ABSTRACT
Fundamento: la Osteonecrosis de la Rodilla se describió por primera vez por Ahlback citado por Adriaensen en el año 1968. Aunque esta enfermedad afecta fundamentalmente al condilo medial, también puede observarse en el cóndilo lateral y los paltillos tibiales. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la Osteonecrosis de la Rodilla, con especial énfasis en las teorías involucradas en su fisiopatología, exponemos los distintos estadios de esta enfermedad así como las características radiológicas de cada uno, se realizó el diagnóstico diferencial de esta enfermedad con otras, relacionadas o no con la Osteonecrosis. Conclusiones: se brindó un breve enfoque terapéutico basado fundamentalmente en la edad y extensión de la lesión.
Background: knee osteonecrosis was described for the first time by Ahlback mentioned by Adriaensen in 1968. Although this disease affects fundamentally to the medial condyle, it may also be observed in the lateral condyle and tibial saucers. Development: a bibliographical review was carried out on knee osteonecrosis, with special emphasis in the theories involved in its physiopathology, different stages of this disease as well as the radiological characteristics of each are exposed, differential diagnosis of this disease with other, related or not with osteonecrosis was carried out. Conclusions: it was offered a brief therapeutic approach based fundamentally on the age and extension of the lesion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To identify the metabolic alterations in the prefrontal lobe in male patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-MRS), and to study the relationship between metabolic alterations and executive function. Methods The study was conducted in 26 male schizophrenics with medicine-free for at least 7 days and 28 normal controls. A multi-voxel ~1H-MRS on the prefrontal lobe was performed in all the subjects within 24 hours of admission. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to evaluate executive function. The NAA, Cho and Cr were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) were calculated. Results Compared with normal controls, the patients demonstrated significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio (t=2.93, P<0.01) in the left prefrontal lobe and poorer performance in WCST (P<0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in the left prefrontal lobe was positively associated with the responses errors and the perseverative errors of WCST(r=0.45, P＜0.05; r=0.47, P＜0.05)and negatively associated with the categories completed and conceptual level responses(r=-0.54, P＜0.01; r=-0.56, P＜0.01). Conclusions Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present in the left prefrontal lobe of male schizophrenics. The neuron damage in the left prefrontal lobe of male schizophrenic may be the primary cause of cognition dysfunction.