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Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty of flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry. Methods Through analyzing the whole process of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry detection,the mathematical model was established,the uncertainty factors were determined,and each uncertainty was evaluated.Then the combined uncertainty was calculated and the expanded uncertainty of the measurement results at the 95％ confidence interval was given. Results The measurement uncertainty of the totle flavonoids content in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry was (38.497±5. 674) μg?g-1 . Conclusion The uncertainty evaluation method is suitable for determination of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV method,and the uncertainty is mainly introduced by preparation of reference stock solution and standard curve fitting.
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Aim To investigate the effects of ursolic acid from loquat leaves on proliferation inhibition and expression of PPAR-γ 、TGF-β1 in rat hepatic stellate cells, so as to explore the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of UA.Methods HSC-T6 cells were randomly divided into blank group, rosiglitazone control group, the low, medium and high concentration of UA group to detect the cell proliferation inhibition by CCK-8 after 24,48,72 h.The content of type collagen Ⅰ in cell culture supernatant of each group was examined by ELISA.The expression of PPAR-γ mRNA, TGF-β1 mRNA in HSC-T6 cells exposured were examined by real-time quantitative PCR.Effects on HSC-T6 PPAR-γ and TGF-β1 protein from each group were detected by immunocytochemical method.Results CCK-8 results showed that the inhibitory rate of UA on cell proliferation increased with the prolongation of drug action time(P<0.01).ELISA results showed that with the increase of the concentration of UA, the content of type Ⅰ collagen content decreased(P<0.01).Real-time PCR results showed that with the increase of the concentration of UA, and the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA increased, the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA decreased(P<0.01).The results of immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of PPAR-γ protein was increased, and the expression of TGF-β1 protein was decreased with the increase of the concentration of UA(P<0.01).All effects mentioned above were dose-dependent.Moreover, the effects in the high concentration groups were stronger than those in control group.Conclusion UA can inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells, Which may be associated with the up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression and the down-regulation of TGF-β1 expression.
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Objective To determine the triterpenoid content in Loquat leaf by using HPLC method and to explore the feasibility of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid as the quantitative markers for determination of Loquat leaf and its preparations.Methods Two desugaring methods of Loquat leaf extracts were compared.The contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Loquat leaf as well as preparations were measured based on a system of HPLC,with a Dumas Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used as analytical column.The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (95∶5) with the flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃,the injection volume was 10 μL, the detective wavelength was 210 nm.Results Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were measured in both Loquat leaf and its preparations,and their contents were fairy stable and comparable.Conclusion Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid can be served as quantitative markers for the determination of Loquat leaf and its preparations.
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Objective: :To establish a quality standard for glycyrrhizic acid in compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.Methods: TLC was applied in the qualitative detection of glycyrrhizic acid.An HPLC method was used for the quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid.A C 18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm ,5 μm)column was used.The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-0.2 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate-acetic acid(60∶39∶1).The flow rate was at 1.0 ml·min-1 , and the detection wavelength was at 250 nm.Results: The TLC spots were clear and well separated without interference from the negative sample.The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.01-1.01 g·L-1 (r=1.000 0).The average recovery was 103.2% (RSD %=1.8% , n =9).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of loquat leaves on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and invasion. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female athymic nude mice were given a subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells and randomly grouped to receive a s.c. injection of either 500 mg/kg ethanol, water extract or vehicle five times a week. Tumor growth, mitotic rate and necrosis were examined. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with DMSO or with various concentrations of loquat water or ethanol extract. Proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were examined. RESULTS: Tumor growth of xenograft nude mouse was significantly reduced by loquat extracts. The results of mitotic examination revealed that loquat extracts reduced tumor cell division. Both ethanol and water extracts significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. The protein expression of ErbB3 was significantly down-regulated by loquat leaf extracts. Loquat leaf extracts increased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells following 24 hour incubation and the ethanol extract was more potent in inducing apoptosis than the water extract. Furthermore, loquat extracts inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. MMP activity was significantly inhibited by loquat extracts. CONCLUSION: Our results show that extracts of loquat inhibit the growth of tumor in MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mice and the invasion of human breast cancer cells, indicating the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Apoptosis , Breast Neoplasms , Cell Division , Cell Proliferation , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Eriobotrya , Ethanol , Heterografts , Mice, Nude , Necrosis , WaterABSTRACT
Objective To study the increased radiosensitivity of tumor cells by triterpene acids of loquat leaf (TAL) and mechanism.Methods C6 and MG63 cells were pretreated by TAL,and then were exposed to X-rays at 1,2,3,5,7 Gy.Clonogenic assay was used to evaluate those tumor cells survival fraction (SF) to calculate the sensitization enhancement ratios (SER) of TAL.The cellular micronuclei ratios of tumor cells were analyzed by micronuclei assay.Additionally,the changes of Rad51 and XRCC4 levels were observed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results D0 values were decreased to 1.31 and 2.85 Gy in C6 and MG63 cells by TAL pretreatment respectively.The SER value of the effect of TAL on C6 and MG63 cells was 1.73 and 2.04,respectively.There was a statistical difference in the cellular micronuclei ratios between tumor cells with TAL above 2 Gy and those without TAL (C6:t =-8.372--2.476,P ＜0.05 ; MG63:t =-4.03--2.557,P ＜ 0.05).TAL attenuated the expression of XRCC4 at transcriptional and translational level,but not for Rad51,a key gene in homologous recombination repair (HRR).Conclusions TAL pretreatment could increase the lethal effect of X-rays on tumor cells in vitro.The mechanism might be involved in the inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).
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O ensacamento é uma operação de extrema importância no cultivo da nespereira por proporcionar qualidade à colheita de frutas, além de permitir uma minimização na utilização de produtos químicos. Entretanto, ainda existe carência de informações quanto ao momento adequado de realizar a operação, principalmente considerando-se o estádio limite de ensacamento em que se podem obter frutos de qualidade comercial. Em função do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos frutos ensacados de cultivares de nespereiras em diferentes estádios. Avaliaram-se as cultivares 'Mizuho', 'Mizumo', 'Mizauto', 'Centenária', 'Néctar de Cristal' e a seleção IAC NE-3 a três estádios de ensacamento, ou seja, quando os diâmetros médios deles atingiram 0,5cm, 1,0cm e 1,5cm. Após os frutos atingirem o tamanho de acordo com cada tratamento, realizou-se o ensacamento das panículas, utilizando papel jornal. Quando maduros, os frutos foram colhidos e avaliados quanto ao comprimento, diâmetro e massa do fruto, presença de danos internos e externos. O ensacamento em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento interferiu na qualidade dos frutos de nespereira. Frutos ensacados com diâmetros entre 0,5 e 1,0cm foram os que apresentaram a melhor qualidade comercial. A seleção IAC NE-3 se destacou entre as nespereiras quanto às dimensões dos frutos.
The bagging is an operation of extreme importance in the loquat culture because it provides fruit quality, and allows minimization of chemical products use. However, there is still lack of information, related to the adequate moment to carry through the operation, especially considering the limit of bagging stage, in which there are fruits of marketable quality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of bagged fruits of loquat cultivars in different stadiums of development. The cultivars 'Mizuho', 'Mizumo', 'Mizauto', 'Centennial', 'Crystal Nectar' and selection IAC NE-3 were evaluated in three stages of bagging, that is, when fruits reached an average diameter of 0.5cm, 1.0cm and 1.5cm. After fruits reached the size in accordance to each treatment, the panicles were bagged using newsprint. When mature, the fruits were harvested and evaluated regardless to length, diameter and fruit mass, presence of internal and external damages. The bagging at different developmental stages interfered in the quality of loquat fruit. bagged with diameters between 0.5 and 1.0cm were the ones that had presented the best commercial quality. The IAC NE-3 selection detached e among the loquat fruit due to its dimensions.
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Foi avaliada a capacidade produtiva das seleções de nêspera (Eriobotrya japonica) IAC 263-49, IAC 363-27, IAC 264-54, IAC 464-9, IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66, IAC 966-23, IAC 167-1, IAC 677-13, IAC 967-5, IAC 1367-43, IAC 1367-46, IAC 1467-12, IAC 1467-25, IAC 1467-170, IAC 1467-177, IAC 1467-296, IAC 1467-301, IAC NE-3, IAC KM-6 e 'Mizuho', em Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. As mudas, formadas com porta-enxertos de 'Mizumo', foram plantadas a campo, em blocos ao acaso. Do terceiro ao sétimo ano do plantio, foram quantificados o número e a massa fresca dos frutos, a produção total por planta e a produtividade estimada. Além disso, foi feito o cálculo da média do quadriênio. As seleções IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66 e IAC 677-13 apresentaram as maiores produções e são promissoras para a diversificação do cultivo de nêspera.
The yield of the loquat tree selections (Eriobotrya japonica) IAC 263-49, IAC 363-27, IAC 264-54, IAC 464-9, IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66, IAC 966-23, IAC 167-1, IAC 677-13, IAC 967-5, IAC 1367-43, IAC 1367-46, IAC 1467-12, IAC 1467-25, IAC 1467-170, IAC 1467-177, IAC 1467-296, IAC 1467-301, IAC NE-3, IAC KM-6 and 'Mizuho' were evaluated, in Jundiaí city, SP, Brazil. The seedlings growing on cultivar 'Mizumo' rootstocks were planted at field in a randomized blocks design. From the third to seventh year after planting the fruits number and fresh weight, the total yield per plant and the productivity were evaluated, besides the calculation of the average of the quadriennium. The IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66 and IAC 677-13 selections showed the highest productions and they are promising for the diversification of the loquat tree cultivation.
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We examined the inhibitory effects of loquat methanol extract on the adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were cultured with DMSO or with 10, 25, or 50 microg/ml of loquat methanol extract. Both leaf and seed extracts significantly inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, although leaf extract was more effective. Adhesion and migration were significantly inhibited by loquat extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Loquat extract also inhibited the invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and leaf extract was more effective than seed extract. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also inhibited by loquat extract. Our results indicate that methanol extracts of loquat inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells partially through the inhibition of MMP activity and leaf extract has more anti-metastatic effects in cell based assay than seed extract. Clinical application of loquat extract as a potent chemopreventive agent may be helpful in limiting breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Cell Line , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Eriobotrya , Methanol , Neoplasm Metastasis , SeedsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To further exploit the active components from Loquat leaf and its gruffs.METHODS:The chief components in loquat leaf and its gruffs were extracted by ultrasound extraction and Soxhlet extraction,respectively,the sepa?ration of ursolic acid and other constituents was performed by HPLC,and the relative amounts of which were determined and compared.RESULTS:Soxhlet extraction is superior to ultrasound extraction in the extraction of loquat leaf and8components in gruffs.Under the same extraction method,the content of ursolic acid in loquat leaves is equivalent to that of gruffs.Besides,the contents of6components in gruffs were above those in loquat leaves.CONCLUSION:The essential component-triterpenic acid in loquat leaves suffered no loss after extraction with water,the active components in gruffs can be further exploited.
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Eriobotrya japonica, Rosaceae, é uma espécie conhecida popularmente como nespereira, cujas folhas são empregadas na medicina tradicional como agente hipoglicemiante e no tratamento de doenças da pele. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar morfo-anatomicamente as folhas, a fim de fornecer subsídios farmacognósticos ao controle de qualidade da droga vegetal e taxonômicos à família. O material botânico foi fixado e submetido às técnicas usuais de microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura. As folhas são simples, alternas, lanceoladas, de limbo inteiro e margem denteada. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula espessada e levemente estriada. Tricomas tectores unicelulares longos são encontrados em ambas as faces, sendo numerosos na abaxial. A folha é hipoestomática, revelando estômatos anomocíticos. O mesofilo é dorsiventral e os feixes vasculares de pequeno porte são colaterais e podem apresentar extensão de bainha. A nervura principal possui formato biconvexo e o pecíolo circular, sendo ambos percorridos por feixes vasculares anficrivais. Foram observados idioblastos contendo cristais de oxalato de cálcio, mucilagem e compostos fenólicos.
The leaves of Eriobotrya japonica , Rosaceae, popularly known as loquat, are used in folk medicine for their hypoglycemic properties and to treat cutaneous diseases. The aim of this work was to study the leaf morpho-anatomy of the drug for pharmacognostic and taxonomic purposes. The botanical material was prepared for the usual optical and scanning microtechniques. The leaves are simple, alternate and lanceolate, with entire blade and dentate margins. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated by a thick and slightly striated cuticle. Both surfaces are hairy, particularly the lower, with long unicellular non-glandular trichomes. Anomocytic stomata occur exclusively on the lower surface. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and the small bundles are collateral and may present sheath extensions. The midrib has got biconvex shape and the petiole round contour, both showing amphicrival bundles. Idioblasts containing calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage and phenolic compounds were observed.
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Aim To investigate the effect of MAPK signal transduction pathway on the expression of TNF-? in AM(alveolar macrophage) of CB(chronic bronchitis) rats,meanwhile,to initially discuss the possible regulated target of TAL(triterpene acids of loquat.leaf),to explain the mechanism about anti-inflammatory action of TAL on CB rats.Methods The depurated AM was incubated with the special inhibitors of MAPK signal transduction pathway respectively(ERK,p38 or JNK) and the expression of TNF-? was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Using factorial design,TNF-? level in AM culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The special inhibitors of ERK(PD98059) and p38(SB203580) could change the expression of TNF-? in AM of CB rats apparently.Factorial analysis shows there is statistical significance between TAL,PD98059/SB203580 and mixture of them.Conclusions TAL reducing the expression of TNF-? may be related with the inhibition of ERK and p38 signal transduction pathway.It may be one of the mechanisms by which TAL has the preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis.