ABSTRACT
An 81-year-old woman, long-term non-progressor HIV infected, asymptomatic, not using ART, with a seven-year clinical follow-up in a reference unit, TCD4+ cell count values ranged from 719 to 1151 cells/µl, TCD8+ from 579 to 897 cells/µl and a viral load with higher value of 51 viral copies/ml but with undetectable results in most of the tests performed. The report of the long-term non-progressor HIV carrier aged over 80 years is somewhat unusual, considering the physiological/immunological changes that occur with the aging process concomitantly with HIV infection.
Mulher de 81 anos, infectada pelo HIV há muito tempo, não progressor, assintomática, sem uso de TARV, com acompanhamento clínico de sete anos em unidade de referência, os valores de contagem de células TCD4+ variaram de 719 a 1151 células/ µl, TCD8+ de 579 a 897 células/µl e uma carga viral com maior valor de 51 cópias virais/ml, mas com resultados indetectáveis na maioria dos testes realizados. O relato do portador de HIV de longa data não progressor com idade superior a 80 anos é um tanto incomum, considerando as alterações fisiológicas/imunológicas que ocorrem com o processo de envelhecimento concomitante à infecção pelo HIV.
Mujer de 81 años, infectada por VIH no progresor de larga evolución, asintomática, no usuaria de TAR, con seguimiento clínico de siete años en una unidad de referencia, los valores de recuento de células TCD4+ oscilaron entre 719 y 1151 células/ µl, TCD8+ de 579 a 897 células/µl y una carga viral con mayor valor de 51 copias virales/ml pero con resultados indetectables en la mayoría de las pruebas realizadas. El reporte de portadores de VIH no progresores a largo plazo mayores de 80 años es algo inusual, considerando los cambios fisiológicos/inmunitarios que ocurren con el proceso de envejecimiento concomitante con la infección por VIH.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/physiology , HIV Non-Progressors , Aged/physiology , HIV Infections/immunology , Viral Load/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective To understand the disease progression and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism of HIV-infected persons without disease progress for long term,also known as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs),in Henan province.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 48 LTNPs with complete detection and follow-up information during 2011-2016 in Henan.Changes of CD4 +T cells counts (CD4) and viral load (VL) during follow-up period were discussed.Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) was used for the analyses of HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles between LTNPs and healthy controls.Results From 2011 to 2016,forty-eight LTNPs showed a decrease of the quartile (P25-P75) of CD4 from 601.00 (488.50-708.72)/μl to 494.00 (367.00-672.00)/μl,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).The increase of the quartile (P25-P75) of log10VL from 3.40 (2.87-3.97) to 3.48 (2.60-4.37),but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).HLA polymorphism analysis revealed that HLA-B*13:02 and HLA-B*40:06 were more common in LTNPs (P＜0.05),while HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 were more common in healthy controls (P＜0.05).Conclusions The CD4 of LTNPs in Henan showed a downward trend year by year.HLA-B*13:02 and B*40:06 might be associated with delayed disease progression for HIV infected persons in Henan.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)],and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China.Results By the end of 2016,there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi,accounting for 2.3 ％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,5.4％ of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving,and 26.6％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy.Among the LTNPs,87.2％(273) were men,94.9％ (297) were aged ≤ 40 years,32.3％ (101) were farmers,55.6％ (174) were single,divorced or widowed,69.3％ (217) were of Han ethnic group,68.1％ (213) were injecting drug users,and 52.1％ (163) were from custody facilities.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age ＞40 years,aOR=1.55,95％ CI:1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission,aOR=1.23,95％ CI:1.10-1.74).Conclusions A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi.Further research are needed to identify the related factors,and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology,genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the disease progression and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism of HIV-infected persons without disease progress for long term,also known as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs),in Henan province.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 48 LTNPs with complete detection and follow-up information during 2011-2016 in Henan.Changes of CD4 +T cells counts (CD4) and viral load (VL) during follow-up period were discussed.Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) was used for the analyses of HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles between LTNPs and healthy controls.Results From 2011 to 2016,forty-eight LTNPs showed a decrease of the quartile (P25-P75) of CD4 from 601.00 (488.50-708.72)/μl to 494.00 (367.00-672.00)/μl,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).The increase of the quartile (P25-P75) of log10VL from 3.40 (2.87-3.97) to 3.48 (2.60-4.37),but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).HLA polymorphism analysis revealed that HLA-B*13:02 and HLA-B*40:06 were more common in LTNPs (P＜0.05),while HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 were more common in healthy controls (P＜0.05).Conclusions The CD4 of LTNPs in Henan showed a downward trend year by year.HLA-B*13:02 and B*40:06 might be associated with delayed disease progression for HIV infected persons in Henan.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)],and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China.Results By the end of 2016,there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi,accounting for 2.3 ％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,5.4％ of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving,and 26.6％ of those being reported for more than 10 years,surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy.Among the LTNPs,87.2％(273) were men,94.9％ (297) were aged ≤ 40 years,32.3％ (101) were farmers,55.6％ (174) were single,divorced or widowed,69.3％ (217) were of Han ethnic group,68.1％ (213) were injecting drug users,and 52.1％ (163) were from custody facilities.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age ＞40 years,aOR=1.55,95％ CI:1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission,aOR=1.23,95％ CI:1.10-1.74).Conclusions A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi.Further research are needed to identify the related factors,and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology,genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Objective To predict the disease progression risks of healthy rhesus ( normal) and rhesus infected with simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV) in the stages of long-term nonprogressor ( LTNP) , normal progressor ( NP) , rapid progressor ( RP) by discriminant analysis. Methods Five-year observation was carried out in SIV infected rhesus model without any intervention. The SIV infected rhesus model at the stages of LTNP, NP, RP were selected, 10 in each group, and T lymphocyte subsets and serum parameters for spleen-deficiency syndrome and kidney-deficiency syndrome in SIV infected rhesus were compared with 5 healthy monkey having the same survival time. The influence factors of different types of disease progression were screened from T cell subsets and Chinese medical syndrome indexes, and then the discriminant equation was established to predict the risks. Results White blood cell ( WBC) count and lymphocyte ( LYM) ratio were enrolled into the discriminant equation before infection, and T4 level and Log10RNA of set point were enrolled into the discriminant equation in the platform period. The test results for the uniform rate of the established discriminant function showed that the total coincidence rate of theoretic distinguish to the actual data was 57.1% , 91.2%respectively before infection and in the platform period. Conclusion The pre-infection WBC count and LYM ratio can be used as a reference for the evaluation of different types of disease progresson, and Log10RNA and T4 level at platform phase can be used as the predicting factors of different types of disease progression risk prediction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the association of CD4+CD8+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with the HIV long term non-progressors(LTNP) in China. Methods Seventy-four HIV-1 infected patients (LTNP group, HIV group and AIDS group)and 16 normal controls were enrolled and the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were detected by flow cytometry. To study the correlation between CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and disease progression, the absolute CD4+ T cells, viral load, apoptosis and activation of T cells were also examined. Results The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in LTNP group was significantly lower than that in HIV and AIDS group (P<0.05). The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was inversely related to CD4+ T cells and closely related to viral load and CD38, CD95 expression on CD4, CD8+ T cells (P<0.05). Conclusion The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells of HIV infected LTNP is significantly lower than typical progressors, which indicates that alternation of regulatory T cells may play a protective role in LTNP.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Host genetic polymorphisms in the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 and CCR2b and SDF-1, ligand for co-receptor CXCR4, have been known to be associated with the resistance of HIV infection and/or the delayed disease progression in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: We examined the frequencies of SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles of 354 Koreans including 100 HIV-uninfected persons, 13 discordant spouses of HIV-infected persons, and 241 HIV-infected persons. The genotyping assays of SDF1 and CCR2b genes were carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles in Koreans were very high compared with Caucasians and blacks. Observed frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A allelic variants were 25.1% and 28.7%, respectively. The frequency of the CCR2b-64I allele in Koreans was 2~4 times higher than those of other ethnic groups with the exception of Asian. The frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1- 3'A genotypes did not show the significant difference between HIV-infected and uninfected Koreans. However, the prevalence of CCR2b-64I genotype of the LTNP group was about two times higher than that of the remainder group (P < 0.05). Four (45%) out of 9 LTNPs (long-term nonprogressors) showed having the SDF1-3'A allele and 7 (78%) out of 9 LTNPs carried the CCR2b-64I allele. 3 (33%) out of 9 LTNPs had both SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles. But none of 5 RPs (rapid progressors) appeared to have both SDF1-3'A and CCR2b-64I alleles. CONCLUSION: The different genetic backgrounds in study populations may affect the disease progression and the AIDS epidemic in each country. Further studies need to define whether high frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A allelic variants may affect the HIV disease progression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Black People , Alleles , Asian People , Chemokine CXCL12 , Disease Progression , Ethnicity , Genotype , HIV Infections , HIV , HIV-1 , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prevalence , SpousesABSTRACT
To characterize the molecular nature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, we determined the full-length HIV-1 sequences from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a Korean long-term nonprogressor (LTNP). Without antiretroviral therapy, the individual has maintained CD4+ T counts over 500/microliter from 1989 to 1999. Plasma viral RNA copy was 992 U/ml in 1998. Culture supernatant showed positive from culture days 9.4 series of 9 overlapping PCR products were amplified from cultured PBMC and cloned. About 9.2 kb from R of 5' LTR to R of 3' LTR was determined by automated sequencing. The G-to-A hypermutations were shown throughout the entire region. As a result of G to A hypermutations, premature stop codon was found in integrase coding region. Though there was no recombination between subtypes over all genomes, TATA box in both LTRs was TAAAA which is detected in subtype E instead of TATAA in subtype B. And, there were nucleotide GC insertion between NF- kappaB I and Spl III, and duplication of TCF-lalpha in LTR. We could not find any deletion of amino acid in Nef, Gog, Pol and Euv gene. This study is the first report on molecular nature of full genomes of HIV-1 isolated in Korea.
Subject(s)
Clinical Coding , Clone Cells , Codon, Nonsense , Genome , HIV , HIV-1 , Integrases , Korea , Plasma , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recombination, Genetic , RNA, Viral , TATA BoxABSTRACT
To characterize the molecular nature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, we determined the full-length HIV-1 sequences from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a Korean long-term nonprogressor (LTNP). Without antiretroviral therapy, the individual has maintained CD4+ T counts over 500/microliter from 1989 to 1999. Plasma viral RNA copy was 992 U/ml in 1998. Culture supernatant showed positive from culture days 9.4 series of 9 overlapping PCR products were amplified from cultured PBMC and cloned. About 9.2 kb from R of 5' LTR to R of 3' LTR was determined by automated sequencing. The G-to-A hypermutations were shown throughout the entire region. As a result of G to A hypermutations, premature stop codon was found in integrase coding region. Though there was no recombination between subtypes over all genomes, TATA box in both LTRs was TAAAA which is detected in subtype E instead of TATAA in subtype B. And, there were nucleotide GC insertion between NF- kappaB I and Spl III, and duplication of TCF-lalpha in LTR. We could not find any deletion of amino acid in Nef, Gog, Pol and Euv gene. This study is the first report on molecular nature of full genomes of HIV-1 isolated in Korea.
Subject(s)
Clinical Coding , Clone Cells , Codon, Nonsense , Genome , HIV , HIV-1 , Integrases , Korea , Plasma , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recombination, Genetic , RNA, Viral , TATA BoxABSTRACT
The CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells have known to mediate major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolysis and to secret an HIV-1 inhibitory factor. As HIV infection lead to dramatic changes within the cellular immune system, the cellular cytotoxicities decrease in the duration of the HIV infection. To determine the importance of the cellular cytotoxicities in long-term nonprogression, we tried to compare CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells as one of methods for cellular cytotoxicity measurements between long-term nonprogressor and normal person or between long-term nonprogressor and rapid progressor. The median percentages and counts of CD4(+) T cells of the norrnal, the long-term nonprogressor, and the rapid progressor groups were 39.9 and 0.96 * 10(9) cells/L, 24.6 and 0.58 * 10(9) cells/L, 9.9 and 0.15 * 10 cells/L, respectively. As a result of comparison of the cells having CD28 surface molecules on CD8(+) T cells in the long-term nonprogressor and the rapid progressor group, they showed over 5 times lower than that in the normal group. Especially, the long-term nonprogressor regarded to the healthy HIV-infected patient showed much lower CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells than those of the normal person. The proportions of CD4'CD28 T and CD3CD28 T cell subsets showed the significant difference between the LTNP and the RP group. In conclusion, although HIV-infected patients were LTNPs having the steady CD4(+) T cell counts and no clinical symptoms, we suggested that HIV led to abnormality within the lymphocyte subsets such as the altered expression of CD28 molecules on various T cell subsets and this result would cause deficiency of host immune function and failure of control of HIV replication by anergy in T cell subsets.