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Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular reflex induced by the activation of cardiac transient receptor potential vanillic acid receptor 1(TRPV1), the central location of reflex and its peripheral neurotransmitters of the rats, and to elucidate the central and peripheral neural mechanisms of cardiovascular reflex mediated by TRPV1 receptor. Methods: A total of 60 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, ido-RTX group, atropine group, immunofluorescence group and nerve tract tracking group; there were 12 rats in each group. Pericardial intubation was performed in the rats in various groups after anesthesia. The changes of heart rates and blood pressures of the rats in control group, ido-RTX group and atropine group were observed by arterial intubation. The tissue samples were collected 1 h after intropericardial injection of capsaicin in imunofluorescence group, and the co-expression of c-Fos positive neurons induced by capsaicin and cholinesterase positive neurons in the medulla oblongata was observed by immunofluorescence technigue. Intraopericardial injected carbonyl cyanine fluorescent dye (Dil) was used as retrograde tracer in nerve tract group, and the distribution of Dil positive cells in the medulla oblongata was observed by fluorescence microscope 1 week later. Results: The blood pressure and heart rate of the rats in control group were decreased significantly after intrapericardial injection of capsaicin of the rats in control group (P0. 05); after intrapericardial injection of capsaicin, the number of c-Fos positive neurons in nucleus tractus solitarii, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguous of medulla oblongata was increased significantly (P<0. 05); most of these neurons were cholinesterase positive neurons; after intrapericardial injection of Dil, a large number of red fluorescent labeled neurons and nerve endings appeared in the nucleus tractus solitarii, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguous. Conclusion: Intrapericardial injection of capsaicin can selectively activate the TRPV1 receptors in the heart, increase the excitability of cholinergic neurons in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata, increase the peripheral release of acetylcholine, and produce an inhibitory effect on the cardiovascular activity by activating the M receptor.
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Aim To investigate the effects of curcumol on the contractile activity of isolated duodenal smooth muscle in rats and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods The isolated duodenum specimens of rats were made. The effects of different concentrations of curcumol on the contraction of isolated duodenal smooth muscle were observed using BL-420F biological and functional experimental system with constant tem-perature perfusion method. A certain concentration of curcumol was combined with atropine,isoproterenol, norepinephrine,calcium-free Krebs solution,verapam-il respectively to observe its effect on smooth muscle contraction. Results Curcumol could stimulate duo-denal smooth muscle in vitro,and increase its contrac-tile amplitude and tension significantly. It could be an-tagonized partly by atropine,isoprenaline,norepineph-rine,verapamil. Conclusion Curcumol can promote the contraction of isolated duodenal smooth muscle in rats,which may be achieved by stimulating M recep-tor,inhibiting α and β receptors,and promoting the extracellular calcium influx.
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Objective@#To study the dosage regimen of oral M-receptor blocker following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for severe benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with predominant urine storage period symptoms (USPSs) and its clinical effect.@*METHODS@#Severe BPH patients with predominant USPSs received oral tolterodine (2 mg q12d or 4 mg qd) 6 hours after TURP for 4 weeks. The medication continued for another 2 weeks in case of recurrence of USPSs or until the 12th week in case of repeated recurrence. Before and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TURP, we analyzed the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual volume (PVR) of the patients.@*RESULTS@#Complete clinical data were collected from 106 cases, of which 33 achieved successful drug withdrawal with no aggravation of USPSs at 4 weeks after TURP, 51 at 6－8 weeks, 13 at 10－12 weeks, and 9 needed medication after 12 weeks. Before and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TURP, the total IPSSs were 25.33 ± 3.45, 19.33 ± 3.62, 11.56 ± 2.45, 8.38 ± 2.0 and 7.74 ± 1.87, those in the urine storage period were 11.97 ± 1.53, 10.76 ± 1.82, 6.16 ± 1.22, 4.08 ± 1.19 and 3.91 ± 1.15, those at urine voiding were 9.80 ± 1.60, 5.59 ± 1.45, 3.40 ± 0.92, 2.85 ± 0.71, and 2.61 ± 0.67, and the QoL scores were 4.70 ± 0.78, 3.92 ± 0.75, 2.55 ± 0.74, 1.83 ± 0.72 and 1.66 ± 0.75, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the baseline and the scores at 1 and 4 weeks (P 0.05). Qmax and PVR were improved progressively and significantly at 1 and 4 weeks (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Four to eight weeks of oral administration of M-receptor blocker may be an effective dosage regimen for severe BPH with predominant USPSs after TURP.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Administration, Oral , Clinical Protocols , Drug Administration Schedule , Muscarinic Antagonists , Postoperative Care , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Drug Therapy , General Surgery , Quality of Life , Recurrence , Tolterodine Tartrate , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Treatment Outcome , Urination , Urological AgentsABSTRACT
Objective To study the anti-asthma mechanism of water extract of Portulaca oleracea L( WEPO) related toβand M receptors.Methods Rabbits of 2.0 -2.5 kg were selected,whose isolated tracheal rings were prepared.The effect of WEPO on tracheal smooth muscle tension was evaluated using tracheal smooth muscle contraction frequency and contraction amplitude as indexes.Aminophylline( Ami) was used as a positive control medicine and propranolol( Pro) as theβreceptor blocking agent to observe the relaxation effect on tracheal smooth muscle of WEPO related to βreceptors. Acetylcholine chloride( AChCl) was used as the agonist for M receptors and atronine( Atr) as the M receptor blocking agent to observe the relaxation effect on tracheal smooth muscle of WEPO related to M receptors.Results ①The contraction frequency and amplitude of isolated tracheal smooth muscle in each dose group of WEPO were significantly lower after treatment.The difference was statistically significant(P 0.05 ) .⑤These indexes in Atr+WEPO group were not different those in WEPO group ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusion WEPO has relaxation effect on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbits,which is related toβreceptors rather than M receptors.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Solifenacin for the treatment of overactive bladder in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was done in a children admitted to our hospital in January 2010,with lower urinary tract obstruction lead to overactive bladder.The boy was 4 years old,suffering from difficult urinating,urinary frequent,urgency and incontinence for 4 years.Imaging studies (B ultrasound,intravenous urography,CT,bladder voiding urethrography) found bilateral hydronephrosis and kidney collecting system separation with left 3.3 cm and right 2.3 cm in diameter; ureteral dilation with left 1.3 cm,right 1.6 cm in diameter.A transverse septum crossing the urethra at a right angle distal to the verumontanum was detected.According to history,physical examination and imaging examination,a diagnosis for posterior urethral valves was established.Under general anesthesia,urethroscopy found that the valve was attached below urethra wall,divided into two forks towards urethral lateral wall.The valve was excised.Three months later,although good voiding,the hydronephrosis and hydroureter still did not improve.After cystostomy and 6 months follow-up,hydronephrosis and hydroureter still not improved. B ultrasound showed the renal pelvis dilation with left 3.2 cm,right 2.0 cm in diameter,and bilateral ureteral dilation with left 1.3 cm,right 1.4 cm in diameter.Solifenacin (5 mg/tablet),1/3 tablet,about 1.7 mg per day was added. Results After oral Solifenacin one month,hydronephrosis and hydroureter began to improve.After 3 months,hydroureter disappeared; hydronephrosis improved significantly.. B-ultrasound showed the renal collecting system mild dilation with left 1.1 cm,right 1.0 cm in diameter.After 13 months follow-up,no side effects was detected. Conclusions Combined with the surgical treatment,Solifenacin can alleviate hydronephrosis secondary to OAB,and can also protect the renal function.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) with overactive bladder ( OAB ).Methods82 patients with OAB and coexisting BPH were randomly divided into tamsulosin group ( n = 38 ) and combination group ( n = 44). The ages were from 50 to 75 y ( averaged, 56.8 ± 8.6). Inclusion criteria: the mean frequency of micturition ≥8 times per day, the frequency of nocturia ≥2 times per day, voiding volume ＜200 ml each time; for the overactive bladder symptom score ( OA BSS), the 3 rd score ＞ 2, total score ＞ 3. The tamsulosin group accepted tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily, the combination group accepted tansulouxin 0.2 mg and solifenacin 0.2 mg once daily. Both groups were maintained the corresponding therapy for 12 weeks.The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), Qmax, residual urine volume, OAB score and adverse reactions were recorded.ResultsThe values of IPSS ( 19.5 ±2.2 vs 15.6 ±2.4, P =0.027), the voiding symptom score ( 15.6 ± 2.4 vs 3.4 ± 1. 7, P = 0. 022) and Qmax ( 13.7 ± 3.8 vs 16.6 ± 4.1, P = 0. 034 )improved significantly after treatment in tamsulosin group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The values of IPSS ( 19.7 ± 2.3 vs 9.7 ± 3.0, P ＜0. 001), the storage symptom score (13.8 ± 1.9 vs 5.6 ± 1.6, P ＜0. 001 ), OABSS (10.3 ±1.8 vs 5.3 ±1.3, P ＜0.001) and Qmax(14.1 ±4.1 vs 17.2 ±3.5, P=0.027) also improved significantly after treatment in combination group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The values of IPSS ( 9.7 ± 3.0 vs 15.6 ±2.4, P ＜ 0.001 ), the storage symptom score (5.6 ± 1.6 vs 12.0 ± 1.6, P ＜ 0.001 ) and OABSS ( 5.3 ±1.3 vs 9.7 ± 2.7, P ＜ 0. 001 ) improved significantly in combination group than those in tamsulosin group ( P ＜0.001 ). There were no difference between two groups in values of the voiding symptom score, Qmax and residual urine volume ( P ＞ 0.05 ). The incidences of adverse reactions in tamsulosin group and combination group were 7.9％ (3/38) and 20.5％ (9/44) without significant difference. There was no acute urinary retention in both groups.ConclusionsIt is effective and safe for patients with BPH and OAB to accept combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in the Korean population. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study was done. Eighty-five patients with PTC and 287 controls were studied. One missense SNP (rs2278329, Asp553Asn) and one promoter SNP (rs2292016, -100 G/T) of the OSMR gene were genotyped by direct sequencing. Genetic data were analyzed using the SNPStats, Helixtree, and SNPAnalyzer Pro. PTC patients were dichotomized and compared with respect to the clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: There was no association between genotypes and allele frequencies of OSMR SNPs (rs2278329 and rs2292016) and PTC susceptibility. SNP rs2278329 was significantly associated with tumor size (dominant model; P=0.028; odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 6.57). The A allele was higher in sizes large than 1 cm (32.5% vs. 16.7%; P=0.018; OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.98). Regarding the number of tumors, we found no significant association with genotype, however, the A allele was higher in patients with multifocaltiy (33.3% vs. 19.1%; P=0.040; OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.03 to 4.34). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that OSMR polymorphism rs2278329 is associated with clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor growth and multifocality development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Factor IX , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Odds Ratio , Oncostatin M , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Oncostatin M , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid NeoplasmsABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo investigate the alteration of behavior,such as spontaneous movement,spatial memory ability and cholinergic M receptors in the brain of mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). And to determine whether Ningshen Ling (NSL)and dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)could reverse the cognitive impairment in this model.MethodsForty mice were divided into four groups: control group,CMS group,CMS+NSL(p.o.5g·kg-1·d-1) group and CMS+DHEA (i.p.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) group. Morris water maze procedure was used to determine the spatial memory ability. M receptor binding activity was measured with radioactivity assay by3 H-QNB.ResultsAfter 3 weeks CMS,the mice exerted a decrease in spontaneous movement test,and the latency in Morris water maze was obviously prolonged. Treating CMS mice with NSL and DHEA for 1 weeks could improve the spontaneous movement and latency declined. Whereas the3 H-QNB binding ability to M receptor showed a significantly decrease in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of CMS mice (P<0.05),the decreased ability of M receptor binding was reversed by NSL treatment in hippocampus(P<0.05).ConclusionNSL and DHEA can alleviate the stress response and reversed cognitive impairment induced by CMS,and it may be concerned with the central cholinergic M receptors activity.
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Kir2 1. Moreover, drop of pHi reduced the M 1 induced inhibition of Kir3 1/3 4 currents, and enhanced the desensitization of M 2 induced Kir3 1/3 4 activation. CONCLUSION The basal currents and M receptor induced currents of Kir3 1/3 4 can be regulated by intracellular pH. These changes may play some important roles in pathophysiological conditions like cardiac ischemia.