to establish a logit model for predicting baPWV. Methods The data of 4 159 cases who underwent health examination from 2010 to 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters included gender, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase and cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and uric acid. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of baPWV, and a regression model was established to predict baPWV and it was evaluated. Results Univariate analysis showed that, except for HDL, all the other parameters above were significantly different between normal baPWV group and abnormal baPWV group (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis yielded the following logit model: logit (p)=-17.888+0.001×uric acid 0.004×alanine aminotransferase 0.105×fasting glucose 0.023×pulse 0.032×diastolic blood pressure 0.061×systolic blood pressure 0.092×age 0.411×sex, which showed a correct predicting rate of 79.6% for baPWV in health examination population, with the ROC area being 0.869 (95%CI:0.859-0.879). Conclusion The baPWV values can be influenced by gender, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase and uric acid levels, and logit model may serve as a satisfactory model for these types of study.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Korean government has expanded the coverage of the national insurance scheme for four major diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and rare diseases. This policy may have a detrimental effect on the budget of the national health insurance agency. Like taxes, national insurance premiums are levied on the basis of the income or wealth of the insured. METHODS: Using a preference elicitation method, we attempted to estimate how much people are willing to pay for insurance premiums that would expand their coverage for liver cancer treatment. RESULTS: We calculated the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) through the marginal rate of substitution between the two attributes of the insurance premium and the total annual treatment cost by adopting conditional logit and mixed logit models. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of various other terms that could interact with socioeconomic status were also estimated, such as gender, income level, educational attainment, age, employment status, and marital status. The estimated MWTP values of the monthly insurance premium for liver cancer treatment range from 4,130 KRW to 9,090 KRW.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Employment , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Logistic Models , Patient Preference , Republic of Korea , Sex Factors , Social Class , Survival RateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance has been becoming serious challenge to human beings. Overuse of antibiotics, especially, for infants is concerned, but studies are very few for the prescribing pattern of antibiotic use for infants. This study analyzes prescribing patterns of antibiotics in outpatients of preschool children with acute respiratory tract infections in South Korea. METHODS: Data are used from 2011 Health Insurance Review & Assessment Services-pediatric patients sample. Inclusion criteria is outpatient children (0 to 5 years) with top five frequent diseases. Prescription rates are analyzed by types of disease, provider, specialty, region, and ages. Binary or multinomial logit models are used to analyze determinants of providers' prescription pattern. RESULTS: The main findings are as follows. First, distributions of prescription rates are shown as L-shape or M-shape depending on the types of disease. Second, the prescription variation is so large among providers, where providers are polarized as a group with low prescription rates and the other group with high prescription rates, though the shapes are shown diversified across types of disease. Third, prescription rates appear to be lower in pediatrics and higher in ENT (ear-nose-throat). Fourth, broad spectrum antibiotics are widely used among children. Finally, the logit analysis shows similar results with descriptive statistics, but partly different results across types of disease. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics for respiratory tract infections of infants are used excessively with a large variation among providers, and especially broad spectrum antibiotics are used. The prescription guideline for antibiotics should be provided for each specific disease to reduce antibiotic resistance in the future.