A Case of Recurrent External Ophthalmomyiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata Meigen in a Healthy Patient

PURPOSE: To report a case of recurrent external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Lucilia sericata Meigen in a healthy patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 72-year-old male, who was diagnosed 7 months earlier with ophthalmomyiasis and obtained permanent relief by surgical treatment, presented with severe tearing, redness, foreign body sensation, pain in both eyes and aural discomfort in the left ear. On presentation, visual acuity in both eyes was hand movement. On slit lamp examination, total corneal epithelial defect with stromal infiltrations was observed. However, there were no motile organisms in his eyes due to previous removal of maggots at a local clinic. On physical examination, eschar change was observed at the inferomedial area of the left lower eyelid. On otorhinolaryngological examination, several motile organisms with tympanic membrane perforation were observed in the left external acoustic meatus. The patient was treated with topical antibiotic eye drops hourly with systemic antibiotics, and 6 larvae were removed from the external acoustic meatus using otoscopy. Microscopic findings of the removed larvae revealed L. sericata in their third stage of development. After 1 month, corneal epithelial defect and stromal infiltration improved. However, visual acuity in both eyes was 0.1 due to remaining stromal opacities. CONCLUSIONS: In a healthy patient without any predisposing factors, recurrent ophthalmomyiasis accompanied with aural myiasis can develop under poor hygiene conditions.

Canine Wound Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea

Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6–8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.

Evaluación de la actividad antibacterial de los extractos de cuerpos grasos y hemolinfa derivados de la mosca Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) / Assessment of antibacterial activity by fat bodies extracts and hemolymph derived from the blowfly Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Objetivo: Evaluar, en condiciones in vitro , la actividad antibacterial de los extractos de cuerpos grasos y de la hemolinfa de larvas de tercer estadio de Sarconesiopsis magellanica , la cual se comparó con los efectos obtenidos de las mismas sustancias derivadas de Lucilia sericata . S. magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) es una mosca de importancia principalmente forense, utilizada en la determinación del intervalo post mortem . Por sus hábitos necrófagos, es considerada un modelo potencialmente útil en terapia larval. Material y métodos: Se extrajeron los cuerpos grasos de las larvas mediante la técnica de disección corporal y la hemolinfa se obtuvo mediante decapitación y centrifugación de los especímenes larvales. Las bacterias evaluadas fueron Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Los métodos utilizados para evaluar la actividad antibacterial fueron difusión en agar y unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). Resultados: Después de la correspondiente incubación, los resultados generales mostraron que la actividad antibacterial de la hemolinfa y de los cuerpos grasos, tanto de L. sericata como de S. magellanica , fueron efectivos contra S. aureus y P. aeruginosa sin diferencias significativas entre las especies de moscas, aunque con algunas diferencias entre las cepas bacterianas. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que estas sustancias podrían tener un efecto similar en el tratamiento de heridas infectadas contra los microorganismos evaluados.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of fat body and hemolymph extracts from Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) third-instar larvae, compared to the effect obtained using the same extracts but derived from Lucilia sericata . S. magellanica blowflies are considered important in forensic sciences due to their usefulness in determining the post mortem interval. This blowfly could be useful in larval therapy due to its necrophagous habits. Materials and methods: Fat body from larvae was removed by dissection, and hemolymph via decapitation and centrifugation of larval specimens. The antibacterial effect was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using two methods: agar diffusion and colony forming units (CFU/mL). Results: Hemolymph and fat body extracts derived from both L. sericata and S. magellanica were effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa , with no significant differences between blowfly species, although with some differences between the bacterial strains. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that S. magellanica and L. sericata fat body and hemolymph extracts might have a similar antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms when used to treat infected wounds.

Traumatic Myiasis Caused by an Association of Sarcophaga tibialis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a Domestic Cat in Italy

We describe here a rare case of traumatic myiasis occurred in August 2014, caused by an association of 2 Diptera species, Sarcophaga tibialis Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in a domestic cat in northern Italy. Species identification was based on adult male morphology. The present case is the first report of S. tibialis as an agent of myiasis in Italy, and also the first ever report of myiasis caused by an association of S. tibialis and L. sericata. The cat developed an extensive traumatic myiasis in a large wound on the rump, which was treated pharmacologically and surgically. The biology, ecology, and distribution of S. tibialis and L. sericata are also discussed. A literature review is provided on cases of myiasis caused by S. tibialis, and cases of myiasis by L. sericata involving cats worldwide and humans and animals in Italy.

Antibacterial properties of lucifensin in Lucilia sericata maggots after septic injury

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial properties of lucifensin in maggots of Lucilia sericata after septic injury. Methods: In our preliminary study we have shown that injuring the maggots with a needle soaked in lipopolysaccharide solution induced within 24 h lucifensin expression in the fat body and in the grease coupler of the salivary glands. It is assumed that lucifensin is secreted solely from this tissue into the haemolymph (similar to other insect defensins) and not into secreted/excreted products. We used high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation and radial diffusion assay to investigate the antibacterial properties of haemolymph extracted from larvae after septic injury. Results: After septic injury, production of lucifensin in the haemolymph is increased. This led to higher antibacterial activity of such haemolymph in comparison to non-stimulated larvae. Coclusions: These results suggest that beside the previously demonstrated role of lucifensin in the debridement therapy, lucifensin is simultaneously important as a part of the systematic immune response.

Antibacterial properties of lucifensin in Lucilia sericata maggots after septic injury

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial properties of lucifensin in maggots of Lucilia sericata after septic injury. Methods: In our preliminary study we have shown that injuring the maggots with a needle soaked in lipopolysaccharide solution induced within 24 h lucifensin expression in the fat body and in the grease coupler of the salivary glands. It is assumed that lucifensin is secreted solely from this tissue into the haemolymph (similar to other insect defensins) and not into secreted/excreted products. We used high‐performance liquid chromatography fractionation and radial diffusion assay to investigate the antibacterial properties of haemolymph extracted from larvae after septic injury. Results:After septic injury, production of lucifensin in the haemolymph is increased. This led to higher antibacterial activity of such haemolymph in comparison to non-stimulated larvae. Coclusions: These results suggest that beside the previously demonstrated role of lucifensin in the debridement therapy, lucifensin is simultaneously important as a part of the systematic immune response.

Antibacterial properties of lucifensin in Lucilia sericata maggots after septic injury

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antibacterial properties of lucifensin in maggots of Lucilia sericata after septic injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In our preliminary study we have shown that injuring the maggots with a needle soaked in lipopolysaccharide solution induced within 24 h lucifensin expression in the fat body and in the grease coupler of the salivary glands. It is assumed that lucifensin is secreted solely from this tissue into the haemolymph (similar to other insect defensins) and not into secreted/excreted products. We used high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation and radial diffusion assay to investigate the antibacterial properties of haemolymph extracted from larvae after septic injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After septic injury, production of lucifensin in the haemolymph is increased. This led to higher antibacterial activity of such haemolymph in comparison to non-stimulated larvae.</p><p><b>COCLUSIONS</b>These results suggest that beside the previously demonstrated role of lucifensin in the debridement therapy, lucifensin is simultaneously important as a part of the systematic immune response.</p>

Cutaneous Wound Myiasis in a Missing Old Woman / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Case of Oral Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea

We report here a case of oral myiasis in the Republic of Korea. The patient was a 37-year-old man with a 30-year history of Becker's muscular dystrophy. He was intubated due to dyspnea 8 days prior to admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). A few hours after the ICU admission, 43 fly larvae were found during suction of the oral cavity. All maggots were identified as the third instars of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by morphology. We discussed on the characteristics of myiasis acquired in Korea, including the infection risk and predisposing factors.

Laboratory colonization of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Caliphoridae) strain from Hashtgerd, Iran.

Background & objectives: The treatment of wounds with live green bottle fly larvae is receiving considerable attention in many countries. Laboratory rearing of Lucilia sericata is crucially important for the treatment of wounds. Study design: The study was carried out for mass rearing of green bottle flies from April to November 2010. Hand catch and net trap baited with beef and cattle liver were used to collect adult flies from the field. The collected samples were placed in appropriately labeled tubes and sent to the laboratory. Adult stage flies reared in the insectary were used for species identification using specific keys. Results: A total of 89 flies (55 females and 34 males) were collected from Hashtgerd area. In the first generation, 299 flies were produced in the laboratory including 105 (35.12%) males, and 194 (64.88%) females. The female/ male sex ratio was 1.61 for parents, whereas it was 1.84, 1.30 for F1 and F2 generations respectively. In total, 432 flies were reared in F3 generation including 173 (40.04%) males, and 259 (59.96%) females, and the sex ratio was 1.49. Conclusion: Setting up the mass rearing of sheep blowfly at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences is an important step in producing candidate flies for the treatment of myiasis by maggot therapy in future.

Caracterización citogenética de lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: calliphoridae), Cepa Bogotá, Colombia / Cytogenetic characterization of lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (diptera: calliphoridae), Bogotá-Colombia strain / Caracterização citogenética de lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (diptera: calliphoridae), cepa Bogotá, Colômbia

Introducción: Lucilia sericata es una especie de importancia médica y forense, utilizada en terapia larval para curar heridas crónicas y en estudios médico-legales empleada en la estimación del intervalo post mórtem y el traslado de cadáveres. No existen registros de las características citogenéticas de esta mosca en el neotrópico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue identificar las características morfométricas cromosómicas y las estructuras primarias del cariotipo, a partir de especímenes de L. sericata de la cepa Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se tomaron huevos embrionados, que fueron previamente esterilizados en su superficie, se maceraron y luego fueron sembrados en el medio de cultivo L-15, suplementado con 20% de SFB, e incubados a una temperatura de 28 °C, sin atmosfera de C0(2). La preparación de los cromosomas se obtuvo de monocapas celulares semiconfluentes, empleando diversas soluciones: antimitótica (Colchicina), hipotónica (KCl 0,075 M) y fijadora (Carnoy: metanol y ácido acético; 3:1). Se llevó a cabo la técnica de bandeo C para la identificación de regiones cromosómicas de heterocromatina constitutiva. Resultados: Se obtuvieron parámetros morfométricos de cada par cromosómico. El número diploide del cariotipo obtenido de los cultivos celulares fue 2n = 12; éstos se clasificaron morfológicamente, de acuerdo con patrones previamente establecidos, así: los pares I, II, IV y V fueron metacéntricos, y el par III fue submetacéntrico. A su vez, el par sexual fue heteromórfico, siendo el cromosoma X metacéntrico y el cromosoma Y submetacéntrico. El bandeo C fue positivo para todos los pares cromosómicos. Conclusiones: Se establecieron las características citogenéticas de L. sericata, cepa Bogotá, Colombia, relacionadas con número, forma, tamaño, posición del centrómero y regiones heterocromáticas de los cromosomas.

Objective: Lucilia sericata is an important species for medical and forensic purposes, it is used in maggot therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds and in medical-legal studies for establishing the post-mortem interval and the transfer of corpses. Currently there are no records of the cytogenetic characteristics of this fly in Neotropical region. The main objective of this study was to identify morphometric characteristics and primary structures from karyotype of L. sericata strain Bogota, Colombia. Methods and materials: Embryonated eggs were taken, which were previously surface sterilized, macerated and then seeded in L-15 medium culture, supplemented with 20% FBS and incubated at 28 °C, without C0(2) atmosphere. The preparation of chromosomes was obtained from semiconfluent monolayers, pretreated with various solutions: antimitotic (Colchicine), hypotonic (KCl 0.075 M) and fixative (Carnoy, methanol and acetic acid, 3:1). C-banding technique was carried out to identify chromosomal regions of constitutive heterochromatin. Results: Morphometric parameters were obtained from each pair of chromosomes. The diploid karyotype number obtained from cell cultures was 2n = 12; they were classified morphologically, according to patterns established previously, as follows: pairs I, II, IV and V were metacentric and pair III was submetacentric. On the other hand, the sexual pair was heteromorphic, being X chromosome metacentric and Y chromosome submetacentric. C banding was positive for all chromosome pairs. Conclusions: The cytogenetic characteristics of L. sericata, strain Bogotá, were established according to number, shape, centromer position and heterochromatic regions.

Introdução: Lucilia sericata é uma espécie de importência médica e forense, utilizada em terapia larval para curar feridas crônicas e em estudos médico-legais empregada na estimação do intervalo post morteme o traslado de cadáveres. Não existem registros das características citogéneticas desta mosca no neotrópico. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar as características morfométricas cromossômicas e as estruturas primárias do cariótipo, a partir de especímenes de L. sericata da cepa Bogotá, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Tomaram-se ovos embrionados, que foram previamente esterilizados em sua superfície, se maceraram e depois foram semeados no médio de cultivo L-15, suplementado com 20% de SFB, e incubados a uma temperatura de 28 °C, sem atmosfera de C02. A preparação dos cromossomas obteve-se de monocamadas celulares semiconfluentes, utilizando diversas soluções: antimitótica (Colchicina), hipotônica (KCl 0,075 M) e fixadora (Carnoy: metanol y ácido acético; 3:1). Levou-se a cabo a técnica de bandas C para a identificação de regiões cromossômicas de heterocromatina constitutiva. Resultados: Se obtiveram parâmetros morfométricos de cada par cromossômico. O número diplóide do cariótipo obtido dos cultivos celulares foi 2n = 12; estes se classificaram morfologicamente, de acordo com patrões previamente estabelecidos, assim: os pares I, II, IV e V foram metacêntricos, e o par III foi submetacéntrico. Por sua vez, o par sexual foi heteromórfico, sendo o cromossoma X me-tacêntrico e o cromossoma Y submetacêntrico. As bandas C foram positivas para todos os pares cromossômicos. Conclusões: Se estabeleceram as características citogenéticas de L. sericata, cepa Bogotá, Colômbia, relacionadas com número, forma, tamanho, posição do centrômero e regiões heterocromáticas dos cromossomas.

Lucilia sericata strain from Colombia: Experimental Colonization, Life Tables and Evaluation of Two Artifcial Diets of the Blowfy Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Bogotá, Colombia Strain

The objective of this work was to establish, under experimental laboratory conditions, a colony of Lucilia sericata, Bogotá-Colombia strain, to build life tables and evaluate two artifcial diets. This blowfy is frequently used in postmortem interval studies and in injury treatment. The parental adult insects collected in Bogotá were maintained in cages at 22°C±1 average temperature, 60 percent±5 relative humidity and 12 h photoperiodicity. The blowfies were fed on two artifcial diets that were evaluated over seven continuous generations. Reproductive and population parameters were assessed. The life cycle of the species was expressed in the number of days of the different stages: egg = 0.8±0.1, larvae I = 1.1±0.02, larvae II = 1.94±0.16, larvae III = 3.5±0.54, pupae = 6.55±0.47, male adult = 28.7±0.83 and female adult = 33.5±1.0. Total survival from egg stage to adult stage was 91.2 percent for diet 1, while for diet 2 this parameter was 40.5 percent. The lifetime reproductive output was 184.51±11.2 eggs per female. The population parameters, as well as the reproductive output of the blowfies that were assessed, showed relatively high values, giving evidence of the continuous increase of the strain over the different generations and making possible its maintenance as a stable colony that has lasted for more than two years.

Estudio de cultivos celulares primarios derivados de Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) / Study of primary cell cultures derived from Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

El propósito principal de la investigación aquí presentada fue obtener cultivos celulares primarios derivados de Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Esta mosca necrófaga es utilizada para determinar el intervalo post-mortem y en terapia larval. A partir de huevos embrionados, se realizaron explantes en diversos medios de cultivo (Grace, Schneider, MM/VP12, DMEM, Grace/L-15 y L-15), suplementados con 20% de suero fetal bovino. La esterilización del material biológico se efectuó mediante la aplicación de soluciones de formaldehido e hipoclorito de sodio. El crecimiento celular se inicio en los medios L-15, MM/VP12, Grace/L-15 y Schneider, en un tiempo promedio de 10 días después de efectuadas las siembras de tejidos embrionarios, mediante la proliferación de grupos de colonias dispersas en la superficies de los frascos de cultivo y a partir de las terminaciones de los fragmentos larvales. La evolución del crecimiento celular hasta la formación de la monocapa semiconfluente fue relativamente rápida, se alcanzo a las tres semanas post-explantes. La morfología de las células en los cultivos fue heterogénea, se destacaron formas epitelioides, similares a nerviosas, gigantes e irregulares. La comparación de las características de crecimiento de los cultivos celulares de L. sericata con los obtenidos de otras especies de dípteros mostro mayor favorabilidad en la evolución, en razón a que las células se adaptaron mejor a las condiciones fisico-quimicas de varios medios de cultivo. Este es el primer informe de cultivos celulares de una mosca de la familia Calliphoridae.

The main purpose of this study was to obtain primary cell cultures derived from Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Necrophagous this fly is used for determination of post-mortem interval and larval therapy. Since explants embryonated eggs were performed in various culture media (Grace Schneider, MM/VP12, DMEM, Grace/L-15 and L-15), supplemented with 20% fetal serum. Sterilization of the biological material was carried out by immersing it in formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite solutions. The cell growth was initiated in the L-15, MM/VP12, and Schneider Grace/L-15 in an average time of 10 days after completion of planting by the proliferation of groups of colonies scattered on the surface of the boxes crops and also from the endings of larval fragments. The evolution of cell growth to the formation of monolayer semi-confluent was relatively fast, reaching at 3 weeks post-explant. Cellular morphology in cultured cells was heterogeneous, especially epithelioid forms, similar to nerve, giant and irregular. Comparison of the growth characteristics of these cell cultures with those obtained from other species of flies was more favorable in the evolution of those obtained from L. sericata, on the grounds that the cells are better adapted to the physical-chemical conditions of several culture media. This is the first report of a cell culture-fly family Calliphoridae.

A Nasal Myiasis in a 76-Year-Old Female in Korea

On July 2009, 5 fly larvae were discovered inside the nose of a 76-year-old female. She was living in Cheonan-si, and in a state of coma due to rupture of an aortic aneurysm. Surgery was performed on the day of admission, and the larvae were found 4 days later. By observing their posterior spiracle, the larvae were identified as Lucilia sericata. Considering the rapid development of this species, the infection was likely acquired during hospitalization. Further investigation on the hospital environment should be needed to know the origin of the infection.

Evaluación de la terapia larval en el proceso de curación de heridas infectadas con Pseudomonas aeruginosa en conejos / Evaluation of the larval therapy in the healing process of infected wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits

Introducción. Durante las últimas dos décadas, la terapia larval ha resurgido como una alternativa confiable y segura para la cura de úlceras cutáneas que no responden a los tratamientos convencionales. Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de las larvas de Lucilia sericata en el tratamiento de heridas infectadas con Pseudomonas aeruginosa en un modelo animal. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron 12 conejos, los cuales fueron divididos al azar en 3 grupos homogéneos: al primero se le aplicó terapia larval, el segundo se trató con terapia antibiótica y el tercero fue establecido como control. A cada uno de los animales se les realizó una herida, luego se inoculó en ésta una suspensión de P. aeruginosa y, finalmente, al registrarse el desarrollo de la infección, se procedió, en los dos primeros grupos, a los tratamientos correspondientes. Para la evaluación macroscópica de las heridas, se tuvo en cuenta la presencia de edema y exudado, mal olor, inflamación alrededor de la herida y apariencia del tejido de granulación. Al proceso de cicatrización se le hizo seguimiento a través de una técnica dermohistológica. Resultados. Se registraron claras diferencias entre el grupo de animales tratados con terapia larval vs. el grupo tratado con terapia convencional de antibióticos, estableciéndose un periodo de 10 días para alcanzar la cicatrización en el grupo de terapia larval mientras que en el segundo grupo el proceso se cumplió en 20 días. Conclusiones. S e demostró la eficacia de las larvas de L. sericata en el tratamiento de heridas infectadas con P. aeruginosa.

Introduction. During the last two decades the larval therapy has reemerged as a safe and reliable alternative for the healing of cutaneous ulcers that do not respond to the conventional treatments. Objective. To evaluate the use of the larvae of Lucilia sericata as a treatment for infected wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an animal model. Materials and methods. Twelve rabbits were randomly distributed in 3 groups: the first group was treated with larval therapy; the second was treated with antibiotics therapy and to the third no treatment was applied, therefore was established as a control group. To each animal a wound was artificially induced, and then a suspension of P. aeruginosa was inoculated into the lesion. Finally, every rabbit was evaluated until the infection development was recognized and treatment was set up for the first two groups according with the protocols mentioned above. Macroscopic evaluation of the wounds was based on the presence of edema, exudates, bad odor, inflammation around the wound and the presence of granulation tissue. The healing process was evaluated by monitoring histological changes in the dermal tissue. Results. Differences in the time required for wound healing were observed between the first group treated with larval therapy (10 days) and the second group treated with conventional antibiotics therapy (20 days). Conclusion. The L. sericata larva is and efficient tool as a therapy for infected wounds with P. aeruginosa.

Sinantropia de los Calliphoridae (Diptera) de Valdívia, Chile / Synanthropy of the Calliphoridae (Diptera) from Valdívia, Chile

The objective of this study was to determine synathropic index of adult Calliphoridae (Diptera) collected in the city of Valdívia, Chile (39°48 S; 73°15 ' W). For this, samples were taken monthly between September 1996 and August 1997 in three different localities representing urban, rural and natural environments. Rat carcass, fish , and chicken viscera were used as baits. Four blowfly species were collected: Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, the dominant species in all three baits and sites of capture, followed by Lucilia sericata (Meigen), both species being eusynanthropic. The other two species, Compsomyiops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Sarconesia magellanica (Le Guillou), were collected in smaller numbers and were characterized respectively as hemysinanthropic and asynanthropic. In addition to the synanthropic index, the monthly abundance and the efficiency of the baits as attractans to the flies as well as their medical and sanitary importance were also determined and discussed.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o índice de sinantropia de adultos de Calliphoridae (Diptera) coletados na cidade de Valdívia, Chile (39°48' S; 73°15' W). As moscas foram coletadas mensalmente entre setembro de 1996 e agosto de 1997 em três localidades diferentes, representando os ambientes urbano, rural e natural. Carcaças de ratos albinos, vísceras de peixe e de galinha foram usadas como iscas. Quatro espécies de Calliphoridae foram capturadas: Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy a espécie dominante nas três iscas e nos três locais de coleta, seguida por Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Ambas as espécies foram consideradas como sinantrópicas. As outras duas espécies, Compsomyiops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy) e Sarconesia magellanica (Le Guillou), forams coletadas em menor número tendo sido consideradas respectivamente como hemissinanstrópica e assinantrópica. Além do índice de sinantropia, foram também determinadas a abundância mensal e a eficiência das iscas na atração das moscas, assim como foi avaliada a importância médico-sanitária das moscas.

Study on the growth and development of fly ( Lucilia Sericata ) under natural temperature and its application on forensic medicine practice / 中国法医学杂志

For the purpose of determining the time of death,the life history (the growth and development) and the sum of effective temperature of Lucilia Sericata were studied under the ordinary temperature. On the bases of the growth and development of the fly ,we have established three linear regression equations between the sum of effective temperature and the length of larvae or weigth pupa of Lucilia Sericata (K 1=2 0880+0 8014X 1、K 2=54 0917-2 8814X 2、K 3=133 2180-2 6312X 3).These linear regression equations provide a reliable,scientific method for estimating the time of death in forensic medicine practice.