Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
Add filters








Year range
1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(3): 1062-1081, Jul.-Sep. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897603

ABSTRACT

ResumenLos helechos y licófitas son un grupo de plantas vasculares de interés para entender la evolución de las interacciones micorrízicas y su preservación es de relevancia por sus múltiples interacciones ecológicas. El registro de los diferentes grupos taxonómicos de hongos asociados a helechos y licófitas se encuentra fragmentado y el criterio para su diagnóstico inconsistente, lo que dificulta el entendimiento y la determinación del estatus micorrízico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el porcentaje de especies de helechos y licófitas que tiene distribución en México de las que se tiene información sobre hongos endomicorrízicos. Se integró un listado de la presencia de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), Mucoromycotina y hongos septados oscuros (HSO) asociados a helechos y licófitas, a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva de información. En este trabajo se consideró una especie micorrízica arbuscular, por los arbúsculos, para diferenciarla de la colonización por hifas, vesículas u ovillos. El estudio generó un listado de ocurrencia de interacciones endomicorrízicas en 27 familias, 61 géneros y 137 especies de helechos y licófitas, que representa el 13.37 % de las especies, 91 % de los géneros y 77 % de las familias registradas para México. El 78.1 % de las especies presentó colonización por hongos, el 56.2 % fueron por HMA, el 8.9 % solo presentó colonización por hifas, vesículas o coils, el 21.8 % fue por HSO y el 1. 4 % por hongos Mucoromycotina. Del total de especies, la mayor presencia de colonización se presentó en especies terrestres 76.59 %, saxícolas 33.33 %, acuáticas 20 % y epífitas con 6.25 %. Las familias de helechos y licófitas con mayor número de especies colonizadas fueron: Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae y Dryopteridaceae. El presente trabajo muestra que la asociación de HMA y HSO es la más ampliamente distribuida en las familias y especies de helechos y licófitas. Surge la necesidad de incluir a los helechos y licófitas en los estudios de interacciones endomicorrízicas ya que únicamente 28 especies (20 %) fueron estudiadas en ecosistemas de México. La mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en la fase esporofítica (80 %). Sin embargo, para entender el papel que juegan las micorrizas en el establecimiento de helechos y licófitas se requiere incluir a la fase gametofítica, así como estudios de ecología, biología molecular, así como trabajos experimentales de fisiología. La información presentada es de relevancia para implementar estrategias alternativas de conservación, debido a que muchas especies de helechos y licófitas requieren de la asociación micorrízica para su crecimiento y supervivencia.


AbstractFerns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A checklist of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi (DSF) associated with ferns and lycophytes was integrated through an exhaustive global literature search. In this study, mycorrhizal species was considered by the presence of arbuscules to differentiate with hyphal, vesicular and coils colonization. The study gathered a checklist of mycorrhizal occurrences of 27 families, 61 genus and 137 species of ferns and lycophytes, which covers 13.4 % of the species, 91 % of the genus and 77 % of the families distributed in Mexico. The 78.1 % of the species showed colonization, 56.2 % by AMF, 29.9 % by DSF and 0.72 % by Mucoromycotina fungi. From the total of the species, the higher presences of colonization were in terrestrial, epiphytic, saxicolous, and aquatic plants with 76.6 %, 33.3 %, 20 %, and 6.3 %, respectively. The families of ferns and lycophytes with the higher number of species colonized were Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae. The present study showed the widespread associations of AMF and DSF in ferns and lycophytes of Mexico. It is urgently needed to include ferns and lycophytes in studies focused on endomycorhizal interactions, since only 28 species (28 %) were studied in Mexican ecosystems. The majority of studies were focused on sporophytic face (80 %). Nonetheless, to understand the role that plays the mycorrhiza in the establishment of ferns and lycophytes, it is necessary to include the gametophytic face in ecological, molecular and physiological experimental studies. This information is important to implement conservation strategies, because a considerable number of ferns and lycophytes species, depend on these mycorrhizal associations for their growth and survival. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1062-1081. Epub 2017 September 01.

2.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 82(2): 341-352, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548415

ABSTRACT

The morphology and wall ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii that grows in Brazil were analyzed as part of the study of the Isoetaceae present in Southern South America. The observations were performed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The megaspores are trilete, 350-450μm in equatorial diameter. The surface is reticulate. In section, the sporoderm is 100μm thick including the ornamentation. The wall is composed of a siliceous perispore, which consists of short fused flatten, elements forming a three-dimensional mesh. The exospore has two zones of different structure. The endospore is fibrillar. The microspores are monolete, 21-27μm in equatorial diameter. The sporoderm is composed of a sporopollinic rugulate perispore. A space between the paraexospore and the exospore is evident. The exospore is compact. The endospore is fibrillar. The ultrastructural analysis akes hoologies evident concerning structure and organization of the layers belo the perispore in both spore types. A possible similarity and stability in the ultrustructure of the present spores and fossils could be also inferred. In addition, there would be a correlation among the plant habitat, the spore ornamentation and the geographic distribution.


A morfologia e a ultraestrutura da parede de megasporos e microspores de Isoetes sehnemii que crescem no Brasil foram analisados como parte do estudo de Isoetaceae presente no sul da América do Sul. As observações foram realizadas com microscopias de luz e eletrônicas de transmissão e varredura. Os megasporos são triletes com 350-450μm de diâmetro equatorial. A superfície é reticulada. Em secção o esporoderma possui 100μm de espessura incluindo ornamentação. A parede é composta de um perisporo silicoso que consiste de elementos fusionados curtos e achatados formando uma rede tridimensional. O exosporo tem duas zonas com diferentes estruturas. O endosporo é fibrilar. Os microsporos são monoletes, 21-27μm de diâmetro equatorial. A esporoderme é composta por um perisporo esporopolínico rugulado. Um espaço entre o para-exosporo e o exosporo é evidente. O exosporo é compacto. O endosporo é fibrilar. A análise ultraestrutural torna evidente homologias relativas a estrutura e organização das camadas abaixo do perisporo em ambos os tipos de esporos. Uma possível similaridade e estabilidade na ultraestrutura do presente esporo e fósseis pode também ser inferida. Além disso, haveria uma correlação entre o habitat da planta, a ornamentação do esporo e a distribuição geográfica.


Subject(s)
Plants/ultrastructure , Spores/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Plants/classification , Plants/cytology , Spores/cytology
3.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 82(2): 353-359, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548416

ABSTRACT

The name Isoetes pedersenii H.P. Fuchs (Lycophyta), a species known only from the Mburucuyá National Park, Corrientes, Argentina, is validated. Observations were carried out on herbarium material with stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopes. The species is described and typified. A diagnosis and discussion about its distribution and its relationship with the morphology of other species of Isoetes are provided.


O nome Isoetes pedersenii H.P. Fuchs (Lycophyta) foi validado para a espécie identificada apenas no Parque Nacional de Mburucuyá, em Corrientes na Argentina. Material preservado em herbário foi avaliado com microscópios estereoscó pico, de luz branca e eletrônico de varredura. A espécie foi descrita e tipificada. Um diagnóstico e uma discussão sobre a distribuição e relação com a morfologia de outras espécies de Isoetes são relatados.


Subject(s)
Plants/classification , Argentina , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Plants/anatomy & histology , Plants/ultrastructure
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL