Estudo radiográfico da articulação lombossacra em cães das raças Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Doberman / Radiographic study of the lumbosacral joint in German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Doberman dogs

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação entre diferentes raças das medidas radiográficas da articulação lombossacra. Foram utilizados 20 cães da raça Pastor Alemão, 20 cães da raça Rottweiler e 20 da raça Doberman. A articulação lombossacra foi avaliada radiograficamente com os membros pélvicos em posição neutra (N), em ventroflexão (VF) e dorsoextensão (DE). Foram mensurados os ângulos entre os processos articulares de L7 e S1 (PA), entre as epífises distal de L7 e proximal de S1 (EPIF), o ângulo lombossacro (LS), a amplitude de movimento (ROM) desses ângulos, o ponto de interseção das retas que formam esses ângulos e a respectiva ROM. Os resultados mostraram que a altura do canal vertebral em L7 é menor no Pastor Alemão (9,5mm) e maior no Rottweiler (10,5mm). O EPIF-DE foi maior no Pastor Alemão (38,03º). O PA-N foi menor no Pastor Alemão (15,98º). O LS-VF foi menor no Doberman (170,01º), e não diferiu entre o Pastor Alemão (179,17º) e o Rottweiler (176,61º). Os cães Pastores Alemães demonstraram uma maior ROM dos ângulos EPIF e LS. Concluiu-se que cães da raça Pastor Alemão apresentam maior instabilidade dessa articulação em relação às outras duas raças estudadas.(AU)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the racial difference of radiographic measurements of canine lumbosacral joints.20 German Shepherd, 20 Rottweiler and 20 Doberman dogs were used in the study. The lumbosacral joint was assessed radiographically with the hind limbs in neutral position (N), in ventral flexion (VF) and dorsal extension (DE). We measured the angles between the L7 and S1 articular processes (PA), between the distal L7 and S1 proximal epiphysis (EPIF), the lumbosacral angle (LS), range of motion (ROM) of these angles, the intersection point of the lines that form these angles and their ROM. The results show that the height of the spinal canal in L7 is lower in German Shepherds (9.5mm) than in Dobermans (10mm) and Rottweilers (10.5 mm). The EPIF-DE was higher in the German Shepherd (38.03°). The PA-N was lower in German Shepherd (15.98 °). The LS-VF was lower in the Doberman (170.01°), and LS did not differ statistically between German Shepherd (179.17°) and Rottweiler (176.61°). The ROM of the LS and EPIF angles were greater in the German Shepherd dogs. It was concluded that the German Shepherd dogs have radiographic measurements that lead to greater instability of the lumbosacral joint.(AU)

The Role of Computed Tomography in the Presurgical Diagnosis of Foraminal Entrapment of Lumbosacral Junction

OBJECTIVE: On the basis of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, we studied the change of the size of anterior primary division (APD) of the L5 spinal root in the presence of foraminal/extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 spinal root. METHODS: Two independent radiologists retrospectively reviewed the preoperative CT scans of 27 patients treated surgically and compared the sizes of the APDs on bilateral L5 spinal roots. If one side APD size was larger than the other side APD size, it was described as left or right "dominancy" and regarded this as "consensus (C)" in case that there was a consensus between the larger APD and the location of sciatica, and regarded as "non-consensus (NC)" in case that there was not a consensus. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. RESULTS: On CT scans, twenty-one (77%) of 27 patients were the consensus group (APD swelling) and 6 (22%) were a non-consensus group (APD no swelling). In 9 patients with acute foraminal disc herniations, asymmetric enlargement of the APD on L5 spinal root was detected in all cases (100%) and detected in 11 (64%) of 17 patients with stenosis. Preoperative ODI score was 75-93 (mean 83) and postoperative ODI scores were improved to 13-36 (mean 21). The mean follow-up period was 6 months (range, 3-11 months). CONCLUSION: An asymmetric enlargement of the APD on L5 spinal root on CT scans is meaningfully associated with a foraminal or extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 spinal root on the lumbosacral junction.

Analysis of Anterior-posterior Distance of Sacral Canal on MRI to See the Possibility of Sacral Laminar Hook Insertion

OBJECTIVE: Achieving successful posterolateral fusion across the lumbosacral junction is particularly problematic. In our hospital, bilateral S2 laminar hooks coupled with bilateral S1 screws have been appeared to provide successful posterolateral fusion of lumbosacral junction in high non-fusion risk patients. Therefore we study about the safety of sacral lamina hooks insertion. METHODS: We measured the anterior-posterior(A-P) diameter of sacral canal at a point where median sacral crest of S1 and S2 meet on lumbar magnetic resonance(MR) sagittal images. The number of analyzed subjects was one hundred and minimum A-P diameter of sacral canal to insert laminar hooks safely was thought to be 9mm. RESULTS: In 78% of study cases, the sacral canal diameter was 9mm or more. There were no statistically significant difference of sacral canal diameter with age, sex, weight and height. CONCLUSION: Preoperative analysis of the sagittal MR image may be helpful for the safe insertion of the sacral laminar hooks to enhance posterolateral fusion of lumbosacral junction in high non-fusion risk patients. And, safe sacral laminar hooks insertion may be possible in about 78% of study cases.

Posterior Agumentation with Rectangle Luque for the Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Lumbosacral Junction in Adults / 대한정형외과학회잡지

From September 1987 to June 1994, the authors had performed posterolateral fusion in one patient, anterior spinal fusion alone in four patients, anterior spinal fusion after posterior augmentation with Rectangle Luque and posterolateral fusion in four patients of tuberculosis of the lumbosacral junction. The purpose of this study was evaluated the reliability of the posterior augmentation with Rectangle Luque and posterolateral fusion. We divided into two groups: the study group was anterior spinal fusion after posterior augmentation with Rectangle Luque in four patients, the control group was anterior spinal fusion alone in four patients. The average follow up was obtained at 16 months(12 to 20 months) in study group, at 42.7 months in control group. Results were as follows: 1. Clinical results according to Moskowitz criteria were 2 patients with grade I. 2 patients with grade II in the study group; one patient with grade I, one patient with grade II, one patient with grade III, one patient with grade IV in the control group. Hypolordosis(less than 10 degree) at the lumbosacral junction was associated with a higher incidence of back pain. 2. Radiographically well consolidated anterior fusion was noted in all patients within average 6 months (5-7 months) in the study group and 7.2 months (5-10 months) in the control group. 3. Radiologically the lumbosacral saggital angle was corrected after operation and the mean angle was 16.5 degrees(12 to 20 degrees) in the study group, 7.2 degrees(3 to 20 degrees) in the control group. The mean loss of angular correction was 5 degrees(1 to 8 degrees) in the study group, 6.2 degrees(1 to 13 degrees) in the control group at postoperative one year follow up. In conclusion, this results suggest that the anterior spinal fusion concomitant with the posterior augmentation with Rectangle Luque is the recommendable methods for tuberculosis of the lumbosacral junction in adults.