Trauma Eléctrico / Electrical trauma

El trauma eléctrico puede ocurrir por contacto con un cable eléctricamente activo o con un rayo, clasificándose elmismo en lesiones por bajo voltaje para aquellas de menos de 1000V y lesiones por alto voltaje para aquellas demás de 1000V. Posee una incidencia poco despreciable siendo una causa frecuente de lesión por un fenómenonatural. Diferentes factores entre ellos el tipo de corriente, la resistencia de los tejidos, la duración del contacto,el voltaje, y los factores ambientales definen la gravedad y extensión de las lesiones que produce. Los tejidosafectados con mayor frecuencia son los nervios, vasos, hueso, músculo y piel siendo prevalentes las quemaduras,arritmias, parestesias y otros daños a los sistemas nervioso y cardiovascular. A pesar de tener una mortalidadbaja, la lesión difusa causada por el trauma eléctrico deriva en una importante cantidad de secuelas a cortoy largo plazo que se presenta en un alto porcentaje de los sobrevivientes y que, debido a su sintomatologíainespecífica podría resultar difícil de identificar y diagnosticar.

Electric trauma can occur by contact with an active electric wire or a lightning, being classified in low-voltage injuriesfor those under 1000V and high- voltage injuries for those over 1000V. It has a little despicable incidence beinga frequent cause of injury from a natural phenomenon. Different factors including the type of current, resistanceof the tissues, duration of contact, voltage, and environmental factors determine the severity and extent of theinjuries that it produces. The tissues most commonly affected are the nerves, vessels, bones, muscle and skin beingprevalent the burns, arrhythmias, paresthesia, and other damages to the nervous and cardiovascular systems.Despite having a low mortality, diffuse injury caused by electric trauma results in an important amount of short andlong-term sequelae that occurs in a high percentage of the survivors, and because of its non-specific symptoms maybe difficult to identify and diagnose.

Resultados en el manejo de quemaduras eléctricas en un hospital de tercer nivel / Results in the management of electrical burns at a third level health care hospital

Objetivo: Demostrar si existe diferencia en los resultados del manejo de pacientes con quemaduras por electricidad de alto y bajo voltaje en el Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara y comparar nuestros resultados con lo publicado en la literatura. Sede: Antiguo Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'' (tercer nivel de atención). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Análisis estadístico: Para el análisis de variables no paramétricas se utilizó la prueba de χ² y para variables paramétricas la prueba t de Student, considerando estadísticamente significativo un valor de p ≤ a 0.05. Pacientes y métodos: Pacientes con quemaduras por electricidad en el periodo del 1 de enero del 2010 al 31 de diciembre del 2010. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con quemaduras por electricidad y se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo I, pacientes con quemaduras por alto voltaje y grupo II, pacientes con quemaduras de bajo voltaje. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, ocupación, estado civil, tipo de quemadura (alto o bajo voltaje), sitio de entrada, sitio de salida, tiempo entre la lesión y la llegada a urgencias, porcentaje de superficie corporal quemada, tratamiento establecido, volumen urinario, mioglobinuria, procedimientos quirúrgicos, días de estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 22 pacientes adultos, 19 hombres y 3 mujeres. El grupo I incluyó 8 pacientes y el grupo II 14 pacientes. Todos los pacientes llegaron al servicio de urgencias dentro de las primeras 24 horas posteriores al accidente. Los pacientes con quemaduras por alto voltaje presentaron mayor estancia hospitalaria (p 0.0035). Se presentó únicamente una muerte, perteneciente al grupo I. Conclusión: Las quemaduras por alto voltaje confieren mayor morbimortalidad y mayor estancia hospitalaria.

Objective: To demonstrate whether there is a difference in the results of handling patients with high or low voltage-induced burns treated at the Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara and to compare our results with those in the literature. Setting: Antiguo Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'' (third level health care hospital). Design: Descriptive, retrospective study. Statistical analysis: χ2 square test was used for non-parametric variables and Student's t test was used for parametric variables. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ than 0.05. Patients and methods: Patients with electrical burns cared for from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. All patients with electrical burns were included and were divided in two groups: group I, those with high voltage burns, and group II those with low voltage burns. Variables studied were: age, sex, occupation, civil status, type of burn (high or low voltage), entrance site, exit site, time elapsed between injury and arrival to the emergency care, percentage of burnt body surface, established treatment, urinary volume, myoglobinuria, surgical procedures, days of in-hospital stay, and mortality. Results: A total of 22 adult patients were included, 19 men and 3 women. Group I consisted of 8 patients and group II of 14 patients. All patients arrived at the emergency ward within the first 24 hours after the accident. Patients with high-voltage burns had longer in-hospital stays (p 0.0035). There was only one death, pertaining to group I. Conclusion: High voltage burns lead to greater morbidity and mortality, and to a longer in-hospital stay.

Research on arc erosion of silver-based alloy contact materials under low voltage, resistive load and small current at 400 Hz and 50 Hz / 药物分析学报

By using a self-developed IF power and a ASTM contact material experimental system of small-capacity and variable frequency, the value of arcing characteristics and the welding force of the silver-based contact material are acquired under low voltage, resistive load and small current at 400 Hz and 50 Hz. By means of an electricity-ray analytical balance, SEM and EDAX, the weighing values of the contact materials and the changes of AgCdO, AgNi, AgC and AgW contact material surface profile and micro-area constituent are obtained and analyzed. The arc erosion causes of silver-based alloy contact materials at 400 Hz and 50 Hz are also discussed.

Research on arc erosion of silver-based alloy contact materials under low voltage, resistive load and small current at 400 Hz and 50 Hz / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

By using a self-developed IF power and a ASTM contact material experimental system of small-capacity and variable frequency, the value of arcing characteristics and the welding force of the silver-based contact material are acquired under low voltage, resistive load and small current at 400 Hz and 50 Hz. By means of an electricity-ray analytical balance, SEM and EDAX, the weighing values of the contact materials and the changes of AgCdO, AgNi, AgC and AgW contact material surface profile and micro-area constituent are obtained and analyzed. The arc erosion causes of silver-based alloy contact materials at 400 Hz and 50 Hz are also discussed.

Delayed Spinal Cord Injury Following Low Voltage Electrical Accident

Although the prediction of a delayed spinal cord injury after a low voltage electrical accident is difficult, we present a young paraplegic man who had delayed spinal cord injury after a low voltage electrical accident while working. Because the passage of an electric current is variable, the tissues far distant from the point of entry may be damaged, including the spinal cord. Low voltage itself is not a safe.

Power supply design for semiconductor chilling plate / 医疗卫生装备

When semiconductor chilling plate is used in parallel connection mode,a DC power supply with a low voltage and high current has to be available.A power supply of 1.8V,14A is designed to meet above demand.