Enfermedad de Kawasaki en pediatría: caso clínico

la enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es una vasculitis multisistémica que se presenta en la infancia. Por lo general es una afección aguda, febril, autolimitada, de etiología desconocida y puede desarrollar alteraciones cardiovasculares; su expresión clínica es variable: presenta inflamación de los vasos de mediano calibre y de múltiples tejidos: pulmonar, meníngeo, cardiaco, urinario, gastrointestinal, musculoesquelético, neurológico o linfático. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento buscan disminuir la duración de los síntomas y prevenir la presencia de aneurismas coronarios.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis that presents in childhood. It is usually an acute, febrile, self-limited disease of unknown etiology and may develop cardiovascular alterations; its clinical expression is variable as it presents inflammation of medium caliber vessels and multiple tissues: pulmonary, meningeal, cardiac, urinary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological or lymphatic. Diagnosis is clinical, and treatment aims to reduce the duration of clinical symptoms and prevent the presence of coronary aneurysms. Objective: to describe the clinical case of an infant patient with KD, in which clinical criteria characteristic of this pathology were identified. Case report: a 22-month-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room with a 14-day evolutionary clinical picture consisting of fever, emetic episodes, abdominal pain, unresponsive to acetaminophen, and diarrheal episodes. Two days later, he manifested generalized exanthema in the inguinal region that spread to the right testicle, back, and thorax. Subseguently, he presented bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis for three days. He received treatment with topical steroids and oral antihistamines; partial improvement with subseguent evolution in right testicularedema and bilateral desquamation in hands and feet. KD was suspected, a transthoracic echocardiogram was sent without coronary aneurysmal dilatations, and treatment with ASA was started without indication, given the evolution of immunoglobulin. Conclusions: KD is infrequent in childhood and should be suspected in patients with prolonged febrile symptoms unresponsive to conventional treatments and in whom the presence of other pathologies is ruled out.

a doença de Kawasaki (DK) é uma vasculite multissistêmica que ocorre na infância. Geralmente é uma doença aguda, febril, autolimitada, de etiologia desconhecida, podendo desenvolver alterações cardiovasculares; sua expressão clínica é variável, apresentando inflamação de vasos de médio porte e de múltiplos tecidos: pulmonar, meníngeo, cardíaco, urinário, gastrointestinal, musculoesquelético, neurológico ou linfático. O diagnóstico é clínico e o tratamento visa reduzir a duração dos sintomas clínicos e prevenir a presença de aneurismas coronábanos. Objetivo: descrever o caso clínico de um paciente infantil com DK, no qual foram identificados critérios clínicos característicos dessa patologia. Caso clínico: paciente do sexo masculino, 22 meses de idade meses de idade, admitido no departamento de emergência com um curso clínico de 14 dias, consistindo em febre, episódios eméticos e dor abdominal, sem resposta ao acetaminofeno, além de episódios diarreicos. Dois dias depois, ele desenvolveu uma erupção cutánea generalizada na região inguinal que se espalhou para o testículo direito, costas e tórax. Posteriormente, ele apresentou conjuntivite bilateral não purulenta por três dias. Ele foi tratado com esferoides tópicos e anti-histamínicos orais; houve melhora parcial com posterior evolução do edema testicular direito, descamação bilateral nas mãos e nos pés. Suspeitou-se de DK, portanto foi realizado ecocardiograma transtorácico sem dilatações aneurismáticas coronarianas e iniciado tratamento com AAS, sem indicação devido ao tempo de evolução da imunoglobulina. Conclusões: a DK não é frequente na infância e deve ser suspeitada em pacientes com sintomas febris prolongados que não respondem aos tratamentos convencionais e nos quais a presença de outras patologias é descartada.

Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico postinfección por SARS-CoV-2: a propósito de un caso clínico / Post SARS-CoV-2 multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a clinical case / Síndrome inflamatória pós-infecção por SARS-CoV-2: relato de caso

En Uruguay, la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha generado menos afectación en pacientes de la edad pediátrica, aumentando el número de casos positivos en este grupo etario de forma proporcional al aumento de la circulación del virus. La forma de presentación es generalmente asintomática o con síntomas respiratorios leves a moderados. El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico postinfección por SARS-CoV-2 (SIM-C) ha sido descrito como una de las principales complicaciones postinfección. Se describe el primer caso de un paciente con SIM-C en la ciudad de Paysandú, Uruguay. Se trata de un escolar de 6 años que cursó una infección por SARS-CoV-2 un mes previo. Se presenta con un cuadro febril de 4 días de evolución asociado a lesiones de piel e inyección conjuntival y odinofagia, con parámetros inflamatorios elevados y afectación cardiológica. Se traslada a CTI local con buena evolución posterior. El alto índice de sospecha de SIM-C mejora el diagnóstico y en consecuencia la morbimortalidad de la enfermedad.

Summary: In Uruguay, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the pediatric population less and the number of positive cases in this age group has increased proportionally to the rise of the virus circulation. The presentation is generally asymptomatic or with mild to moderate respiratory symptoms. Post-Infection Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome by SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) has been described as one of the main post-infection complications. We describe the first case of a patient with MIS-C in the city of Paysandú, Uruguay. It is a 6-year-old schoolboy who had had a SARS-CoV-2 infection a month earlier. He showed a 4-day history of fever associated with skin lesions and conjunctival injection and odynophagia, with high inflammatory parameters and cardiac involvement. He was transferred to a local ICU and had a good subsequent evolution. The high index of suspicion of MIS-C improves the diagnosis and consequently the morbidity and mortality rates of the disease.

No Uruguai, a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 gerou menos afetação em pacientes pediátricos, e o número de casos positivos nessa faixa etária aumentou proporcionalmente ao aumento da circulação do vírus. A forma de apresentação é geralmente assintomática ou com sintomas respiratórios leves a moderados. A Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pós-Infecção por SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) tem sido descrita como uma das principais complicações pós-infecção. Descreve-se o primeiro caso de paciente com MIS-C na cidade de Paysandú, Uruguai. Ele é um estudante de 6 anos de idade que tinha tido uma infecção por SARS-CoV-2 um mês antes. Apresentou história de febre de 4 dias associada a lesões cutâneas e hiperemia conjuntival e odinofagia, com parâmetros inflamatórios elevados e envolvimento cardiológico. Foi transferido para uma UTI local com boa evolução posterior. O alto índice de suspeita de MIS-C melhora o diagnóstico e, consequentemente, a morbimortalidade da doença.

Evolución y manejo del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico asociado a infección por SARS CoV-2 en una UCI pediátrica de Lima, Perú / Evolution and management of the pediatric multi-systemic inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS CoV-2 infection in a pediatric ICU in Lima, Peru

Introducción: El Sindrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico Pediátrico (SIMP) asociado a SARS CoV2 afecta gravemente a niños. Objetivo: Describir clínica, tratamiento y evolución del SIMP en pacientes de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) de referencia. Hallazgos: Se identificaron 18 niños con edad promedio de 8,76 años, 50% masculino, todos con prueba serológica positiva. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron: Fiebre (100%), dificultad respiratoria (94%), dolor abdominal (89%), Proteina C reactiva elevada (promedio 21,8), plaquetopenia (50%), Radiografía de tórax patológica (89%) y contractilidad miocárdica deprimida (61%). El 72% requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva (promedio 3 días) y catecolaminas; 89% usó corticoides más inmunoglobulinas. La estancia promedio en UCIP fue 5.5 días. Un paciente falleció por hemorragia intracerebral. Conclusiones: El SIMP en UCIP se caracteriza por fiebre, dificultad respiratoria, dolor abdominal, marcadores inflamatorios elevados y depresión miocárdica. Requiriendo corticoides, inmunoglobulina y soporte ventilatorio; presentando estancia intermedia y baja mortalidad.

Background: Pediatric Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome(SIMP) associated with SARS CoV2 seriously affects children. To describe the Objective: symptoms, treatment and evolution of SIMP in patients of a reference Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Findings: 18 children were identified with a mean age of 8.76 years, 50% male, all with a positive serological test. The most frequent manifestations were: fever (100%), respiratory distress (94%), abdominal pain (89%), elevated C-reactive protein (average 21.8), thrombocytopenia (50%), pathological chest X-ray (89%) and depressed myocardial contractility (61%). 72% required invasive mechanical ventilation (average 3 days) and catecholamines; 89% used corticosteroids plus immunoglobulins. The average stay in the PICU was 5.5 days. One patient died of intracerebral hemorrhage. SIMPin PICU is characterized by fever, Conclusions: respiratory distress, abdominal pain, elevated inflammatory markers, and myocardial depression. Requiring corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and ventilatory support; presenting intermediate stay and low mortality.

A Rare Case Of Primary Lymphonodular Cryptococcosis In Hiv Positive Patient On Anti-Retroviral Therapy

Cryptococcal infection is the most common life threatening opportunistic fungal infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected individuals. (1) An early diagnosis is essential for a prompt treatment and to prevent dissemination, which is fatal. Pulmonary, intestinal, bone marrow and CNS involvement have been reported. There are only few cases of lymphonodular Cryptococcosis have been reported, we report a rare case of primary lymphonodular cryptococcosis without any pulmonary or CNS involvement. (2)

The Clinical and Histopathologic Findings of Lymphonodular Hyperplasia of the Colon in Infancy and Childhood / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: Lymphonodular hyperplasia of the colon (LNHC) is a rare finding in children and its significance as a pathologic finding is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of LNHC by analyzing clinical and histopathologic findings in children with LNHC. METHODS: We analyzed data from 38 patients who were confirmed to have LNHC by colonoscopy. We checked age, birth history, past history, family history, and clinical symptoms. A hematologic exam, stool exam, and image studies were performed and biopsy specimens were examined by a pathologist. All patients were asked to have short- and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 12.5+/-14.4 months. All patients presented with complaints of bloody stool. They appeared healthy and the hematologic findings were within a normal range, with the exception of one case. There was no other identified source of bleeding. On histologic exam, 36 patients (94.7%) had lymphoid follicles and 34 patients (84.5%) fulfilled the criteria of allergic colitis. Regardless of diet modification and presence of residual symptom, there was no recurrence of bloody stool through long-term follow-up in all patients. CONCLUSION: LNHC is more common in infants who are affected by allergic colitis, but it can appear even after infancy. LNHC should be regarded as the etiology when there are any other causes of rectal bleeding, especially in healthy children. We suggest that LNHC has a benign course regardless of diet modification and it might not require excessive concerns.