Application of vascular photobiomodulation therapy in individuals with low back pain and its relationship with global methylation / Aplicação da terapia por fotobiomodulação vascular em indivíduos com lombalgia e sua relação com a metilação global

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain is among the most disabling conditions worldwide, and among the epigenetic factors, methylation in CpG islands of gene promoter regions can modulate gene expression, potentially correlating with the development of the disease and providing insights into the choice of treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of therapy using modified ILIB related to DNA methylation processes in low back pain. Secondary objectives of this study included investigating pain intensity, gender, sociodemographic data, and physical-functional profile. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in a municipality in the southern region of Brazil. The sample consisted of 30 participants of both genders, with an average age of 41.77 years. The following aspects were analyzed: anthropometric characteristics, global methylation using the ELISA method, pain level, physical activity level, functional disabilities, and hesitancy level related to work and physical activity-related activities. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was observed between methylation levels before and after treatment application for the experimental and placebo groups (p < 0.005), demonstrating a mean responsiveness between methylation and treatment (d = 0.5). However, there were no other statistically significant associations correlated with the other work variables. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study suggest the need for further research related to the identification of specific genes in methylation, as well as the standardization of dosimetry used for transcutaneous ILIB laser application in the radial artery.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A lombalgia está entre as condições mais incapacitantes no mundo e; dentre os fatores epigenéticos, a metilação em ilhas CpG de regiões promotoras de genes pode modular a expressão gênica permitindo uma possível correlação ao desenvolvimento da doença, como também pode trazer esclarecimentos a respeito do tratamento a ser escolhido. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia da terapia através do uso do ILIB modificado relacionada ao processo de metilação de DNA na lombalgia. Os objetivos secundários deste estudo foram a investigação da intensidade da dor, sexo, dados sociodemográficos e perfil físico-funcional. MÉTODOS: Este estudo, desenvolvido em um município da região sul do Brasil, caracteriza-se como prospectivo. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 30 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 41,77 anos. Foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: características antropométricas, metilação global através do método ELISA, nível de dor, nível de atividade física, incapacidades funcionais e nível de hesitação para realizar atividades relacionada ao trabalho e atividade física. RESULTADOS: Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de metilação antes e a após aplicação do tratamento para grupo experimental e placebo (p<0,005) demostrando uma média responsividade entre as variáveis metilação e tratamento (d=0,5). No entanto, não houve nenhuma outra associação estatística correlacionada as demais variáreis do trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que há necessidade mais estudos relacionados a identificação de genes específicos na metilação, além da necessidade de padronização de dosimetria utilizadas para aplicação do laser ILIB de forma transcutânea, em artéria radial.

Terapia fotodinâmica para ação bactericida em úlceras venosas de usuários do serviço público de saúde / Photodynamic therapy for bactericidal action on venous ulcers of users of public health service

Introdução: As úlceras de difícil cicatrização caracterizam-se como uma patologia que afeta cerca de 20 milhões de pessoas pelo mundo. A terapia fotodinâmica TFD é um método que atua nas fases da cicatrização, bioestimulando o tecido e promovendo a morte dos microorganismos Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a TFD como técnica de ação bactericida na cicatrização das úlceras de usuários de um serviço público de saúde acometidos por úlceras venosas UV. Métodos: Para avaliar a presença de bactérias nas úlceras, foi utilizado um swab stuart. Foi aplicado o medicamento à base de curcumina na úlcera e a mesma foi imediatamente ocluída com papel alumínio durante 20 minutos. Resultados: Durante todo período de coleta houve crescimento de bactérias nas úlceras. Os participantes obtiveram redução da área das úlceras, avaliadas pela quantificação do software Image J Conclusão: A TFD foi capaz de acelerar o tempo de cicatrização de úlceras venosas, ao efeito bactericida, a técnica carece ainda de mais estudos.

Introduction: Ulcers that are difficult to heal are characterized as a pathology that affects about 20 million people around the world. PDT photodynamic therapy is a method that acts in the healing phases, biostimulating the tissue and promoting the death of microorganisms affected by UV. Methods: To assess the presence of bacteria in the ulcers, a stuart swab was used. the medicine based on curcumin was applied to the ulcer and it was immediately occluded with aluminum foil for 20 minutes. Results: During the entire collection period, there was growth of bacteria in the ulcers. The participants obtained a reduction in the area of the ulcers, evaluated by the quantification of the Image J software. Conclusion: PDT was able to accelerate the healing time of venous ulcers, due to its bactericidal effect, the technique still needs further studies.

Tratamiento con radiación láser de baja potencia en pacientes con estomatitis aftosa recurrente

Fundamento entre las urgencias periodontales que requieren atención inmediata está la estomatitis aftosa recurrente, debido a las molestias o complicaciones que ocasiona al paciente. El empleo de la radiación láser de baja potencia puede resultar efectivo en el tratamiento de esta entidad. Objetivo determinar el efecto terapéutico del tratamiento con radiación láser de baja potencia en pacientes con diagnóstico de estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Métodos estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el periodo mayo/2019-mayo/2021, en el servicio estomatológico del policlínico Dr. Enrique Barnet, del municipio de Lajas, provincia de Cienfuegos, que incluyó a 46 pacientes con diagnóstico de estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Se empleó el análisis de documentos, la observación y el cuestionario; además del examen bucal como método diagnóstico. Los pacientes recibieron tratamiento con radiación láser de baja potencia. Se aplicó el programa EPIDAT 3.1 para el procesamiento estadístico de los datos. Resultados predominó el sexo femenino, la edad entre 19-34 años, así como las úlceras aftosas menores. Las lesiones se localizaron principalmente en labio. El 97,83 % de los pacientes refirió remisión de la lesión al quinto día de tratamiento. Todos los pacientes tratados evolucionaron favorablemente hacia la cicatrización. Solo un paciente presentó reacciones adversas. Conclusiones los resultados permitieron constatar los beneficios terapéuticos de la terapia con láser de baja potencia en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente.

Background among the periodontal emergencies that require immediate attention is the RAS, due to the inconvenience or complications that it causes to the patient. The use of low power laser radiation can be effective in the treatment of this entity. Objective to determine the therapeutic effect of treatment with low-power laser radiation in patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Methods descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out from May/2019 to May/2021, in the Dr. Enrique Barnet polyclinic's dental service, in Lajas municipality, Cienfuegos province, which included 46 patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Document analysis, observation and questionnaire were used; in addition to the oral examination as a diagnostic method. Patients received treatment with low-power laser radiation. The EPIDAT 3.1 program was applied for the statistical data processing. Results the female sex predominated, the age between 19-34 years, as well as minor aphthous ulcers. The lesions were located mainly on the lip. 97.83% of the patients reported remission of the lesion on the fifth day of treatment. All treated patients evolved favorably towards healing. Only one patient presented adverse reactions. Conclusions the results allowed us to verify the therapeutic benefits of low power laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Efeitos clínicos da fotobiomodulação como terapia adjuvante não-cirúrgica na periodontite crônica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Clinical effects of photobiomodulation as non-surgical adjuvant therapy for chronic periodontitis: an integrative literature review

Introdução: A doença periodontal, de origem infecciosa, constitui diferentes quadros clínicos de caráter multifatorial e inflamatório. A fotobiomodulação é uma técnica não invasiva que tem demonstrado ser capaz de diminuir a inflamação e proporcionar alívio da dor. Estudos também demonstraram que a adoção da fotobiomodulação adjuvante à raspagem e alisamento radicular tem sido capaz de reduzir a carga bacteriana proveniente da periodontite crônica. Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos da fotobiomodulação como terapia adjuvante à raspagem e ao alisamento radicular no tratamento da periodontite crônica publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no período de setembro a novembro de 2021, mediante a utilização dos seguintes descritores: "Periodontitis", "Photobiomodulation" e "Therapy, selecionando artigos publicados em inglês durante o período entre 2016 a 2021. Resultados: Foram identificados 47 trabalhos. Destes, foram excluídos 39 estudos que se dispersaram do tema e 2 que se encontravam indisponíveis para o acesso, resultando em 6 artigos que foram consultados integralmente. Foi consenso entre os artigos consultados que a prática da fotobiomodulação tornou-se um potencial agente terapêutico no tratamento da periodontite crônica contribuindo para a redução da contagem de periodontopatógenos e que atua de maneira coadjuvante às raspagens radiculares. Conclusão: A fotobiomodulação mostrou-se uma ferramenta promissora na área odontológica. Entretanto, a grande variedade nos parâmetros de tratamentos e protocolos utilizados na fotobiomodulação impossibilita uma comparação e uma análise mais crítica e rigorosa dos resultados obtidos nos trabalhos analisados.

Introduction: Periodontal disease, which has an infectious origin, constitutes a multifactorial and inflammatory different clinical condition of multifactorial, inflammatory, and infectious origin. Photobiomodulation is a non-invasive technique that has been shown to decrease inflammation and provide pain relief. Studies also have shown that the choosing of photobiomodulation as adjuvant therapy to scaling and root planing has been able to reduce the bacterial load from chronic periodontitis. Objectives: To analyze the effects of photobiomodulation as an adjuvant therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in the studies published in the last five years. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, carried out from September to November 2021, using the following descriptors: "Periodontitis", "Photobiomodulation" and "Therapy, from selected articles published in English during the period between 2016 to 2021. Results: From the research and selection of studies to compose this integrative literature review, 47 studies were initially identified based on the descriptors. From those, 39 papers that were outside from the topic and 2 papers that were unavailable for access were excluded from the present review. Then remained, 6 articles that were fully consulted. The practice of photobiomodulation has become a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic periodontitis reducing the count of periodontopathogens and as an adjunct therapy to root scaling. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation therapy has become a promising tool in the dental field, however, the great variety in the treatment parameters and protocols used for photobiomodulation makes impossible to compare and perform a more critical and rigorous analysis of the results collected in the present work.

Impact of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on volumetric root resorption of maxillary incisors in patients treated with clear aligner therapy: A retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric root resorption in maxillary incisors following clear aligner therapy (CAT) with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and compare the results to CAT alone. Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated pretreatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 42 adult patients. Twenty-one patients (14 females, 7 males, mean age= 38.1±12.96 years) were treated using CAT with LIPUS device, whereas the other twenty-one matching controls patients (15 females, 6 males, mean age= 35.6±11.7 years) were treated using CAT alone. Images were analyzed and a segmentation protocol was applied on the maxillary incisors. Each segmented tooth volume was exported as a surface mesh in the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) file format. The VTK files for all maxillary incisors were coded and corresponding teeth volumes from T0 and T1 were superimposed. Clipping the crown of each tooth was done, then measurements of root volumes and differences between groups were performed. Changes in root volumes were assessed (p<0.05). Results: Root loss was evident in all teeth in both groups, but was significantly increased in all maxillary incisors of the control group (p<0.001) and in upper left central incisor of LIPUS group (p=0.009). When both groups were compared, there was statistically significant minimal volumetric root loss in LIPUS group (3.50-7.32 mm3), when compared to control group (11.48-12.95 mm3) (p<0.05). Conclusion: LIPUS group showed less volumetric root resorption compared to control group during the studied treatment time using clear aligners.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar volumetricamente a reabsorção radicular em incisivos superiores após tratamento com alinhadores transparentes (CAT) com e sem uso adjuvante de ultrassom de baixa intensidade (LIPUS). Material e Métodos: Esse estudo retrospectivo avaliou imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico pré-tratamento (T0) e pós-tratamento (T1) de 42 pacientes adultos: 21 pacientes (14 mulheres, 7 homens, idade média= 38,1±12,96 anos) foram tratados com CAT e LIPUS, enquanto os outros 21 pacientes controles correspondentes (15 mulheres, 6 homens, idade média= 35,6±11,7 anos) foram tratados apenas com CAT. As imagens foram analisadas e foi aplicado um protocolo de segmentação dos incisivos superiores. Os volumes de cada dente segmentado foram exportados como malhas de superfície, em arquivos no formato Visualization Toolkit (VTK). Os arquivos VTK de todos os incisivos superiores foram codificados e foram sobrepostos os volumes dos dentes correspondentes a T0 e T1. Foi realizada a clipagem da coroa de cada dente e, em seguida, foram realizadas medições dos volumes radiculares e comparadas as diferenças entre os grupos, avaliando-se as alterações nos volumes de raízes (p<0,05). Resultados: A perda radicular foi evidente em todos os dentes em ambos os grupos, mas foi significativamente maior em todos os incisivos superiores do grupo controle (p<0,001) e no incisivo central superior esquerdo do grupo LIPUS (p=0,009). Quando ambos os grupos foram comparados, houve perda volumétrica mínima estatisticamente significativa no grupo LIPUS (3,50-7,32 mm3), em comparação ao grupo controle (11,48-12,95 mm3) (p<0,05). Conclusão: O grupo LIPUS apresentou menor volume de reabsorção radicular, em comparação ao grupo controle, durante o tempo de tratamento estudado usando alinhadores transparentes.

Eficácia de um protocolo de laseracupuntura sobre a fadiga e alterações respiratórias pós- covid-19: estudo quase experimental / Effectiveness of a laseracupuncture protocol on post- covid-19 fatigue and lung capacity: a quasi-experimental study / Eficacia de un protocolo de laseracupuntura sobre cambios respiratorios de la fatiga y poscovida-19: estudio casi experimental

Objetivo: Estudo quase experimental aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas com Seres Humanos ­ COPEP da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, sob Parecer nº. 5.262.784, cujo objetivo foi avaliar a segurança e eficácia da laseracupuntura como uma abordagem terapêutica complementar no tratamento da fadiga e capacidade pulmonar em pacientes pós-COVID. Materiais e método: Nos meses de fevereiro e maço de 2023, no ambulatório de enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Campus de Paranavaí, foram recrutados 23 pacientes da comunidade acadêmica (discentes, docentes e agentes universitários) da própria universidade, com idade mediana de 24 anos (IQR = 22,0, 32,0), com diagnóstico prévio de COVID-19 e que apresentavam sintomas de fadiga e queixa de desconforto respiratório por pelo menos quatro semanas após a recuperação da fase aguda da doença. Dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estado de saúde geral e relacionados à COVID-19 foram coletados. Os pacientes foram tratados com duas sessões semanais de laseracupuntura por um período de cinco semanas. Para identificação da presença e intensidade da fadiga, foi aplicada a Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada com 23 itens e dividida em três dimensões, no início e final do tratamento e realizados testes de função pulmonar por espirometria para descrição do padrão ventilatório dos voluntários, em todas as sessões. Resultados: Participaram 23 voluntários com idade mediana de 24 anos (IQR, 22-32) e predominantemente do sexo feminino (N= 15 [65%]) e da cor branca (N = 13 [56,4%]). A maioria dos voluntários tinha sobrepeso ou obesidade (N = 16 [79,6%]). Após a fase aguda da COVID-19, os sintomas mais relatados foram ansiedade (65%), queda de cabelo (35%) e dor de cabeça (30%). Todos os participantes apresentaram fadiga intensa pós-COVID (6,36 [IQR = 6,00 ­ 7,73]). Os resultados do estudo mostraram que o tratamento com a laseracupuntura resultou em redução significativa nas pontuações da escala de fadiga quanto à Dimensão comportamental (Diferença média [DM] = -1,65; IC 95%; 0,56-2,75; p < 0,001) Dimensão afetiva (DM = -2,43; IC 95%; 1,33-3,52; p < 0,001) e Dimensão sensorial (DM= -2,85; IC 95%; 2,08-3,63; p < 0,001), além do total geral de fadiga (-2,44; IC 95%; 1,63-3,24; p < 0,001), mas não apresentou qualquer efeito nas medidas de função pulmonar como Capacidade Vital Forçada (DM = -0,87; IC 95%; -4,24, 5,98); p = 0,727), manobra básica avaliada em espirometria e relação entre Volume expiratório forçado em 1 segundo (VEF1) e Capacidade vital forçada (CVF), o VEF1/CVF (DM = -1,00; IC 95%; -10,38-8,39; p = 0,828). Nenhum efeito colateral foi relatado durante o tratamento. Conclusão: O protocolo de laseracupuntura foi seguro e bem tolerado pelos pacientes, sem efeitos colaterais relatados durante o tratamento, sugerindo que a laseracupuntura pode ser uma opção segura para o tratamento da fadiga pós-COVID-19. Apesar da intervenção não ter provocado efeito nos padrões respiratórios dos voluntários, estes verbalizaram melhora da expansibilidade e dor torácica, aumento do fôlego e disposição. Sugere-se novos estudos controlados para melhor compreensão do manejo dos sintomas pós-agudos da COVID-19.

Objective: Quasi-experimental study approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings ­ COPEP of the State University of Maringá, Opinion nº. 5,262,784, whose objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laser acupuncture as a complementary therapeutic approach in the treatment of fatigue and lung capacity in post-COVID patients. Materials and method: In February and March 2023, at the nursing clinic of the State University of Paraná, Campus Paranavaí, 23 patients were recruited from the academic community (students, professors and university agents) of the university itself, with a median age of 24 years old (IQR = 22.0, 32.0), with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 and who had symptoms of fatigue and a complaint of respiratory distress for at least four weeks after recovery from the acute phase of the disease. Demographic, socioeconomic, and general health and COVID-19 related data were collected. The patients were treated with two laseracupuncture sessions per week for a period of five weeks. To identify the presence and intensity of fatigue, the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale was applied, with 23 items and divided into three dimensions, at the beginning and end of treatment, and pulmonary function tests were performed by spirometry to describe the ventilatory pattern of the volunteers, in all sessions. Results: Participants were 23 volunteers with a median age of 24 years (IQR, 22-32) and predominantly female (N = 15 [65%]) and Caucasian (N = 13 [56.4%]). Most volunteers were overweight or obese (N = 16 [79.6%]). After the acute phase of COVID-19, the most reported symptoms were anxiety (65%), hair loss (35%) and headache (30%). All participants experienced severe post-COVID fatigue (6.36 [IQR = 6.00 ­ 7.73]). The results of the study showed that treatment with laser acupuncture resulted in a significant reduction in scores on the fatigue scale for the Behavioral Dimension (Mean difference [MD] = -1.65; CI 95%; 0.56-2.75; p < 0.001) Affective dimension (DM = -2.43; CI 95%; 1.33-3.52; p < 0.001) and Sensory dimension (DM = -2.85; CI 95%; 2.08-3, 63; p <0.001), in addition to the fatigue grand total (-2.44; 95% CI; 1.63-3.24; p < 0.001), but had no effect on measures of lung function such as Forced Vital Capacity (MD = -0.87; 95% CI; -4.24, 5.98); p = 0.727), basic maneuver evaluated in spirometry and ratio between Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC (DM = -1.00; CI 95%; -10.38 -8.39; p = 0.828). No side effects were reported during treatment. Conclusion: The laseracupuncture protocol was safe and well tolerated by patients, with no reported side effects during treatment, suggesting that laseracupuncture may be a safe option for treating post-COVID-19 fatigue. Although the intervention had no effect on the breathing patterns of the volunteers, they reported improvement in chest expansion and pain, increased breath and disposition. New controlled studies are suggested to better understand the management of post-acute symptoms of COVID-19.

Objetivo: Estudio casi experimental aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Seres Humanos - COPEP de la Universidad Estatal de Maringá, con arreglo a la Opinión No. 5,262,784, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la laseracupuntura como enfoque terapéutico complementario en el tratamiento de la fatiga y la capacidad pulmonar en pacientes post-COVID. Materiales y método: En los meses de febrero y marzo de 2023, en la clínica de enfermería de la Universidad Estatal de Paraná, Campus de Paranavaí, se reclutaron 23 pacientes de la comunidad académica (estudiantes, profesores y agentes universitarios) de la propia universidad, con una edad media de 24 años (IQR = 22,0, 32,0), con diagnóstico COVID y que muestren síntomas de fatiga y una queja de molestias respiratorias durante al menos cuatro semanas después de la recuperación de la fase aguda de la enfermedad. Se han recopilado datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y de salud general relacionados con el programa COVID-19. Los pacientes fueron tratados con dos sesiones de laseracupuntura por semana durante cinco semanas. Para la identificación de la presencia y la intensidad de la fatiga, se revisó la escala de fatiga de los piper con 23 elementos y se dividió en tres dimensiones, al inicio y al final del tratamiento, y se realizaron pruebas de función pulmonar mediante espirometría para describir el patrón de ventilación de los voluntarios, en todas las sesiones. Resultados: participaron 23 voluntarios con una edad media de 24 años (RCI, 22-32) y predominantemente mujeres (N = 15 [65%]) y blancas (N = 13 [56,4%]). La mayoría de los voluntarios presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad (N = 16 [79,6%]). Después de la fase aguda de COVID-19, los síntomas notificados más frecuentemente fueron ansiedad (65%), pérdida de pelo (35%) y dolor de cabeza (30%). Todos los participantes presentaron fatiga grave post-COVID (6,36 [IQR = 6,00 - 7,73]). Los resultados del estudio mostraron que el tratamiento con laseracupuntura dio lugar a una reducción significativa de las puntuaciones de la escala de fatiga para la dimensión conductual (Diferencia media [DM] = -1,65; IC del 95%; IC del 0,56-2,75; p < 0,001) La dimensión afectiva (DM = -2,43; IC del 95%: 1; 33-3,52; p < 0,001) y dimensión sensorial (DM = -2,85; IC del 95% 2,08-3,63; p < 0,001), además de la fatiga general (-2,44; IC del 95%: 1,63-3,24; p < 0,0 01), pero no tuvo efecto sobre las medidas de función pulmonar como capacidad vital forzada (DM = -0,87; IC del 95%; -4,24,5,98); p = 0,727), maniobra basal evaluada en espirometría y relación entre el volumen respiratorio forzado 1 segundo (VEF1) y la capacidad viciosa forzada (CVF), EF1/CVF (DM = -1,00; IC del 95%; -10,38-8,39; p = 0,828). No se notificaron efectos adversos durante el tratamiento. Conclusión: El protocolo de laseracupuntura fue seguro y bien tolerado por los pacientes, sin efectos secundarios notificados durante el tratamiento, lo que sugiere que la laseracupuntura puede ser una opción segura para el tratamiento de la fatiga post-COVID-19. Aunque la intervención no tuvo efecto sobre los patrones respiratorios de los voluntarios, verbalizaron mejoría en la capacidad de expansión y dolor torácico, dificultad respiratoria y disposición. Se sugieren nuevos estudios controlados para entender mejor el manejo de los síntomas post-agudos de COVID-19.

Laseracupuntura para o tratamento da ansiedade e depressão na síndrome pós-covid-19: resultados promissores de um estudo quase-experimental / Laseracupuncture for the treatment of anxiety and depression in post-covid-19 syndrome: promising results from a quasi-experimental study / Laseracupuntura para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión en el síndrome post-covid-19: resultados prometedores de un estudio quasi-experimental

A pandemia da COVID-19, provocou um grande impacto na saúde mental das pessoas, mesmo após a fase aguda da doença, resultando em altas taxas de ansiedade e depressão, tornando necessário o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de tratamentos, não farmacológicos, eficazes para aliviar esses sintomas. Este estudo quase-experimental, aberto, unicêntrico, realizado nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2023, no ambulatório de enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, campus de Paranavaí, teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da Laseracupuntura, para o tratamento de ansiedade e depressão, na Síndrome Pós-COVID-19. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética (Parecer nº. 5.262.784). Foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estado de saúde. A presença e a intensidade de ansiedade e depressão foram verificadas no início e, ao final, do tratamento, por meio do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (21 itens) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (21 itens). Ao todo, 23 voluntários receberam até 10 sessões, de um protocolo de Laseracupuntura, para tratar ansiedade e depressão pós-COVID-19. Os pontos P1, PC6, E36, E25, VC6, VC12, VC17 e Yintang, foram estimulados por luz de laser infravermelho sobre a pele. Os participantes eram predominantemente, mulheres, de raça/cor branca e tinham sobrepeso ou obesidade. Os sintomas pós-agudos da COVID-19, mais relatados, foram: ansiedade, queda de cabelo e dor de cabeça. A mediana inicial de pontuação das escalas de ansiedade e depressão foram de 23,00 (IQR, 13,50 ­ 27,50) e 22,00 (IQR, 11,50 ­ 26,50), respectivamente. A intervenção resultou em reduções significativas, nas pontuações de duas escalas: de ansiedade (DM = -9,74; IC 95%, 4,88 ­ 14,60; p < 0,001) e depressão (DM = -9,87; IC 95%; 5,53 ­ 14,21; p < 0,001). Nenhum efeito colateral foi relatado durante o tratamento. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo, sugerem que, a Laseracupuntura pode ser uma terapia eficaz e segura para tratar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes pós-COVID-19. Além disso, o uso da laseracupuntura, tem a vantagem adicional de ser menos invasiva que a Acupuntura tradicional, tornando-a uma opção atraente para pessoas que buscam tratamentos integrativos para saúde mental, sem os riscos presentes em terapias medicamentosas tradicionais. Recomenda-se a realização de mais estudos ­ principalmente ensaios clínicos randomizados ­, para confirmar a eficácia da Laseracupuntura.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on people's mental health even after the acute phase of the disease, resulting in high rates of anxiety and depression, making it necessary to develop and evaluate treatments, non- pharmacological, effective to alleviate these symptoms. This quasi-experimental, open- label, unicentric study, conducted in February and March 2023, at the nursing outpatient clinic at Paraná State University, Paranavaí campus, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Laseracupuncture, for the treatment of anxiety and depression, in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (Opinion No. 5 262 784). Demographic, socioeconomic and health status data were collected. The presence and intensity of anxiety and depression were verified at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, through the Beck Anxiety Inventory (21 items) and Beck Depression Inventory (21 items). In all, 23 volunteers received up to 10 sessions of a Laseracupuncture protocol to treat post-COVID-19 anxiety and depression. The points P1, PC6, E36, E25, VC6, VC12, VC17 and Yintang, were stimulated by infrared laser light on the skin. Participants were predominantly women of white race/color and were overweight or obese. The most reported post-acute symptoms of COVID-19 were: anxiety, hair loss, and headache. The median baseline scores for the anxiety and depression scales were 23.00 (IQR, 13.50 - 27.50) and 22.00 (IQR, 11.50 - 26.50), respectively. The intervention resulted in significant reductions in the scores of two scales: anxiety (DM = -9.74; 95% CI, 4.88 - 14.60; p < 0.001) and depression (DM = -9.87; 95% CI; 5.53 - 14.21; p < 0.001). No side effects were reported during treatment. Results obtained in this study suggest that Laseracupuncture may be an effective and safe therapy for treating symptoms of anxiety and depression in post-COVID-19 patients. In addition, the use of laseracupuncture has the additional advantage of being less invasive than traditional Acupuncture, making it an attractive option for people seeking integrative treatments for mental health, without the risks present in traditional drug therapies. Further studies - mainly randomized clinical trials - are recommended to confirm the efficacy of Laseracupuncture.

La pandemia COVID-19 ha tenido un gran impacto en la salud mental de las personas, incluso después de la fase aguda de la enfermedad, dando lugar a altas tasas de ansiedad y depresión, lo que hace necesario desarrollar y evaluar tratamientos no farmacológicos eficaces para el alivio de estos síntomas. Este estudio casi experimental, abierto y unicéntrico, realizado en los meses de febrero y marzo de 2023 en la clínica de enfermería de la Universidad Estatal de Paraná, campus Paranavaí, tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la Laseracupuntura, para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión, en el Síndrome Post-COVID-19. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética (Opinión No. 5 262 784) Se han reunido datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y de salud. La presencia y la intensidad de la ansiedad y la depresión se verificaron al principio y al final del tratamiento, mediante el Inventario de ansiedad Beck (21 artículos) y el Inventario de depresión Beck (21 artículos). En total, 23 voluntarios recibieron hasta 10 sesiones, de un protocolo de Laseracupuntura, para tratar la ansiedad y la depresión post- COVID-19. Los puntos P1, PC6, E36, E25, VC6, VC12, VC17 y Yintang fueron estimulados por luz láser infrarroja en la piel. Los participantes fueron predominantemente mujeres blancas/de raza y tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Los síntomas post-agudos más frecuentemente notificados de COVID-19 fueron ansiedad, pérdida de pelo y dolor de cabeza. La mediana inicial de la puntuación de ansiedad y depresión osciló entre 23,00 (RPI, 13,50 - 27,50) y 22,00 (RI, 11,50 - 26,50), respectivamente. La intervención dio lugar a reducciones significativas en las puntuaciones de dos escalas: ansiedad (DM = -9,74; IC del 95%, 4,88 - 14,60; p < 0,001) y depresión (DM = -9,87; IC del 95%; IC del 5,53 al 14,21; p < 0,00 1. No se notificaron efectos adversos durante el tratamiento. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que Laseracupuntura puede ser una terapia eficaz y segura para tratar los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes post- COVID-19. Además, el uso de laseracupuntura tiene la ventaja adicional de ser menos invasiva que la acupuntura tradicional, lo que la convierte en una opción atractiva para las personas que buscan tratamiento integrador para la salud mental, sin los riesgos presentes en los medicamentos tradicionales. Se recomiendan otros estudios, principalmente ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, para confirmar la eficacia de Laseracupuntura.

Efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the practical efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)and its effects on hemodynamics in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.Methods:As a single-center randomized controlled study, 66 elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris treated at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between November 2021 and August 2022 were consecutively recruited.Participants were divided into an ultrasound group and a control group via the random number table method, with 33 in each group.Both groups were given conventional drug treatment, and the ultrasound group was supplemented with LIPUS treatment.After 20 sessions of treatment, the clinical efficacy, blood lipid levels, inflammatory factors and hemodynamics from noninvasive monitoring before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups( P>0.05). After treatment, marked effectiveness was seen in 12 cases(36.4%), effectiveness in 18 cases(54.5%), ineffectiveness in 2 cases(6.1%)and aggravation in 1 case(3%)in the ultrasound group, with a total effectiveness rate of 90.9 %.In the control group, marked effectiveness was seen 2 cases(6.1%), effectiveness in 19 cases(57.6%)and ineffectiveness in 9 cases(27.3%), with a total effectiveness rate of 63.6%.Statistically significant favorable results were achieved in the ultrasound treatment group, compared with the control group( P<0.05). Also, compared with the control group, patients in the ultrasound group showed lower total cholesterol[(2.31±1.03)mmol/L vs.(4.36±0.76)mmol/L, P<0.01], decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol[(1.24±0.70)mmol/L vs.(1.74±0.44)mmol/L, P<0.01], decreased triglycerides[(1.04±0.40)mmol/L vs.(1.28±0.49)mmol/L, P<0.05], decreased apolipoprotein B[(0.67±0.25)g/L vs.(0.90±0.14)g/L, P<0.01], decreased interleukin-6[(2.87±2.52)ng/L vs.(4.66±3.30)ng/L, P<0.05], and decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein[(1.04±1.41)mg/L vs.(3.80±5.78)mg/L, P<0.05]. Concerning hemodynamics, there was an increase in cardiac output[(4.92±1.05)L/min vs.(4.39±0.97)L/min, P<0.05], stroke volume[(75.85±17.50)ml/beat vs.(66.97±15.57)ml/beat, P<0.05], cardiac index[(37.50±7.14)ml·beat -1·m -2vs.(43.29±7.96)ml·beat -1·m -2, P<0.01], and stroke volume index[(3.05±0.45)L/min 2vs.(2.51±0.43)L/min 2, P<0.01], but a decrease in systemic vascular resistance[(1 358.29±325.23)dyne·s -1·cm -5vs.(1 617.94±526.27)dyne·s -1·cm -5, P<0.05], total vascular resistance[(4.07±24.30)% vs.(21.32±31.94)%, P<0.05], and average heart rate[(63.43±7.42)beats/min vs.(69.11±10.89)beats/min, P<0.05]. Conclusions:LIPUS treatment can improve symptoms, blood lipid profiles, inflammatory factors and hemodynamics in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.It is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.

Apoptosis-promoting effect of temozolomide loaded nanoparticles combined with low intensity focused ultrasound on human glioma cells / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To prepare liquid-gas phase modified nanoparticles (TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs) of perfluoropentane (PFP) and temozolomide (TMZ) encapsulated by polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), combined with low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, and to investigate its ultrasound imaging ability and intervention effect on human glioma cells in vitro.Methods:TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs were prepared by compound emulsion method. The basic physical and chemical properties and drug loading ability of TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs were detected. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in vitro and the effect of synergistic intervention with LIFU on the survival rate of glioma cells. The expression levels of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Results:Under transmission electron microscope, TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs showed a circular core-shell structure with regular morphology, particle size was (137.9±63.31)nm, encapsulation efficiency of TMZ was (83.01±5.57)%, drug loading was (3.19±0.22)%. The survival rate of U251 cells was still above 70% after 24 hours of co-incubation with nanoparticles. Under the synergistic effect of LIFU irradiation, the apoptosis of U251 cells was accelerated and the survival rate of U251 cells was significantly decreased. The results of Western blot showed that the synergic intervention could significantly down-regulate the expression of apoptosis related protein Bcl-2, and significantly up-regulate the expression of Bax protein and caspase-3 protein (all P<0.05). Conclusions:TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs have good basic physical and chemical properties. TMZ/PFP/PLGA NPs have low cytotoxicity in vitro while efficiently loading chemotherapeutic drug timozolomide. Synergistic intervention under LIFU irradiation can significantly accelerate the apoptosis of U251 glioma cells, which has a good application prospect.

Efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). 【Methods】 A total of 121 ED patients treated during June 2020 and June 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the International Erectile Index Score (IIEF-EF), the patients were divided into three subgroups:mild (17-25 points), moderate (11-16 points), and severe (0-10 points). The total effective rate, erectile hardness scale (EHS), sex life log questions (SEP), general assessment questionnaire (GAQ), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and adverse reactions of the three groups before treatment, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 119 patients completed the follow-up. There were significant increases in IIEF-EF and EHS at week 4 and 12 (P<0.05), and the total effective rate was 69.75% and 76.47%, respectively. The total effective rate was significantly higher in the mild and moderate groups than in the severe group at week 4 and 12 (P<0.05). The patients who answered "yes" to SEP2 and SEP3 accounted for 91.60% and 71.43%, respectively at week 4, and 92.44% and 78.15% at week 12, both significantly higher than the rates before treatment (52.10% and 27.73%, P<0.05). The proportion of patients who answered "yes" to GAQl and GAQ2 at week 4 were 84.87% and 71.43%, respectively, and were 82.35% and 70.59% respectively at week 12, with no significant difference. The PSV level significantly increased at week 12 compared to that before treatment [(48.85±14.11) cm/s vs. (41.42±14.90) cm/s] (P<0.05), while the EDV level significantly decreased [(-0.57±7.01) cm/s vs. (2.25± 5.68)cm/s] (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 LIPUS can improve erectile function in ED patients without obvious adverse reactions.

Photobiomodulation therapy assisted orthodontic tooth movement: potential implications, challenges, and new perspectives / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Over the past decade, dramatic progress has been made in dental research areas involving laser therapy. The photobiomodulatory effect of laser light regulates the behavior of periodontal tissues and promotes damaged tissues to heal faster. Additionally, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a non-invasive treatment, when applied in orthodontics, contributes to alleviating pain and reducing inflammation induced by orthodontic forces, along with improving tissue healing processes. Moreover, PBMT is attracting more attention as a possible approach to prevent the incidence of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) during orthodontic treatment (OT) due to its capacity to modulate inflammatory, apoptotic, and anti-antioxidant responses. However, a systematic review revealed that PBMT has only a moderate grade of evidence-based effectiveness during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in relation to OIIRR, casting doubt on its beneficial effects. In PBMT-assisted orthodontics, delivering sufficient energy to the tooth root to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to the exponential attenuation of light penetration in periodontal tissues. The penetration of light to the root surface is another crucial unknown factor. Both the penetration depth and distribution of light in periodontal tissues are unknown. Thus, advanced approaches specific to orthodontic application of PBMT need to be established to overcome these limitations. This review explores possibilities for improving the application and effectiveness of PBMT during OTM. The aim was to investigate the current evidence related to the underlying mechanisms of action of PBMT on various periodontal tissues and cells, with a special focus on immunomodulatory effects during OTM.

Comparing Arsenic-Containing Qinghuang Powder and Low-Intensity Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect of arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (QHP) and low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC) in treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (eAML) patients.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 80 eAML patients treated at Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment scheme was designed by real world study according to patients' preference, and patients were divided into a QHP group (35 cases) and a LIC group (45 cases). The median overall survival (mOS), 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates, and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The mOS of 80 patients was 11 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 45.51%, 17.96%, and 11.05%, respectively. The QHP and LIC groups demonstrated no significant difference in mOS (12 months vs. 10 months), 1- (48.57% vs. 39.65%), 2- (11.43% vs. 20.04%), and 3-year OS rates (5.71% vs. 13.27%, all P>0.05). Moreover, the related factors of mOS demonstrated no significant difference in patients with age>75 years (11 months vs. 8 months), secondary AML (11 months vs. 8 months), poor genetic prognosis (9 months vs. 7 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ⩾ 3 (10 months vs. 7 months) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index ⩾ 4 (11 months vs. 7 months) between the QHP and LIC groups (all P>0.05). However, the incidence of myelosuppression was significantly lower in the QHP group than that in the LIC group (28.57% vs. 73.33%, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#QHP and LIC had similar survival rates in eAML patients, but QHP had a lower myelosuppression incidence. Hence, QHP can be an alternative for eAML patients who do not tolerate LIC.

Fotobiomodulación con láser de baja intensidad en el tratamiento integral ortodóntico: reporte de un caso / Photobiomodulation with low intensity laser in comprehensive orthodontic treatment: report of a case

El apiñamiento dental es una maloclusión frecuen-te y junto con los requerimientos de estética dental son una causa habitual de la solicitud de tratamien-to ortodóncico. El tiempo que demanda y las moles-tias que pudiera ocasionar el tratamiento produce inquietud en los pacientes y un esfuerzo de los or-todoncistas para optimizar el tiempo y prevenir los efectos adversos. Los tratamientos odontológicos multidisciplinarios permiten una mejor respuesta estética, funcional y de estabilidad post tratamiento. El tiempo de alineación dentaria y finalización, en los pacientes tratados con láser de baja intensidad po-dría mejorar tanto los índices gingivales como la res-puesta al dolor. Adicionalmente, las corticales óseas de los pacientes con ortodoncia tratados con láser, podrían verse menos afectadas en comparación con las de los pacientes no tratados. Se presenta un caso de fotobioestimulación con láser de baja intensidad aplicado en un paciente en fase de alineación, que forma parte de un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado que se desarrolla en la FOUBA y fue aprobado por el comité de Ética de la institución. El paciente aceptó y firmó el consentimiento informado. Finalizada la etapa de alineación, se evaluó la efectividad de la te-rapia con láser de baja intensidad actualmente de-nominada fotobiomodulación en incisivos superiores en la fase de alineación para acelerar el movimiento dentario, la respuesta gingival, el dolor, el estado de la cortical alveolar vestibular y la estética del perfil (AU)

Dental crowding, which is a frequent malocclusion, and dental aesthetic requirements are a common cause for requesting orthodontic treatment. The time that the treatment requires and the inconvenience that it could cause worries the patient and makes orthodontists strive to optimize time and prevent adverse effects. Multidisciplinary treatments would allow a better aesthetic, functional and post-treatment stability response. The dental alignment and completion time in patients treated with low-intensity laser could improve both gingival indices and response to pain. Additionally, the bone cortical of orthodontic patients treated with laser could be less affected compared to those of untreated patients. A case of low-intensity laser photobiostimulation applied to a patient in the alignment phase is presented, which is part of a prospective randomized study carried out at FOUBA and was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. The patient accepted and signed the informed consent. After the alignment phase, the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy actually called photobiomodulation in upper incisors in the alignment phase is evaluated to accelerate tooth movement; the gingival response; the pain; the vestibular alveolar cortical and the aesthetics of the profile (AU)

Láser de baja intensidad como opción terapéutica en alteración sensitiva del nervio dentario inferior: reporte de un caso / Low level laser as a therapeutic option in sensitive alteration of the inferior dental nerve: report of a case

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con alte-ración de la sensibilidad, consecuente a la extracción de un tercer molar inferior retenido bajo el contexto de urgencia, resultando en la injuria del nervio denta-rio inferior. La cirugía fue realizada en el Servicio de Urgencias Odontológicas y Orientación de Pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA), en respuesta a la sintomatolo-gía dolorosa que venía presentando la paciente desde hacía tiempo, motivo por el cual concurre a la consul-ta. En este trabajo se exponen los parámetros utiliza-dos, las etapas evolutivas y los resultados obtenidos luego de un tratamiento con láser de diodo de baja intensidad, efectuado con equipamiento Woodpecker LX 16 Plus, realizado en el área de Unidad Láser de la Cátedra de Endodoncia de la FOUBA. El tratamiento fue aceptado por la paciente quien firmó el consen-timiento informado correspondiente. Se observó una pronta y favorable recuperación ante las aplicacio-nes de fotobiomodulación láser. En la sexta sesión, se pudo determinar que la recuperación sensitiva había sido completa. Asimismo, en este trabajo se hace mención a ciertos factores preventivos prequirúr-gicos a tener en cuenta para minimizar los riesgos de lesión nerviosa ante situaciones similares, tales como forma y posición de la pieza dentaria en la man-díbula, la importancia de los estudios imagenológicos como la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) y la técnica quirúrgica (AU)

A clinic case of a patient with alteration of sensitivity is presented, following an emergency extraction of a retained lower third molar, which resulted in the injury of the lower dental nerve. The surgery was performed at the Dental Emergency and Patient Orientation Service of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (FOUBA), in response to the painful symptomatology that the patient had been presenting for some time, reason for which the patient arrived to the clinic. This report presents the parameters used, the evolutionary stages and the results obtained after a treatment with low intensity diode laser, performed with Woodpecker LX 16 Plus equipment, carried out in the Laser Unit area of the Chair of Endodontics, FOUBA. The treatment was performed with the permission of the patient, who signed the corresponding informed consent. A prompt and favorable recovery was observed after photobiomodulatory applications. Completion of sensory recovery was determined during the six sessions. Furthermore, this work describes certain pre-surgical preventive factors to take into account to minimize the risks of nerve injury in similar situations, such as the shape and position of the tooth in the jaw, the importance of imaging studies such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the surgical technique (AU)

Desafios terapêuticos da mucosite oral em oncopediatria / Therapeutic challenges of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology

O Neuroblastoma (NB) é uma neoplasia do sistema nervoso simpático, e o segundo tumor sólido maligno extracraniano mais comum da infância. Na terapia antineoplásica, complicações orais podem ser observadas, dentre elas a mucosite oral (MO). Trata-se de uma inflamação aguda da mucosa, proveniente da toxicidade dos quimioterápicos. Este relato de caso enfatiza o manejo da MO, bem como sua influência na condição sistêmica e qualidade de vida. Paciente do sexo feminino, nove anos, apresentou recidiva de NB metastático, após tratamento de primeira linha. Admitida na unidade hospitalar para tratamento oncológico na enfermaria de pediatria oncológica, queixando-se de dor intensa em cavidade bucal e orofaringe, associada a pancitopenia severa febril. Ao exame físico apresentava disfagia e déficit ponderal grave, que debilitava a deglutição da própria saliva. O exame intraoral revelou lesões de MO grau 3, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em lábios, gengiva anterior e orofaringe. O tratamento consistiu em remoção de debris local, higiene da cavidade bucal com clorexidina 0,12% e utilizando haste flexível de algodão estéril tipo "Swab", visando controle microbiano local, diariamente. Além disso, foi aplicado no leito eritematoso e hemorrágico fotobiomodulação (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 segundos) pontualmente nas áreas do leito da lesão e em varredura na região de orofaringe (sessões intercaladas). Foi prescrito acetato de racealfatocoferol (vitamina E) para ação antioxidante e hidratação dos lábios. Concomitante a mucosite, a paciente apresentou pancitopenia febril severa, sendo necessário uso de cefepima 150 mg/kg/dia, com coleta prévia de hemoculturas, fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos, Fluconazol, hidratação e suporte nutricional. As hemoculturas foram negativas. As consequências da mucosite contribuíram para desnutrição e piora da qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a intervenção odontológica em interdisciplinaridade, possibilitou o restabelecimento físico e emocional, possibilitando melhor uma qualidade de vida da paciente (AU).

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasia of the sympathetic nervous system and the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in childhood. In antineoplastic therapy, oral complications can be observed in antineoplastic therapy, among them oral mucositis (OM). It is an acute mucosa inflammation resulting from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This case report emphasizes the management of OM and its influence on the systemic condition and quality of life. A female patient, nine years old, presented a recurrence of metastatic NB after first-line treatment. She was admitted to the hospital unit for oncological therapy in the pediatric oncology ward, complaining of severe pain in the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with severe febrile pancytopenia. On physical examination, she presented dysphagia and severe weight deficit, which weakened the swallowing of her saliva. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the intraoral exam revealed third-grade OM lesions on the lips, anterior gum, and oropharynx. Treatment consisted of removing local debris, cleaning the oral cavity with 0.12% chlorhexidine, and using a flexible, sterile cotton swab, aiming for daily local microbial control. In addition, photobiomodulation (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 seconds) was applied to the erythematous and hemorrhagic bed, punctually in the areas of the lesion and sweeps in the oropharynx region (interspersed sessions). Racealphatocopherol acetate (vitamin E) was prescribed for antioxidant action and lip hydration. Concomitant with mucositis, the patient had severe febrile pancytopenia, requiring cefepime 150 mg/kg/day, with previous collection of blood cultures, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fluconazole, hydration, and nutritional support. Blood cultures were negative. The consequences of mucositis contributed to malnutrition and worsened quality of life. It is concluded that the interdisciplinary dental intervention enabled physical and emotional restoration, enabling a better quality of life for the patient (AU).

Elaboração e implantação de protocolo de infiltração e extravasamento de antineoplásicos em acesso venoso central / Elaboración e implementación de un protocolo para la infiltración y extravación de antineoplásicos en el acceso venoso central / Elaboration and implementation of a protocol for infiltration and extravassion of antineoplastics in central venous access

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência na elaboração e implantação do protocolo de extravasamento e infiltração de antineoplásicos em acesso venoso central. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência realizado de fevereiro a maio de 2021. Resultados: Após a busca de evidências na literatura, foi elaborado um fluxograma referente aos cuidados de enfermagem realizados durante e após o extravasamento/infiltração. Além das medidas iniciais padronizou-se o uso da hialuronidase tópica e da fotobiomodulação (1 a 3 joules, com potência de 100 miliwats). A área deveria ser demarcada e se possível fotografada. Após a validação do protocolo por um grupo de enfermeiros especialistas e pelo escritório de qualidade, foi implantado em um Ambulatório de Oncologia de Hospital Público do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Conclusão: Apesar de raro, o extravasamento em acesso central pode acontecer e a equipe precisa de um protocolo assistencial para padronizar a conduta e garantir o sucesso da terapêutica.(AU)

Objective: To report the experience in the elaboration and implementation of the protocol for extravasation and infiltration of anticancer drugs in central venous access. Method: descriptive study, experience report type carried out from February to May 2021. Results: After searching for evidence in the literature, a flowchart was created referring to the nursing care performed during and after the extravasation/infiltration. In addition to the initial measurements, the use of topical hyaluronidase and photobiomodulation (1 to 3 joules, with a potency of 100 milliwatts) was standardized. The area should be demarcated and, if possible, photographed. After validation of the protocol by a group of specialist nurses and by the quality office, it was implemented in an Oncology Outpatient Clinic of a Public Hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Conclusion: Although rare, extravasation in central access can happen and the team needs a care protocol to standardize the conduct and ensure the success of the therapy.(AU)

Objetivo: Informar la experiencia en la elaboración e implementación del protocolo de extravasación e infiltración de fármacos antineoplásicos en acceso venoso central. Método: estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia realizado de febrero a mayo de 2021. Resultados: Después de la búsqueda de evidencias en la literatura, se elaboró un diagrama de flujo sobre los cuidados de enfermería realizados durante y después de la extravasación/infiltración. Además de las mediciones iniciales, se estandarizó el uso de hialuronidasa tópica y fotobiomodulación (1 a 3 julios, con una potencia de 100 milivatios). El área debe ser delimitada y, si es posible, fotografiada. Después de la validación del protocolo por un grupo de enfermeros especialistas y por la oficina de calidad, fue implantado en un Ambulatorio de Oncología de un Hospital Público del interior del Estado de São Paulo. Conclusión: aunque rara, la extravasación en el acceso central puede ocurrir y el equipo necesita un protocolo de atención para estandarizar la conducta y garantizar el éxito de la terapia.(AU)

Effect of low intensity ultra sound on bone regeneration and healing: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: Low Intensity Pulsed Ultra Sound (LIPUS) is found to have stimulatory effect on bone healing and regeneration. This review aimed to assess whether LIPUS enhances bone regeneration and healing in terms of efficiency in improving clinical, radiographic, histologic parameters or serum and tissue biomarkers. Methods: A comprehensive search based on PRISMA guidelines with pre-determined eligibility criteria was conducted to identify randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating effectiveness of Low intensity pulsed ultrasound in bone regeneration and healing. The title and abstract of the entries in all languages yielded from the PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane library were screened. Results: 14 eligible Randomized controlled trials testing the effectiveness of LIPUS was evaluated. More heterogeneity was seen in the screened studies with respect to sample characteristics, type of bone and outcome measures. The studies that screened histological parameters state that LIPUS is significantly beneficial than control. In terms of time for radiographic union, most of the studies stated that LIPUS was more effective than control but numberof studies are very few. Whereas studies which evaluated parameters such as healing time and radiographic union were showing highly inconsistent results regarding effectiveness of LIPUS. Conclusion: This review cannot give a definitive conclusion that LIPUS is effective in bone healing with respect to clinical parameters but a positive influence on radiographical and histological parameters in bone healing and regeneration is promising to pursue future research.

Training intensity distribution on running time in amateur endurance runners: a scoping review / Distribución de intensidades de entrenamiento sobre el tiempo de carrera en corredores recreativos de resistencia: revisión de alcance

Problem: Intensity in endurance training is important for improving race time; its optimal handling in amateur runners has not been extensively studied. The polarized training intensity distribution (TID) model emerges as a possibility to reduce race time; however, effect of this model remains to be demonstrated compared to other TID models. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the current state of the evidence and its the gaps, according to the effect of the polarized TID model on race time in amateur runners compared to other TID models. Method: A scoping review without date restrictions was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled studies, quasi-experimental studies, and case studies, which comprise polarized TID model in amateur runners on race time, were include. Results: Five studies evaluated the effect on running time using the polarized TID model compared to other models in amateur runners; four of them did not show differences between groups in the race times in two, five, and ten km. Only one study showed significant diferences in the race time at 21 km. Conclusions: The model with polarized TID did not show significant differences in race time compared to other models, except for a case report in which the polarized TID was higher by 21 km compared to the threshold TID: 1 hour. 20 min. 22 seconds and 1 hour. 26 min. 34s, respectively. The scarce evidence found, the heterogeneity in the distances in the evaluated race time, the distribution of zones in the same TID, the duration of the interventions, and the monitoring of the loads, are the main limitations found in the studies. The polarized TID could contribute to adherence, lower perception of effort, and injury prevention. However, this must be tested in future studies.

Problema: La intensidad en el entrenamiento de la resistencia es importante para mejorar el tiempo de carrera; su manipulación óptima en corredores recreativos no ha sido estudiada ampliamente. El modelo de distribución de intensidad del entrenamiento (DIE) polarizado emerge como posibilidad para reducir el tiempo de carrera. Sin embargo, falta demostrar su efecto comparado con otros modelos de DIE. Objetivo: Explorar el estado actual de la evidencia científica y sus vacíos respecto al efecto del modelo de DIE polarizado sobre el tiempo de carrera en corredores recreativos, en comparación con otros modelos de DIE. Método: Se realizó una revisión de alcance sin restricción de fechas en PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios controlados aleatorios, estudios cuasiexperimentales y estudios de caso, que tuvieran como DIE el modelo polarizado en corredores recreativos sobre el tiempo de carrera. Resultados: Cinco estudios evaluaron el efecto en el tiempo de carrera usando el modelo de DIE polarizado comparado con otros modelos en corredores recreativos; cuatro de ellos no mostraron diferencias entre grupos en los tiempos de carrera en dos, cinco y diez km. Solo un estudio mostró diferencias significativas en el tiempo de carrera en 21 km. Conclusiones: El modelo con DIE polarizado no mostró diferencias significativas en el tiempo de carrera comparado con otros modelos, a excepción de un reporte de caso en el cual la DIE polarizado fue superior en 21 km comparado la DIE umbral: 1 hora. 20 min. 22 s y 1 hora. 26 min. 34 s, respectivamente. La escasa evidencia encontrada, la heterogeneidad en las distancias en el tiempo de carrera evaluado, la distribución de zonas en una misma DIE, la duración de las intervenciones y la monitorización de las cargas son las principales limitaciones encontradas en los estudios. La DIE polarizado podría contribuir a la adherencia, a una menor percepción del esfuerzo y a la prevención de lesiones. No obstante, esto debe ser probado en estudios futuros.

Cross-sectional associations between replacing sedentary behavior with physical activity by accelerometer-measured and depression in frail older adults: An Isotemporal Substitution approach / 体力科学

The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of replacing accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity (PA) and depression in a sample of Japanese frail older adults using an Isotemporal Substitution (IS) model. Among 139 frail older adults, accelerometer was utilized to identify the daily average time spent in SB, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA). Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version-Japanese (GDS-S-J). The relationship between SB, LPA, and MVPA with depression was examined with three models of multiple regression analysis: single factor model, partition model, and IS model. As results, LPA times was negatively associated with GDS-S-J scores in the single factor model (B = -0.09, p = 0.007) and the partition model (B = -0.13, p < 0.001). In the IS model, replacement of 10 minutes of SB with an equal amount of LPA time showed a significant negative association with GDS-S-J scores (B = -0.09, p=0.003). These results suggest that replacing a small amount of SB with LPA may be associated with an improvement in depression in frail older adults.

Efficacy and possible mechanism study of low-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for neuropathic pain in mice / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To study the efficacy of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) on neuropathic pain (NP) in mice, and its effect on the activation of astrocytes and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were discussed.Methods:Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (Sham) group and chroinc constriction injury (CCI) model group and treatment (CCI+ LIFU) group, 12 mice in each group.NP model was established by CCI on the sciatic nerve. The group of CCI+ LIFU received LIFU treatment for the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on the 7th day after surgery, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) on the affected side of mice was measured at preoperation 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 27 days after operation, respectively, H&E staining was used to observe pathological morphological changes in the ACC region, the expression levels of ACC region AQP4 and GFAP protein were detected by Western Blot and immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of ACC region pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorption assay.Results:Compared with Sham group, MWT in the CCI group decreased from the 3rd day until the 27th day after surgery( P<0.05); Compared with the CCI group, the MWT in the CCI+ LIFU group increased on the 24th day after surgery, and was significantly higher than that of the CCI group on the 24th and 27th day after surgery ( P<0.05); LIFU stimulation did not produce significant pathological changes in the ACC region; Western Blot and immunofluorescence showed that AQP4 and GFAP protein expression in the ACC region were upregulated ( P<0.05) after peripheral nerve injury, while AQP4 and GFAP protein expression was downregulated after LIFU treatment ( P<0.05); Enzyme-linked immunosorbents showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the region of ACC was upregulated ( P<0.05) after peripheral nerve injury, while the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was downregulated after LIFU treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:LIFU can effectively relieve mechanical pain sensitivity symptoms in mice induced by CCI, possibly by inhibiting activation of astrocytes and neuro-inflammatory responses.