ABSTRACT
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and its catalytic activity is important for the synthesis of plant anthocyanin. In this study, specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of ANR genes from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak. were cloned. The results showed that the CDS sequences of LjANR and rLjANR were 1 002 bp, the gDNA sequences were 2 017 and 2 026 bp respectively, and the promoter sequences were 1 170 and 1 164 bp respectively. LjANR and rLjANR both contain 6 exons and 5 introns, which have the same length of exons and large differences in introns. The promoter sequences both contain a large number of light response, hormone response and abiotic stress response elements. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both LjANR and rLjANR encoded 333 amino acids and were predicted to be stable hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane segments and signal peptides. The secondary structures of LjANR and rLjANR were predicted to be mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LjANR and rLjANR had high homology with Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, and were closely related to them. The expression levels of LjANR and rLjANR were the highest in flower buds and the lowest in roots. The expression patterns at different flowering stages were similar, with higher expression levels in S1 and S2 stages and then gradually decreased until reaching the lowest level in S4 stage, after a slow increase in S5 stage, the expression levels decreased again. The expression levels of ANR genes in the two varieties showed significant differences in roots, S2 and S5 stages, while the differences in stems, flower buds, S1, S3 and S6 stages were extremely significant. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LjANR was constructed for protein expression. The target protein was successfully expressed of about 59 kD. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANR gene and provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To screen inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein-ACE2 interaction by molecular docking. Methods: Candidate natural products were collected from Selleck China natural product library (Catalog No. L1400, 2 054 natural products). The structure of SARS-CoV-2 S protein-ACE2 had been determined by Qiang Zhou team (PDB: 6M17). The molecular docking was performed by Discovery Studio. Results: Based on the virtual amino acid mutation experiment which determined the key amino acids, the binding cavity was created. Then, 11 compounds were screened out from the natural compound library: digitonin, Lonicera grisea saponin A, forsythiaside B, L. grisea saponin B, Dipsacus asperges saponin B, hederacoside D, platycodon D, echinacoside, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside Rc, and chlorogenic acid C. Conclusion: The 11 potential inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein-ACE2 interaction were screened out from natural products library, which provides a reference for the research of new anti SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
ABSTRACT
The four natures are the basic properties of Chinese materia medica (CMM). At present, it is one of the research hotspots to reveal the scientific connotation of CMM property theory. Clarifying the formation process and influencing factors of the medicinal properties of each single herb in a long historical period is the basic condition for the induction and summary of common characteristics of TCM property theory. Through the textual research of ancient books and documents, combined with the research results of modern Chinese medicine science, this paper combs the influence factors in the formation of the medicinal properties of Lonicera japonica, and reveals its scientific connotation. That is to say, the formation of the medicinal properties of each single herb of TCM is the result of its efficacy material base, the efficacy reflected in the process of clinical treatment and the tendency of clinical medication in previous dynasties. Based on the above research, the cause hypothesis of single herb property is put forward for the first time. The hypothesis provides a reference for the theoretical study of medicine property of TCM.
ABSTRACT
To study the kinetic characteristics of moisture adsorption-desorption characteristics of honeysuckle spray powder by dynamic vapour sorption method. Methods: The moisture adsorption and desorption data of honeysuckle spray powder were determined by dynamic vapour sorption instrument under the conditions of temperature of 20, 30, and 40 ℃ and relative humidity of 0-85%. Based on the six kinds of moisture absorption models commonly used, the experimental data were fitted and evaluated. Results: The higher the temperature, the shorter the time required to reach the moisture balance. When the relative humidity was 65%-85%, the quality of honeysuckle powder was obviously changed. The greater the relative humidity, the greater the quality change when the equilibrium was reached. Peleg model was the best mathematical model to describe the moisture adsorption-desorption characteristics of honeysuckle spray powder. Conclusion: The dynamic vapour sorption method can shorten the test time and reduce the human error. It is suitable for the study of moisture absorption characteristics of honeysuckle spray powder.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To examine the acanthamoebicidal effects of ethyl acetate, aqueous and butanol fractions of dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) Thunb. (Flos Lonicerae) in vitro.@*METHODS@#Acanthamoeba triangularis isolates were obtained from environmental water samples and identified by PCR. They were exposed to ethyl acetate, water and butanol fractions of L. japonica Thunb. at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL. The extracts were evaluated for growth inhibition at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was examined for inhibition of encystment.@*RESULTS@#Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL evoked a significant reduction of trophozoite viability by 48.9% after 24 h, 49.2% after 48 h and 33.7% after 72 h chlorogenic acid, the major active constituent of L. japonica Thunb. at the concentration of 1 mg/mL reduced the cysts/trophozoite ratio by 100% after 24 h, 84.0% after 48 h and 72.3% after 72 h. This phenolic compound at concentration of 1 mg/mL concurrent with 0.6% hydrogen peroxide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced encystment by 92.8% at 72 h.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Results obtained from this study show that ethyl acetate fraction at 1.5 mg/mL is the most potent fraction of L. japonica Thunb. and its major constituent chlorogenic acid showed the remarkable inhibition of encystment at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the acanthamoebicidal effects of ethyl acetate, aqueous and butanol fractions of dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) Thunb. (Flos Lonicerae) in vitro. Methods Acanthamoeba triangularis isolates were obtained from environmental water samples and identified by PCR. They were exposed to ethyl acetate, water and butanol fractions of L. japonica Thunb. at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL. The extracts were evaluated for growth inhibition at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was examined for inhibition of encystment. Results Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL evoked a significant reduction of trophozoite viability by 48.9% after 24 h, 49.2% after 48 h and 33.7% after 72 h chlorogenic acid, the major active constituent of L. japonica Thunb. at the concentration of 1 mg/mL reduced the cysts/trophozoite ratio by 100% after 24 h, 84.0% after 48 h and 72.3% after 72 h. This phenolic compound at concentration of 1 mg/mL concurrent with 0.6% hydrogen peroxide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced encystment by 92.8% at 72 h. Conclusions Results obtained from this study show that ethyl acetate fraction at 1.5 mg/mL is the most potent fraction of L. japonica Thunb. and its major constituent chlorogenic acid showed the remarkable inhibition of encystment at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to establish and optimize a new method for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from Lonicera japonica Thunb. through orthogonal experimental designl. A new ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) technology was applied to extract chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from L. japonica. The influential factors, including solvent type, ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, time, and temperature, and the solid/liquid ratio, have been studied to optimize the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the UPE were developed by quantitative analysis of the extraction products by HPLC-DAD in comparison with standard samples. In addition, the microstructures of the medicinal materials before and after extraction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated. The optimal conditions for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were as follows: ethanol concentration, 60%; extraction pressure, 400 MPa; extraction time, 2 min; extraction temperature, 30 °C; and the solid/liquid ratio, 1 : 50. Under these conditions, the yields of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were raised to 4.863% and 0.080%, respectively. Compared with other extraction methods, such as heat reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and Sohxlet extraction (SE), the UPE method showed several advantages, including higher extraction yield, shorter extraction time, lower energy consumption, and higher purity of the extracts. This study could help better utilize L. japonica flower buds as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Subject(s)
Analytic Sample Preparation Methods , Methods , Antioxidants , Chlorogenic Acid , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flowers , Chemistry , Glucosides , Lonicera , Chemistry , Luteolin , Plant Extracts , PressureABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of macroporous adsorptive resins on the decoloration technology ofLonicera japonica Thunb. polysaccharides(FLP).Methods The effects of 6 kinds of macroporous adsorptive resins i.e. HPD-400A, AB-8, HPD-750, HPD-100, D3520, D301T, S8 on the decolorization technology ofLonicera japonica Thunb. polysaccharides were compared with single factor test in terms of temperature, polysaccharide concentration, pH, adsorption flow, and eluant.Results The decolorization rate and polysaccharide retention rate of S8 were optimal. The best decoloration conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, polysaccharide concentration of 5 mg/ml, pH value of 6, flow rate of 1 ml/min, distilled water with pH=6 as eluant. The adsorption rate was 83.2%,and polysaccharide retention rate was 72.1%.Conclusion High decolorization ratio and the high retention rate ofLonicera japonica Thunb. could be obtained by means of decoloration with S8 macroporous adsorptive resins..
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of planting soil on active ingredients in different organs of Lonicera japonica Thunb.. Methods The contents of active ingredients in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from different origins, different varieties and different organs, such as chlorogenic acid, luteoloside, total flavonoids, total phenolic acid, and soil nutrient and inorganic elements, were detected. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 software. Results Lonicera japonica Thunb. from Pinyi area in Shandong Province had the highest content of active ingredients. In terms of content of active ingredients, PY-HBRD-1 was the most suitable variety in the Pingyi area. Analysis on the correlation between planting soil and active ingredients showed that the contents of K, Mn and other elements could be used as the index for quality control of Lonicera japonica Thunb.. Conclusion This study could provide guidance for selection of varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb. in different planting areas, and enrich the materials about researches on producing area of Lonicera japonica.
ABSTRACT
Our research has focused on the main design features and release performances of time-dependent colon-specific (TDCS) delivery tablets, which relies on the relative constancy that is observed in the small intestinal transit time of dosage forms. But inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）can affect the transit time, and usually results in watery stool. Compared to the TDCS and wax-matrix TDCS tablet, a promising time-dependent colon-specific delivery system was investigated. In our study, a suppository-base-matrix coated tablet was evaluated. Water soluble suppository-base helps the expansion of tablet, facilitates uniform film dissolution and achives high osmotic pressure. Combining the expansion of carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS-Na) and the moisture absorption of NaCl, the coated TDCS tablet obtained a burst and targeted drug delivery system. A very good correlation between in vitro drug release and in vivo outcome was observed. This TDCS coated tablet provides a promising strategy to control drug release to the desired lower gastrointestinal region.
Nossa pesquisa focou-se nas principais características de planejamento e de desempenho de liberação cólon-específica tempo-dependente (TDCS) de comprimidos, que leva em conta a constância relativa observada no tempo de trânsito intestinal das formas de dosagem. A doença inflamatória do intestino (IBD) pode afetar o tempo de trânsito e, geralmente, resulta em fezes aquosas. Comparando ao TDCS e a comprimidos TDCS com matriz-cerosa, investigou-se sistema promissor de liberação cólon-específica tempo-dependente. Em nosso estudo, avaliou-se comprimido revestido com matriz base de supositório. A base de supositório solúvel em água auxilia a expansão do comprimido, facilita a dissolução uniforme do filme e atinge alta pressão osmótica. Associando a expansão do carboximetil amido sódico (CMS-Na) à absorção de umidade do NaCl, o comprimido revestido TDCS originou sistema de liberação direcionado e de erupção. Observou-se correlação muito boa entre a liberação in vitro e a in vivo do fármaco. Este comprimido revestido TDCS representa estratégia promissora para o controle da liberação do fármaco na região gastrintestinal mais baixa.
Subject(s)
Suppositories/pharmacokinetics , Tablets , Tablets/classification , Colon , LoniceraABSTRACT
Lonicerae Flos known as "Jin Yin Hua" in Chinese, is commonly used in Chinese materia medica. Numerous compounds such as flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, organic acids, and volatile components have been reported from this plant. This paper reviews the researches on the chemical constituents of Lonicerae Flos in recent 20 years, and provides the references for further studies.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicera Flos with various methods, using Lonicera japonica to represent Lonicera Flos for searching the different characteristics and discussing their attribution. Methods: An identification method on the basis of biological character comparison, structure observation of the flower epidermal by using SEM, and difference comparison of the marked components (chlorogenic acid, galu teolin, macranthoidin B, dipsacoside B) was established. The attribution of the two herbs on the account of Chinese Pharmacopoeia was discussed according to the historic using status and the present market situation. Results: In L. japonica, plenty of glandular hairs with turbinate top in flower epidermis and large leafy bracts in the bottom of flower were observed. Macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B were not detected. But in L. macranthoides, there were few leafy bracts and glandular hairs, and macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B were detected. Conclusion: Leafy bracts in the bottom of flower, glandular hairs in flower epidermis, and two characteristic components (macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B) could be used as basis for the identification of L. japonica and L. macranthoides.
ABSTRACT
Codon is an important carrier of genetic information in organisms. In evolution, codon bias is formed in many organisms. In this study, the analysis of expressed genes in Lonicera japonica Thunb. is presented. The codon bias of genes with complete coding region is analyzed through CodonW. And we calculated the codon usage bias of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) genes. The results showed that L. japonica were bias toward the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon position.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish the fingerprint of Lonicera japonica superfine powder with different polarity and study its correlation of antibacterial activity. Methods: Six different polarity extracts were obtained using the solvent system extraction and then were detected by HPLC with gradient elution. Pharmacological activities were detected by antibiotic indexes in vitro. The correlation between the pharmacological indexes and the information of HPLC fingerprint was discovered by multiple linear regression analysis and compound groups related to pharmacological indexes were obtained. Results: Antibacterial effect fingerprint of L. japonica can be established by HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion: The method developed is practical and can be used for evaluating the quality control of L. japonica powder.
ABSTRACT
Studying effect of total flavonoid extracts from Lonicera japonica Thunb on some index of lipidemia. Rats were drunk cholesterol at a dose of 0.5g/kg/24hours for 6 consecutive weeks in order to cause hyperlipidemia. The result showed that: flavonoid extracted from Lonicera japonica Thunb at a dose of 0.45g/kg and 0.9g/kg decreased plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and increased HDL-C in white rats drunk cholesterol in vitro. The effects of flavonoid at the dose of 0.45g/kg and 0.90g/kg on some index of lipidemia were the same. There was no differences in increasing body weight of rats in all studied rat groups
Subject(s)
Flavonoids , Flowers , Lonicera , HyperlipidemiasABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the components of the volatile oil in different parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb.from Henan province.METHODS:The volatile oil was extracted from the buds,leaves,stems of L.japonica Thunb.by solid-phase micro-extraction,and the chemical compositions were identified by GC-MS combined with Kvotas retention index.The relative percentage of each constituent was determined by GC area normalization method.RESULTS:Thirty-nine compounds were identified from different parts of L.japonica Thunb.from Henan province,and seven of which were mutual in the buds,leaves,stems of L.japonica Thunb..CONCLUSION:This study serves as a scientific basis for the further development and utilization of L.japonica Thunb..
ABSTRACT
Researching in test mouse. Result: In vivo, Honeysuckle flower have a acute anti-inflammatory effect when used alone as well as its combination with alpha-CT. In vitro, honeysuckle flower have a stimulate effect of the activity alpha-CT. The successful combination of decoction and honeysuckle flower (flavonoid) with alpha-CT(in vitro and in vivo) took a little part in studying the anti-inflammatory mechanism of honeysuckle flower with alpha-CT. The synergic effect of above two active element induced which give satisfactory anti-inflammatory effect, which was equivalent to some of modern medicine of use to anti-inflammatory drug.
Subject(s)
Flowers , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , FlavonoidsABSTRACT
Objective To find out the bioactive constituents in the stem of Lonicera japonica and to carry out a systematic study on the chemical constituents of the plant. Methods Three compounds were isolated from the plant by means of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses. Results All these compounds were identified as luteolin (Ⅰ), loga-nin (Ⅱ), r-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-trans-2, cis-3-dihydroxymethyl-7, 8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthalene (Ⅲ), respectively. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ is a new compound named as japenol.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the technological parameters in the purification process of total organic acids from the immature flower of Lonicera japonica with macroporous resins. Methods Taking static saturated capacity of adsorption and static elution ratio as indexes, six types of macroporous adsorption resins were studied and compared to select the optimum macroporous resins. The technical process for purification of total organic acids from the immature flower of L. japonica with the optimum macroporous resin was screened by the yield and purity of total organic acids . Results The HPD100-type macroporous resin had the optimum adsorption and elution parameters. Conclusion The HPD100-type macroporous resin shows better comprehensive property and can be used to isolate and purify the total organic acids from the immature flower of L. japonica