ABSTRACT
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used over 20 years for management of symptoms due to acid related diseases such as peptic ulcer and reflux esophagitis. Serious adverse events are extremely rare for short-term PPIs use. Recently, as long-term PPIs use increase, diverse reports have been reported on adverse event related with long-term PPIs use. Long-term PPIs use is generally referred as use of PPIs more than 1 year. Secondary hypergastrinemia after long-term PPIs use is associated with development of fundic gland polyps (FGP) and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cell (ECL) that might be concerned with gastric carcinoid tumor. Furthermore, several studies have posed the relationship between the risk of gastric cancer and long-term PPIs use with co-existing H. pylori infection. The present review summarize the recent accumulated evidence on neoplasm associated with secondary hypergastrinemia after long-term PPIs use.