ABSTRACT
La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus se incrementa en todo el mundo alcanzando a 592 millones de diabéticos el año 2035; así mismo la OMS proyecta que las muertes por diabetes se dupliquen entre los años 2005 y 2030 (OMS, 2016). En Bolivia la medicina tradicional reporta plantas medicinales a las cuales se les ha atribuido propiedades hipoglucemiantes, sin embargo en muchos casos no existen estudios científicos que avalen dichas propiedades. Este estudio se ha realizado con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de los granos de Amaranthus caudatus (amaranto), Linum usitatissimum (Linaza) y Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) sobre la hiperglicemia inducida por aloxano en animales de experimentación. Se administró por vía oral a ratones con hiperglicemia (glicemia > 180,6 mg/dl) una dosis de 2000 mg/kg de peso corporal de cada extracto hidro-etanólico obtenido de los granos de A. caudatus, L. usitatissimum y L. mutabilis. Los niveles de glucosa fueron medidos antes y después de la administración de los extractos. Los extractos hidro-etanolicos disminuyeron de forma significativa (p<0.05) la glucosa plasmática a las cuatro y dos horas después de su administración. El extracto de A. caudatus disminuyo la glucosa plasmática de 380 mg/dl a 260 mg/dl, el extracto de L. mutabilis disminuyo la glucosa plasmática de 310 mg/dl a 167 mg/dl, y el extracto de L. usitatissimum disminuyo la glucosa plasmática de 210,57 mg/dl a 168,14 mg/dl. Siendo el extracto de L. mutabilis el que presento mayor actividad sobre la hiperglicemia inducida por aloxano.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases worldwide reaching 592 million diabetics in 2035; Likewise, the WHO projects that deaths due to diabetes double between the years 2005 and 2030 (WHO, 2016). In Bolivia, traditional medicine reports medicinal plants to which hypoglycaemic properties have been attributed, however in many cases there are no scientific studies to support these properties. This study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of Amaranthus caudatus (amaranth), Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) and Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) on the hyperglycemia induced by alloxan in experimental animals. Mice with hyperglycemia (glycemia>10 mmol/L) were administered a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight orally of each hydro-ethanolic extract obtained from the grains of A. caudatus, L. usitatissimum and L. mutabilis. Glucose levels were measured before and after the administration of the extracts. The hydro-ethanol extracts significantly decreased (p <0.05) the plasma glucose at four and two hours after its administration. The extract of A. caudatus decreased the plasma glucose from 380 mg / dl to 260 mg / dl, the extract of L. mutabilis decreased the plasma glucose from 310 mg / dl to 167 mg / dl, and the extract of L. usitatissimum decreased Plasma glucose from 210.57 mg / dl to 168.14 mg / dl. The extract of L. mutabilis was the one with the highest activity on the hyperglycemia induced by alloxan.
Subject(s)
Amaranthus , Diabetes Mellitus , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Plasma , AlloxanABSTRACT
Background: Strong artificial selection and/or natural bottle necks may limit genetic variation in domesticated species. Lupinus luteus, an orphan temperate crop, has suffered diversity reductions during its bitter/sweet alkaloid domestication history, limiting breeding efforts and making molecular marker development a difficult task. The main goal of this research was to generate new polymorphic insertiondeletion (InDel) markers to aid yellow lupin genetics and breeding. By combining genomic reduction libraries and next generation sequencing, several polymorphic InDel markers were developed for L. luteus L. Results: A total of 118 InDel in silico polymorphic markers were identified. Eighteen InDel primer sets were evaluated in a diverse L. luteus core collection, where amplified between 23 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity (HO; 0.0648 to 0.5564) and polymorphic information content (PIC; 0.06 to 0.48) estimations revealed a moderate level of genetic variation across L. luteus accessions. In addition, ten and nine InDel loci amplified successfully Lupinus hispanicus Boiss & Reut, and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, respectively, two L. luteus close relatives. PCA analysis identified two L. luteus clusters, most likely explained by the domestication species history. Conclusion: The development of InDel markers will facilitate the study of genetic diversity across L. luteus populations, as well as among closely related species.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Genetic Markers , Lupinus/genetics , INDEL Mutation , High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingABSTRACT
Las especies vegetales Amaranthus caudatus Linnaeus (amaranto), Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinua), Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (tarwi), Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen (kañahua), llamados también granos andinos, son desde hace mucho tiempo la base de alimentación de muchas familias en nuestro país, estos granos son reconocidos por su alto valor nutricional. En la actualidad varias empresas de nuestra región comercializan estos granos en su forma procesada. Este trabajo tuvo como finalidad establecer los parámetros de calidad e identificación de las harinas de amaranto, quinua, kañahua y tarwi provenientes de los municipios de Ancoraimes, Tomina, Huancané y Peñas, para ello se realizó el análisis micrográfico encontrándose almidón, aleurona y grasa como principales elementos. El análisis fisicoquímico realizado reportó un contenido de humedad en quinua de 6,03%, cenizas totales 2,52% y 3,8 ml como índice de hinchamiento. En amaranto un contenido de humedad de 5,76%, cenizas totales 2,86% y 6,8 ml como índice de hinchamiento. Tarwi reportó un contenido de humedad de 6,69%, cenizas totales 3,53%, y 3,6 ml como de índice de hinchamiento. Kañahua reportó un contenido de humedad de 5,82%, cenizas totales 3,53% y 4,75ml como índice de hinchamiento. El análisis químico cualitativo en los granos muestra la presencia mayoritaria de flavonoides, aminoácidos, antocianidinas, taninos.
The plant species Amaranthus caudatus Linnaeus (amaranth), Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa), Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (tarwi), Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen (kañahua), also called Andean grains, have long been the food base of many families in our Country, these grains are recognized for their high nutritional value. At present several companies of our region commercialize these grains in its processed form. The aim of this work was to establish the parameters of quality and identification of the amaranth, quinoa, kañahua and tarwi flours from the municipalities of Ancoraimes, Tomina, Huancané and Peñas. For this purpose, the micrographic analysis was performed with starch, aleurone and fat as main elements. The physicochemical analysis carried out reported a moisture content in quinoa of 6.03%, total ash 2.52% and 3.8 ml as swelling index. In amaranth a moisture content of 5.76%, total ash 2.86% and 6.8 ml as swelling index. Tarwi reported a moisture content of 6.69%, total ash 3.53%, and 3.6 ml as the index of swelling. Kañahua reported a moisture content of 5.82%, total ash 3.53% and 4.75ml as swelling index. The qualitative chemical analysis in the grains shows the majority presence of flavonoids, amino acids, anthocyanidins, tannins.