Avaliação da proporção facial vertical: relação entre as alturas tegumentar e esquelética / Evaluation of facial proportions in the vertical plane to investigate the relationship between skeletal and soft tissue dimensions

OBJETIVO: determinar a relação entre as alturas faciais obtidas na avaliação do tegumento e do esqueleto subjacente, na análise da proporção facial vertical, na região anterior. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 24 radiografias cefalométricas de perfil e 48 fotografias da face, sendo 24 de perfil e 24 frontais, pertencentes a 24 indivíduos brasileiros, 7 do sexo masculino e 17 do feminino, na faixa etária de 19 a 38 anos. Foram realizados traçados cefalométricos e, sobre esses, obtidas medidas lineares, segundo as análises preconizadas por Schudy, Wylie e Johnson e Thompson e Brodie. Sobre as fotografias faciais, foram demarcados os pontos glabela, subnasal e mento, o que permitiu a medição das distâncias lineares entre os mesmos. Os dados obtidos foram, então, tratados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: encontrou-se correlação positiva entre as avaliações do tegumento e do esqueleto subjacente, com base nas análises de Schudy (r=0,619, p<0,001), Wylie e Johnson (r=0,595, p<0,002) e Thompson e Brodie (r=0,630, p<0,001), embora, individualmente, algumas discordâncias tenham sido identificadas, devido à variabilidade em espessura nos tecidos moles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between facial heights by evaluating the soft tissues and underlying skeleton and by analyzing vertical facial proportions in the anterior region. METHODS: The study used 24 lateral cephalometric x-rays and 48 photographs of the face, 24 in profile view and 24 in front view, belonging to 24 Brazilian individuals, 7 men and 17 women whose ages ranged from 19 to 38 years. Cephalometric tracings were performed and linear measurements obtained according to the analyses suggested by Schudy, Wylie & Johnson, and Thompson & Brodie. The anatomical landmarks glabella, subnasal and menton were identified on the photographs, which allowed the measurement of linear distances between these points. The data were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A positive correlation was found between evaluations of the soft tissues and underlying skeleton based on the analyses advanced by Schudy (r=0.619, p<0.001), Wylie & Johnson (r=0.595, p<0.002) and Thompson & Brodie (r=0.630, p<0.001), although, individually, some discrepancies were identified due to variability in soft tissue thickness.

Changes in Tongue Position, Airway Width, Gonial Angle, Lower Facial Height after Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy in Mandibular Prognathic Patients

INTRODUCTION: In patients with mandibular prognathism, Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy(BSSRO) combined with orthodontic treatment reduces oral volume and influences tongue and other surrounding tissues. Purpose of this study was to analyze post-operative tongue position and airway dimension, as well as mandibular changes in vertical, horizontal, and angular dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Height of dorsum of tongue, width of airway, gonial angle and lower facial height of mandibular prognathic patients who visited Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2006 were anaylzed via pre-operative and post-operative cephalograms. T-test was used to compare pre-operative and post-operative measurements. Also, correlations among pre-operative measurements of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was shown between ANS-Xi-PM area and location of dorsum of tongue in pre-operative patients. A significant superior movement of tongue and decrease of airway width was observed in post-operative patients. Also the upper gonial angle decreased significantly.

Treatment effect of face mask therapy for Class III malocclusion patients according to low facial morphology / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: Improvements in jaw relationship through clockwise rotation of the mandible may be desirable in some Class III patients with short low facial height. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment effect of face mask for Class III malocclusion patients according to their low facial morphology. METHODS: Class III patients in their pubertal growth period were divided into two groups (Group 1, high LFH; Group 2, low LFH) according to lower facial height (LFH) by Ricketts (norm, 47). Treatment changes between groups after face mask treatment was compared not only for hard tissue but also for soft tissue. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups for the skeletal and soft tissues of the maxilla. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the skeletal posterior movement of the mandible, but posterior movement of the mandibular soft tissues in group 2 was larger than group 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the vertical hard tissue proportion changes of the mandible, but the vertical soft tissue proportion changes of the mandible in group 2 was larger than group 1. There was a significant correlation between the sagittal hard tissue and soft tissue changes of the maxilla and mandible, but there was no significant difference in the vertical changes. CONCLUSION: The clockwise rotation of the mandible occurred from use of the face mask, and posterior movement of soft tissues of the mandible was higher in Cl III patients with low LFH than with high LFH.

Level of perception related to changes in lower facial height / 대한치과교정학회지

Understanding the level of a person's perception of changes that have occurred on the face after orthodontic treatment is critical to the process of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of perception of profile and frontal changes in lower facial height. Forty students attending art school participated in a study evaluating the level of a participant's perception of changes in the lower facial height. Participants compared computer-graphic frontal and profile photographs with balanced proportions and photograph simulations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm changes in lower facial height from stomion to the chin. At least a 2 mm change in lower facial height for the profile view and 3 mm in the frontal view was needed to be perceived after orthodontic treatment. The level of a person's perception of the change in lower facial height was more sensitive in the profile view than in the frontal view, and information about facial changes given prior to evaluation enhanced the level of perception.

A study on the pattern of skeletal change following cervical headgear therapy in growing children / 대한치과교정학회지

This study was to investigate the horizontal & vertical bone change pattern when using cervical headgear in Class II malocclusion of growing children and compared the skeletal features between the group with increased lower facial height and the group without increase in lower facial height. The results are as follows; 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited, downward tipping of anterior palatal plane could be seen and distal movement of maxillary first molar was observed. 2. There was relative forward movement of Mandible against the Maxillary cranial base, and relative forward movement of mandibular 1st molar against the Maxilla and vertical increase due to alveolar growth of Mandible. 3. There was significant increase in anterior and posterior facial heights but the ratio of facial height showed no significant difference. 4. The group with increased lower facial height has shorter ramus length, than the smaller palatal plane angle, and more distal movement of Maxillary 1st molar than the group without increase Ha-young Hyun.