ABSTRACT
Based on the long bud stage phenotype of a new Lonicera japonica Flos variety "Huajin 6", using "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" as materials, probing the mechanism of its phenotype formation. Detection of endogenous Jasmonic acid hormones (JAs) content; the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica; flower buds and flowers of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" were collected at different periods, and the qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) technique was used to analyze the trend of the expression of synthesis-related enzyme genes in Lonicera japonica Flos during the bud stage. The study found that the content of JAs in "Huajin 6" Lonicera japonica Flos was significantly lower than that in "Da Mao Hua"; applying exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) to "Huajin 6" can restore its flowering phenotype, making it close to wild type Lonicera japonica Flos; there are significant differences in the expression of two allene oxide synthase genes (AOS), three lipoxygenase genes (LOX), and two allene oxide cyclase genes (AOC) in the flowers and buds of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" at different periods. It is hypothesized that the low expression of JA synthesis-related enzyme genes in " Huajin 6" leads to the blockage of JA synthesis, which causes the formation of the long bud phenotype. This study laid a certain foundation for the genetic breeding of Lonicera japonica, provided a new idea for the improvement of Lonicera japonica varieties, and provided a reference for the study of JAs in plant flower organs.
ABSTRACT
Lonicera Japonica Flos is the dried bud or nascent flower of Lonicera japonica(Caprifoliaceae). The plant suffers from various diseases and pests in the growth period and thus pesticides are often used. As a result, the resultant pesticide residues in Lonicera Japonica Flos have aroused great concern. This review summarized the investigation, detection methods, content analysis, and risk assessment of pesticide residues in Lonicera Japonica Flos since 1996, and compared the maximum residue limits among different countries and regions. The results showed that the pesticide residues were detected in Lonicera Japonica Flos from different production areas, and only some exceeded the limits. The residual pesticides have changed from organochlorines to new types such as tebuconazole and nitenpyram. The detection method has upgraded from chromatography to chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most pesticide residues will not cause health risks, except carbofuran. Pesticide residues limit the development of Lonicera Japonica Flos industry in China. In practice, we should improve the drug registration of Lonicera Japonica Flos, promote ecological prevention and control technology, and formulate and promote pesticide residue limit standard of Lonicera Japonica Flos.
Subject(s)
Flowers/chemistry , Lonicera/chemistry , Mass Spectrometry , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Pesticides/analysisABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the differences between Lonicera Japonica Flos and Lonicera Flos by establishing HPLC fingerprint and calculating the similarity. Methods: The columns was Phenomenex Luna 5 μm C18 (2) 100 A, 250 mm×4.6 mm; The column temperature was 40℃. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the wavelength was 350 nm. Results: HPLC fingerprint of Lonicera Japonica and similarity evaluation by screening large peak integration were established. The similarity of 12 batches of Lonicera Japonica Flos were all above 0.95, and four batches of Lonicera Flos were less than 0.80. Conclusion: HPLC fingerprint profiles under 350 nm can reflex the differences between Lonicera Japonica Flos and Lonicera Flos effectively; Similarity evaluation by screening large peak integration shows the tiny differences of chemical component.
ABSTRACT
It's a common phenomenon that two kinds or more than two kinds of herbs belong to different parts of the same plant. Lonicera Japonica Flos, Lonicera Japonica Caulis and Lonicera Japonica Folium are the typical representative of this phenomenon. They belong to different parts of the Lonicera japonica Thunb. This paper reviewed the research progress on pharmacological effects and their differences among them. It was found that the research mainly concentrated on Lonicera Japonica Flos, and the others were ignored. However, some pharmacological effects in leaves are stronger than that of flowers and stems, such as antibacterial, anti-bird flu and antioxidant activity.Lonicera Japonica Flos is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory tract virus infection while Lonicera Japonica Caulis is mainly used for the treatment of hepatitis virus infection, respectively. Finally, main problems and suggestions on pharmacological effects among them were also discussed.
ABSTRACT
Objective To set up a method for identification of Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Methods The volatile oils of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae flos was extracted by steam distillation combined with continuous liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. An oil film was prepared for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy scanning by dropping the volatile oils solution on the KBr disc and evaporating the solvent. The obtained infrared spectrum was treated by baseline removing and median filter smoothing. The spectral data within 1800-850 cm-1 was selected as the characteristic spectrum for hierarchical cluster analysis. And the volatile oils of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae flos were discriminated by the result of hierarchical cluster analysis. Results Enough volatile oils were extracted for obtaining Fourier-transform infrared spectrum from small amount of Lonicerae japonicae flos. The method developed in the study was able to discriminate Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils from Lonicerae flos volatile oils. Conclusion The method can be used for identification of Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils.