O ensino de ciências na educação básica: desvendando o sistema nervoso através de cartilhas e mapas mentais / Science teaching in basic education: unveiling the nervous system through primers and mental maps / Enseñanza de ciencias en educación básica: desvelando el sistema nervioso a través de primers y mapas mentales

Objetivo: o estudo visou um relato de experiências entre os autores sobre a tutoria do módulo três durante o curso EAD no ano de 2022. Método: Este curso com atividades síncronas e assíncronas, para professores da educação básica e estudantes de graduação, foi realizado em outubro e novembro, do ano de 2022 e culminou na construção de uma cartilha com mapas mentais, temas e estratégias trabalhados durante o curso comomateriais pedagógicos para o ensino fundamental II. Resultados:A cartilha intitulada: as consequências do consumo de álcool ao sistema nervoso, teve como parceria professores de duas escolas básicas. Esta apresenta informações anatomofisiológicas a respeito do funcionamento do sistema nervoso e o álcool. A temática explica como o funcionamento do sistema nervoso pode ser afetado pelo uso de bebidas alcoólicas; compreensão das alterações causadas ao funcionamento do sistema nervoso pela ingestão de álcool e instrumentalização dos professores com mais um recurso pedagógico. Conclusão:Dessa forma, foi possível a promoção da sensibilização dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos negativos do uso de bebidas alcoólicas. Assim como, prevenção nos jovens quanto ao seuuso indiscriminado, colaborando com a popularização da ciência.

Objective:the study aimed to report experiences between the authors regarding the tutoring of module three during the EAD course in the year 2022. Method:This course with synchronous and asynchronous activities, for basic education teachers and undergraduate students, was carried out in October and November, 2022 and culminated in the construction of a booklet with mental maps, themes and strategies workedon during the course as teaching materials for elementary school II. Results:The booklet entitled: the consequences of alcohol consumption on the nervous system, was partnered with teachers from two basic schools. This presents anatomophysiological information regarding the functioning of the nervous system and alcohol. The theme explains how the functioning of the nervous system can be affected by the use of alcoholic beverages; understanding the changes caused to the functioning of the nervous system byalcohol intake and providing teachers with yet another pedagogical resource. Conclusion:In this way, it was possible to promote student awareness regarding the negative aspects of the use of alcoholic beverages. As well as prevention among young people regarding its indiscriminate use, collaborating with the popularization of science.

Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo relatar experiencias entre los autores respecto a la tutoría del módulo tres durante el curso EAD en el año 2022. Método: Este curso con actividades sincrónicas y asincrónicas, para docentes de educación básica y estudiantes de pregrado, se realizó en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2022 y culminó con la construcción de una cartilla con mapas mentales, temáticas y estrategias trabajadas durante el curso como material didáctico para la escuela primaria II. Resultados:El cuadernillo titulado: las consecuencias del consumo de alcohol en el sistema nervioso, fue elaborado en colaboración con docentes de dos escuelas básicas. Presenta información anatomofisiológica sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso y el alcohol. El tema explica cómo el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso puede verse afectado por el uso de bebidas alcohólicas; comprender los cambios que provoca en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso la ingesta de alcohol y dotar a los docentes de un recurso pedagógico más. Conclusión: De esta manera, fue posible sensibilizar a los estudiantes sobre los aspectos negativos del consumo de alcohol. Así como la prevención entre los jóvenes sobre su uso indiscriminado, contribuyendo a la popularización de la ciencia.

Os ciclos de engajamento no trabalho de servidores públicos federais / Los ciclos de compromiso laboral de los servidores públicos federales / The work engagement cycles of federal civil servants

Resumo Servidores públicos têm diferentes níveis de engajamento no trabalho ao longo da vida laboral. Essas variações, denominadas "ciclos de engajamento no trabalho", ocorrem graças aos recursos disponíveis e às demandas do ambiente de trabalho. Diante disso, o presente artigo busca descrever os ciclos de engajamento no trabalho de servidores públicos federais com base em suas histórias de vida profissional, evidenciando demandas e recursos relevantes do ambiente ocupacional na trajetória dessas pessoas. Usando o modelo job demands-resources (JD-R) e a metodologia de mapas cognitivos, foi possível identificar um ciclo positivo do engajamento no trabalho, um ciclo reforçador - relacionado com oportunidades e valorização - e dois ciclos de desequilíbrio, um ligado à produtividade disfuncional e, outro, à descontinuidade administrativa. A análise dos ciclos de engajamento permitiu identificar recursos do ambiente de trabalho que interferem de diferentes maneiras no engajamento de servidores públicos. Por fim, foi utilizado o conceito de "ciclo de enfrentamento" como subsídio de políticas para servidores desengajados.

Resumen Los servidores públicos tienen diferentes niveles de compromiso en el trabajo a lo largo de su vida laboral. Estas variaciones, llamadas ciclos de compromiso laboral, ocurren debido a los recursos disponibles y las demandas del entorno laboral. Frente a eso, el presente trabajo buscó describir los ciclos de compromiso en el trabajo de los servidores públicos federales a partir de sus historias de vida profesional, destacando demandas y recursos del ambiente laboral relevantes en la trayectoria laboral de esas personas. Utilizando el modelo job demands-resources (JD-R) y la metodología de mapas cognitivos, fue posible identificar un ciclo positivo de compromiso en el trabajo, un ciclo de refuerzo ‒ relacionado con oportunidades y apreciación ‒ y dos ciclos de desequilibrio, uno relacionado con la productividad disfuncional y el otro con la discontinuidad administrativa. El análisis de los ciclos de compromiso permitió identificar los recursos del ambiente de trabajo que interfieren de diferentes formas en el compromiso de los servidores públicos. Finalmente, se utilizó el concepto de "ciclo de afrontamiento" como base de las políticas para los servidores desinteresados.

Abstract Civil servants have different levels of work engagement throughout their working lives. These variations are the work engagement cycles, which occur based on available resources and work environment demands. This study describes the work engagement cycles of federal civil servants based on their professional life histories, highlighting the demands and resources of the work environment in their professional trajectory. Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and the cognitive maps methodology, it was possible to identify a positive cycle of work engagement, a reinforcing cycle (related to opportunities and appreciation), and two disequilibrium cycles, one related to dysfunctional productivity and the other to administrative discontinuity. The analysis of the engagement cycles allowed the identification of work environment resources that interfere in the engagement of public servants in different ways. Finally, the concept of "coping cycle" was used as a subsidy of policies for disengaged servants.

Case Report: Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI Contribution for Clinical Implementation of Brain Disease

@#Currently, ASL is widely used as an additional breakthrough sequence in MRI due to acquiring reliable results. The case report aims to prove the efficacy and effectiveness of a quantitative method of ASL sequence through the calculation of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) on CBF maps in different cases. ASL sequence has been done on four patients with different cases. Then, the authors put 2 regions of interest (ROI) for measurement in normal and different regions on CBF maps and then calculated the average value result from CBF maps. ASL has been proven as a reliable and breakthrough sequence in MRI for detecting brain disease with a non-invasive method through the calculation of CBF value. ASL should be used as an additional protocol in brain examinations because it allows radiologists to assess the significance of CBF values using a quantitative method that is more reliable and non-invasiv

La inteligencia artificial y la video-vigilancia en la predicción y detección de delitos en espacio-tiempo: una revisión sistemática / Artificial intelligence and video surveillance in space-time crime prediction and detection: a systematic review / Inteligência artificial e vídeo-vigilância na previsão e detecção de crimes no espaço-tempo: uma revisão sistemática

En la sociedad de hoy los delitos vienen incrementándose y particularmente en la ciudad de Bogotá, lo que ha causado muchos inconvenientes a la Policía Nacional de Colombia, así como también a los centros de seguridad ciudadana. Ante esta situación, se ha propuesto una predicción de tiempo-espacio en los puntos críticos de crímenes y delitos, con la ayuda de inteligencia artificial. Por consiguiente, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar, resumir, interpretar y evaluar las distintas técnicas de predicción espacio-temporal de la delincuencia con un panorama inteligente. Por la propia naturaleza de la investigación, se utilizó una metodología de enfoque descriptivo-cualitativo, con la cual se diseñaron fichas de observación estructurada para sistematizar información de cinco bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, ACM, Springer; dichas publicaciones comprenden desde 2019 hasta junio de 2021. En consecuencia, se encontraron en total 3015 estudios, después del proceso de cribado y verificación de los criterios de exclusión e inclusión, se seleccionaron 132 artículos, luego se aplicaron preguntas Psicólogo Interno Residente (PIR), quedando así 18 artículos. Los principales hallazgos encontrados indican que los algoritmos de redes neuronales resultaron ser uno de los métodos más eficaces para la detección de puntos críticos de delincuencia, dado que los grandes avances de la tecnología coadyuvarían en los próximos años a predecir de forma rápida y eficaz los actos delictivos y los crímenes ubicados en cualquier región del continente latinoamericano.

In today's society, crimes are increasing, particularly in the city of Bogota, which has caused many inconveniences to the National Police of Colombia, as well as to the citizen security centers. Given this situation, a time-space prediction of crime and crime hotspots has been proposed with the help of artificial intelligence. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze, summarize, interpret and evaluate the various techniques of space-time prediction of crime with an intelligent view. Due to the very nature of the research, a descriptive-qualitative approach methodology was used, with which structured observation sheets were designed to systematize information from five da-tabases: Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, ACM, Springer; these publications span from 2019 to June 2021. Consequently, a total of 3015 studies were found, after the screening process and verification of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 132 articles were selected, then questions were applied Psychologist Internal Resident (PIR), thus leaving 18 articles. The main findings indicate that neural network algorithms proved to be one of the most effective methods for the detection of crime hotspots, given that the great advances in technology would help in the coming years to quickly and effectively predict criminal acts and crimes located in any region of the Latin American continent.

Na sociedade de hoje, a criminalidade está aumentando, particularmente na cidade de Bogotá, o que tem causado muitos inconvenientes para a Polícia Nacional Colombiana, bem como para os centros de segurança do cidadão. Diante desta situação, foi proposta uma previsão tempo-espacial de hotspots de crime com a ajuda da inteligência artificial. Portanto, este documento visa analisar, resumir, interpretar e avaliar as diversas técnicas de previsão espaço-temporal do crime com uma visão inteligente. Devido à própria natureza da pesquisa, foi utilizada uma metodologia de abordagem descritiva-qualitativa, com a qual foram elaboradas fichas de observação estrutura-das para sistematizar informações de cinco bancos de dados: Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, ACM, Springer; estas publicações abrangem o período de 2019 a junho de 2021. Consequentemente, foi encontrado um total de 3015 estudos, após o processo de triagem e verificação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão, 132 artigos foram selecionados, depois foram aplicadas perguntas ao Psicólogo em Residência (PIR), deixando 18 artigos. As principais descobertas indicam que os algoritmos de redes neurais provaram ser um dos métodos mais eficazes para a detecção de hotspots de crime, dado que os grandes avanços na tecnologia ajudarão nos próximos anos a prever rápida e efetivamente atos criminosos e crimes localizados em qualquer região do continente latino-americano.

Spatial variability of soil fertility under agroforestry system and native forest in eastern Amazonia, Brazil

The usage of spatial tools might be helpful in the optimization of decision-making regarding soil management, with technologies that assist in the interpretation of information related to soil fertility. Therefore, the present study evaluated the spatial variability of chemical attributes of the soil under an agroforestry system compared to a native forest in the municipality of Tomé-açu, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Soil samples were performed at 36 points arranged in a 55 x 55 m grid. The soils were prepared and submitted to analysis in order to determine pH in H2O, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and aluminium, available phosphorus, potential acidity, organic matter, bases saturation and aluminium saturation. For each soil attribute, the spherical, gaussian and exponential models were adjusted. After the semivariograms fitting, data interpolation for assessment of spatial variability of the variables was performed through ordinary kriging. The spherical and gaussian models were the most efficient models in estimation of soil attributes spatial variability, in most cases. Most of variables presented a regular spatial variability in their respective kriging maps, with some exceptions. In general, the kriging maps can be used, and we can take them as logistical maps for management and intervention practices in order to improve the soil fertility in the study areas. The results principal components indicate the need for integrated management of soil chemical attributes, with localized application of acidity correctors, fertilizers and other types of incomes, using the spatial variability of these fertility variables.

Áreas en riesgo para los mamíferos marinos en Colombia / Areas at risk for marine mammals in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: Los mamíferos marinos se ven afectados por diversas amenazas que deben identificarse para los esfuerzos de mitigación. Objetivo: Cuantificar visualmente las amenazas a los mamíferos marinos en Colombia e identificar acciones de mitigación. Métodos: Georreferenciamos las amenazas con base en la literatura, cubriendo 35 especies en el período 1991-2020, y las superpusimos en mapas de distribución de especies. Resultados: 22 especies presentaron al menos una amenaza. La captura incidental y las interacciones con los artes de pesca afectaron a 16 especies, seguidas de la captura directa (8 especies), el tráfico/tránsito de embarcaciones (6 especies) y la alteración de la física oceánica (6 especies). Las especies más afectadas, en cuanto a mayor diversidad de amenazas, son: ballena jorobada (Megaptera novaeangliae), manatí antillano del Caribe (Trichechus manatus), el tucuxi marino (Sotalia guianensis) y el delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus). Casi todo el territorio marino de Colombia presenta algún grado de riesgo para los mamíferos marinos. Las áreas de alto riesgo son Buenaventura, Guapi, Golfo de Cupica y Tumaco en el Pacífico; y Golfo de Urabá, Golfo de Darién, Golfo de Morrosquillo, frente a Barranquilla, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y Golfo de Coquivacoa en el Caribe. Conclusión: Los mamíferos marinos en Colombia se encuentran actualmente en riesgo debido a varias amenazas, especialmente relacionadas con actividades de pesca, caza/captura y transporte marítimo, principalmente en las zonas costeras. Se necesitan acciones urgentes de evaluación y gestión en las diez áreas de alto riesgo identificadas en este estudio.

Abstract Introduction: Marine mammals are affected by diverse threats that must be identified for mitigation efforts. Objective: To visually quantify threats to marine mammals in Colombia, and to identify mitigation actions. Methods: We georeferenced threats based on the literature, covering 35 species in the period 1991-2020, and superimposed them on species range maps. Results: 22 species had at least one threat. Bycatch and interactions with fishing gear affected 16 species, followed by direct capture (8 species), vessel traffic/transit (6 species) and alteration of ocean physics (6 species). The most affected species, in terms of the greatest diversity of threats, are: humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Caribbean West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), marine tucuxi (Sotalia guianensis) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Nearly all of Colombia's marine territory presents some degree of risk for marine mammals. High-risk areas are Buenaventura, Guapi, Cupica Gulf and Tumaco in the Pacific; and Urabá Gulf, Darién Gulf, Morrosquillo Gulf, off Barranquilla, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Coquivacoa Gulf in the Caribbean. Conclusion: Marine mammals in Colombia are currently at risk due to several threats, especially related to fishing, hunting/capture and shipping activities, mainly in coastal areas. Urgent evaluation and management actions are needed in the ten high-risk areas identified in this study.

Visualization analysis of lifestyle medicine knowledge maps based on Web of Science database / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the medical knowledge map of lifestyle medicine based on Web of Science database.Methods:“Lifestyle medicine” “lifestyle intervention” “lifestyle medicine strategy” and “lifestyle factor” were used as Mesh terms to search the core collections of Web of Science database. The time span was from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2021. The statistical function of Web of Science database was used for bibliometric analysis, and VOS Viewer software was used for co-occurrence analysis of authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and cited literature, then the visual knowledge maps were drawn.Results:A total of 5 717 articles were included, and the number of published articles from 2000 to 2021 showed an increasing trend. The top 10 authors were from the United States (nine authors) and Finland (one author); high producing countries included the United States (2 882 papers), the United Kingdom (1 254 papers) and Australia (781 papers), and China ranked sixth (499 papers). The most productive institutions were the Union of European Research Universities (946 articles), Harvard University (677 articles), University of California (313 articles), etc. The papers are mainly published in Diabetes, Circulation, BMC Public Health, Obesity, PLoS One, Med Sci Sports Exerc, etc. Five clusters were obtained by co-occurrence of key words, which were “health status” “lifestyle intervention” “lifestyle risk factors” “exercise and weight” and “chronic disease research”. The national cooperation network involves 67 countries. Conclusions:Recently, the research on lifestyle medicine shows a rapid growth trend. The current research interests include behavioral sciences, psychology, nutrition, endocrinology and metabolism, healthcare services, internal medicine, public health, pathology, cardiovascular medicine and geriatrics. Research hotspots include chronic disease and disease burden, whole life-cycle health, nutrition and exercise intervention and behavior change.

Os árbitros do desejo e os enteados da natureza: controvérsias e ontologias sobre a categoria pedofilia em torno do DSM - 5 / The arbiters of desire and the stepchildren of nature: controversies and ontologies on the category pedophilia around the DSM - 5

Pedofilia é categoria originada na psiquiatria do final do século XIX para descrever uma espécie das denominadas perversões ou desvios sexuais, hoje parafilias, que conceitua a atração sexual de adultos por crianças pré-púberes. Tornou-se objeto de proibição e punição legal, ligada à categoria "abuso sexual infantil", e de repúdio social extremo, que configurou um dos pânicos morais/sexuais a partir das últimas décadas do século XX, no Brasil a partir do início dos anos 2000. No entanto, é notável constatar que a categoria, suas definições e características e as práticas científicas e políticas decorrentes (de pesquisa, terapêuticas, jurídicas) são objeto de uma ampla literatura e intensas controvérsias acadêmicas, clínicas e forenses em muitos países centrais da Europa e América do Norte. A tese visa delinear controvérsias recentes sobre o diagnóstico psiquiátrico "pedofilia" em torno da revisão do Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders ­ DSM (Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais) ­, da American Psychiatric Association, para a formulação do DSM-5, publicado em 2013, através de uma amostra de artigos de autores presentes nas propostas de revisão do diagnóstico, que expressam epistemologias, ontologias e deontologias diversas e em confronto. Os temas das controvérsias analisadas são a mudança do diagnóstico para "pedohebefilia", a permanência ou remoção das parafilias e da pedofilia do Manual e sua natureza enquanto "orientação", "interesse" ou "preferência" sexual. As vozes presentes nas controvérsias incluem psiquiatras, sexólogos, psicólogos, historiadores e uma organização de "pessoas atraídas por menores" (MAPs), nova designação utilizada por uma vertente do ativismo pedófilo. O delineamento das controvérsias é feito a partir de seus enquadramentos institucionais, políticos, morais, éticos e clínicos, configurando disputas significativas nestas posições e um consenso em torno do "combate" e prevenção ao abuso sexual infantil, categoria forte na quase totalidade das formulações. Apesar disso, há um dissenso ideológico e político sobre se a psiquiatria deve ser um enquadramento deste crime, se este não é, de fato, problema jurídico e penal e não médico, numa crítica à extensão das entidades diagnósticas para fins morais e políticos de contemplar a opinião pública e o aparato judicial. A psiquiatria forense é campo prevalente e determinante, embora não único, da permanência da categoria enquanto diagnóstico médico. Por outro lado, são abordadas as lutas, presentes nas controvérsias e no ativismo, pela desestigmatização desta condição da sexualidade, sua distinção da violência sexual e pelo estabelecimento de cidadania plena para os MAPs, que inclui o respeito de seus direitos no atendimento em serviços de saúde mental.

Pedophilia is a category originated in psychiatry in the late 19th century to describe a species of the so-called sexual perversions or deviations, nowdays paraphilias, which conceptualizes the sexual attraction by adults of pre-pubertal children. It turned the object of legal prohibition and punition, linked to the category of "child sexual abuse", and of extreme social rejection, that shaped one of the moral/sexual panics since the last decades of the 20th century, in Brasil since the early 2000 years. Nevertheless, it's noticeable to verify that the category, its definitions and features, and the scientific and political ensuing practices (of research, therapeutic, legal) are the object of a large literature and intense academic, clinical and forensic controversies in many central countries of Europe and North America. The thesis intends to outline recent controversies on the psychiatric diagnosis "pedophilia" around the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders ­ DSM - of the American Psychiatric Association and the elaboration of the DSM-5, published in 2013, through a sample of papers of acting authors in the proposals of the revision of the diagnosis, which express various epistemologies, ontologies and deontologies in dispute. The themes of the controversies under analysis are the change of the diagnosis to "pedohebephilia", the tenure or removal of paraphilias and pedophilia from the Manual and its nature as a sexual "orientation", "interest" or "preference". The figuring voices in the controversies include psychiatrists, sexologists, psychologists, historians and an organization of "minor-attracted people" (MAPs), new designation used by a branch of the pedophile activism. The delineation of the controversies is made through their institutional, political, moral, ethical and clinical frames, outlining noteworthy disputes in these positions and a consensus around the "combat" and prevention of child sexual abuse, strong category in almost the whole of the formulations. In spite of this, there is an ideological and political dissent on if psychiatry should be a frame to handle a crime, if this one is a juridical and penal problem and not a medical one, in a criticism of the extension of diagnostic entities for moral and political ends to comply with public opinion and the apparatus of Justice. Forensic psychiatry is a prevailing and decisive field, though not the only one, in the maintenance of the category as a medical diagnosis. On the other hand, the struggles, active in the controversies and activism, over the de-stigmatization of this condition of sexuality, its distinction from sexual violence and for the establishment of a full citinzenship for MAPs, including the respect of their rights of assistance in mental health services, are addressed.

Micotoxinas en el análisis de los alimentos: Un estudio con indicadores bibliométricos y mapas de visualización / Mycotoxins in food analysis: A study with bibliometric indicators and visualization maps

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el desarrollo de la producción científica según año y revistas; determinar la estructura temática e identificar la red de coautoría de la literatura sobre micotoxinas en el análisis de los alimentos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con indicadores bibliométricos y mapas de visualización, en el que se usó la base de datos Scopus de los documentos incluidos desde el año 2011 al 2020. Se consideraron 453 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 382 artículos de investigación y 71 revisiones. El promedio de citas por artículo varió anualmente entre 6 (2019) y 40,5 (2012). La revista más productiva fue Mycotoxin Research, de la editorial Springer Nature. En el mapa de coocurrencias se obtuvieron 5 clústeres de descriptores. En el mapa de coautoría se hallaron 21 clústeres, 14 de ellos correspondieron a autores que investigaron en coautoría. El desarrollo científico tuvo una producción anual no uniforme, con crecimiento lento. La estructura temática según la red de coocurrencia indica que el término más frecuente es micotoxinas, correspondiente al enfoque micotoxinas que influyen en la salud pública del primer clúster. La red de coautoría indica que el 98,2 por ciento de los artículos fueron elaborados en coautoría y el autor más productivo fue Krska Rudolf, de la Queen's University Belfast, con 24 artículos(AU)

The purpose of the study was to identify the development of scientific production by year and journal, determine the thematic structure and identify the co-authorship network of the literature about mycotoxins in food analysis. A descriptive study was conducted of documents published in the database Scopus from 2011 to 2020, using bibliometric indicators and visualization maps. A total 453 articles were included which met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 382 were research articles and 71 were reviews. The average annual number of citations per article ranged from 6 in 2019 to 40.5 in 2012. The most productive journal was Mycotoxin Research from Springer Nature publishers. The co-occurrence map displayed five descriptor clusters, whereas the co-authorship map displayed 21 clusters, 14 of which corresponded to authors researching in co-authorship. Scientific development had a non-uniform, slowly growing annual output. The thematic structure according to the co-occurrence network shows that the most frequent term is mycotoxins, corresponding to mycotoxins influencing public health from the first cluster. The co-authorship network shows that 98.2percent of the articles were co-authored, and the most productive author was Krska Rudolf, from Queen's University, Belfast, with 24 articles(AU)

Large-scale advances in SSR markers with high-throughput sequencing in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud

BACKGROUND: Euphorbia fischeriana Steud is a very important medicinal herb and has significant medical value for healing cancer, edema and tuberculosis in China. The lack of molecular markers for Euphorbia fischeriana Steud is a dominant barrier to genetic research. For the purpose of developing many simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers, we completed transcriptome analysis with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. RESULTS: Approximately 9.1 million clean reads were acquired and then assembled into approximately 186.3 thousand nonredundant unigenes, 53,146 of which were SSR-containing unigenes. A total of 76,193 SSR loci were identified. Of these SSR loci, 28,491 were detected at the terminal position of ESTs, which made it difficult to design SSR primers for these SSR-containing sequences, and the residual SSRs were thus used to design primer pairs. Analyzing the results of these markers revealed that the mononucleotide motif A/T (44,067, 57.83% of all SSRs) was the most abundant, followed by the dinucleotide type AG/CT (9430, 12.38%). Using 100 randomly selected primer pairs, 77 primers were successfully amplified in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, and 79 were successfully amplified in three other related species. The markers developed displayed relatively high quality and cross-species transferability. CONCLUSIONS: The large number of EST-SSRs exploited successfully in Euphorbia fischeriana Steud for the first time could provide genetic information for research on linkage maps, variety identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding.

Use of computational intelligence in the genetic divergence of colored cotton plants

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity using conventional methods and artificial neural networks among 12 colored fiber cotton genotypes, using technological characteristics of the fiber and productivity in terms of cottonseed and cotton fiber yield. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located at Fazenda Capim Branco, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Twelve genotypes of colored fiber cotton were evaluated, 10 from the Cotton Genetic Improvement Program (PROMALG): UFUJP - 01, UFUJP - 02, UFUJP - 05, UFUJP - 08, UFUJP - 09, UFUJP - 10, UFUJP - 11, UFUJP - 13, UFUJP - 16, UFUJP - 17 and two commercial cultivars: BRS Rubi (RC) and BRS Topázio (TC). The experimental design used was complete randomized block (CRB) with three replications. The following evaluations were carried out at full maturation: yield of cottonseed (kg ha-1) and the technological characteristics, which include, fiber length, micronaire, maturation, length uniformity, short fiber index, elongation and strength, using the HVI (High volume instrument) device. Genetic dissimilarity was measured using the generalized Mahalanobis distance and after obtaining the dissimilarity matrix, the genotypes were grouped using a hierarchical clustering method (UPGMA). A discriminant analysis and the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM) by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN's) were performed through computational intelligence. SOM was able to detect differences and organize the similarities between accesses in a more coherent way, forming a larger number of groups, when compared to the method that uses the Mahalanobis matrix. It was also more accurate than the discriminant analysis, since it made it possible to differentiate groups more coherently when comparing their phenotypic behavior. The methods that use computational intelligence proved to be more efficient in detecting similarity, with Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map being the most adequate to classify and group cotton genotypes.

Cross-country orienteering: interventions for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The visual health of children and adolescents in China has become a major issue that is relevant to the nation s present and its future. This article analyzed the value of map reading and searching for specific features during orienteering projects for myopia prevention and control. The findings suggest that orienteering exercises show good regulatory effects on eye muscles, effectively improve concentration, and help to stimulate mental activity and visual system. Targeted exercises, including scanning maps for specific features, is beneficial for myopia prevention and control. It is proposed that, by changing the teaching style of cross-country orienteering, teaching space, and teaching scene, exercises can be tailored to treat and relieve eye strain, as well as to prevent and control myopia, which is essential to promote the visual health of children and adolescents.

Regulation of EMT in lung cancer cells by interaction of Hsp90 and SIRT1 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and evaluate its effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:EMT model was established by treating lung cancer A549 cells with 5 μg/L transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which was used as TGF-β1 group, and the normal lung cancer A549 cells were used as control group. The interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 in lung cancer A549 cells was detected by immunocoprecipitation method. The expression of Hsp90 gene was silenced by RNA interference technique, and the cells were divided into TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90-neg group and TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group. Transwell invasion assay was used to investigate the effect of the interaction of Hsp90 and SIRT1 on the invasion ability of lung cancer A549 cells. The expressions of Hsp90, SIRT1, E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by Western blotting. The effect of inhibiting Hsp90 expression on the stability of SIRT1 protein and EMT of lung cancer A549 cells was observed.Results:After 48 h induction with TGF-β1, EMT characteristics of lung cancer A549 cells were induced successfully. The relative expression levels of Hsp90 protein in the control group and TGF-β1 group were 0.45±0.05 and 1.31±0.06, respectively, the relative expression levels of SIRT1 protein were 0.29±0.04 and 0.95±0.08, respectively, and there were statistically signigicant differences ( t=10.98, P=0.018; t=7.39, P=0.028). The results of immunocoprecipitation showed that there was an interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 protein in lung cancer A549 cells. The relative expression levels of Hsp90 in the TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90-neg group and TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group were 0.75±0.07, 0.63±0.06 and 0.23±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=18.85, P=0.012). The relative expression levels of SIRT1 in the above three groups were 0.99±0.08, 0.97±0.12 and 0.35±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=16.52, P=0.014). The expression levels of Hsp90 and SIRT1 in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group were significantly lower than those in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.019, P=0.016). The numbers of cells passing Matrigel in the above three groups were 378.13±27.70, 323.52±19.82 and 142.51±22.54, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=27.35, P=0.022). The number of cells passing Matrigel in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group was significantly less than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.028). The relative expression levels of E-cadherin in the above three groups were 0.31±0.02, 0.34±0.04 and 0.63±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=19.39, P=0.031). The relative expression levels of vimentin in the above three groups were 0.33±0.02, 0.27±0.05 and 0.09±0.03, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=12.58, P=0.012). The expression level of E-cadherin in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group was significantly higher than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.017), while the expression level of vimentin was significantly lower than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.023). Conclusion:Hsp90 interacts with SIRT1, and Hsp90 inhibition can lead to the decrease of SIRT1 protein level. Hsp90 may play a role of molecular chaperone to maintain the conformation stability of SIRT1, and the interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 may be one of the molecular mechanisms for the occurrence of EMT and the enhancement of invasion ability of lung cancer A549 cells.

Mapping Domain- and Age-Specific Functional Brain Activity for Children’s Cognitive and Affective Development / 神经科学通报·英文版

The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood, with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions. Mapping domain- and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions. The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development. By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children (aged 7 to 12) across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow, we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains: attention, executive function, emotion, and risky decision-making. Moreover, we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs. This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa). Our study provides domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.

Cartografía social: construyendo territorio a partir de los activos comunitarios en salud / Social cartography: building territory from community assets in health / Mapeamento social: construindo território a partir de ativos de saúde da comunidade

RESUMEN Existe la necesidad de identificar herramientas participativas que permitan explorar los activos para la salud a partir del reconocimiento del territorio por parte de la comunidad. Objetivo: evidenciar la utilización de la cartografa social como método para el estudio de los activos en salud a nivel comunitario. Metodología: se presenta la experiencia de la cartografa social, basada en el análisis de la categoría "diseño metodológico" del estudio base, con lo cual se consolida el sentido de pertenencia a partir de representaciones gráficas de la realidad existente en la comunidad. Resultados: las orientaciones detalladas sobre cómo realizar un estudio para conocer los activos comunitarios a través de la cartografía social son mostradas a través de la experiencia de las investigadoras en campo. Se desarrollaron cinco etapas: conocimiento del territorio, acercamiento a la comunidad, utilización de herramientas de indagación comunitaria, proceso de mapeo y establecimiento de acuerdos. Conclusión: la identificación de los activos comunitarios hace posible que la comunidad reconozca sus fortalezas personales, familiares y sociales, reflexionen y analicen su realidad, reconociendo aquellos elementos en los que se desarrolla su vida cotidiana, por tanto, podría afirmarse que la cartografa social aporta para la elaboración de rutas de vida a nivel comunitario.

ABSTRACT There is a need to identify participatory tools to explore health assets based on community recognition of the territory Objective: To highlight the use of social mapping as a method for the study of health assets at the community level. Methodology: The experience of social mapping is presented, based on the analysis of the "methodological design" category of the base study which consolidates the sense of belonging based on graphic representations of the existing reality in the community. Results: Detailed guidelines on how to conduct a study to learn about community assets through social mapping are shown through the experience of the field researchers. Five stages were developed: knowledge of the territory approach to the community use of community research tools, mapping process and establishment of agreements. Conclusion: The identification of community assets makes it possible for the community to recognize its personal, family and social strengths, to reflect on and analyze its reality, recognizing those elements in which its daily life is developed. Therefore, it could be said that social mapping contributes to the elaboration of life routes at the community level.

RESUMO É necessário identificar ferramentas participativas que permitam a exploração de ativos de saúde com base no reconhecimento do território pela comunidade. Objetivo: Demonstrar o uso da cartografia social como método de estudo dos ativos de saúde em nível comunitário. Metodologia: É apresentada a experiência da cartografia social, com base na análise da categoria "desenho metodológico" do estudo de base, que consolida o sentido de pertencimento a partir das representações gráficas da realidade existente na comunidade. Resultados: Orientações detalhadas sobre como conduzir um estudo para aprender sobre os ativos da comunidade através do mapeamento social são mostradas através da experiência de pesquisadores da área. Foram desenvolvidas cinco etapas: conhecimento do território, abordagem à comunidade, uso de ferramentas de investigação da comunidade, processo de mapeamento e estabelecimento de acordos. Conclusão: A identificação dos ativos da comunidade possibilita que a comunidade reconheça suas forças pessoais, familiares e sociais, reflita e analise sua realidade, reconhecendo os elementos em que seu cotidiano é desenvolvido, portanto, pode-se afirmar que o mapeamento social fornece para o desenvolvimento de rotas de vida em nível comunitário.

Uso de mapas conceptuales en Razonamiento Clínico como herramienta para favorecer el rendimiento académico / The Usage of Conceptual Maps in the Subject Clinical Reasoning as a Tool for Improving Academic Performance

Introducción: Las dificultades presentes en la educación en ciencias de la salud son experimentadas por docentes y estudiantes en las asignaturas disciplinares. Los profesores requieren entregar y evaluar gran volumen de contenidos y los alumnos deben asimilar estos rápidamente para obtener un adecuado rendimiento. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la creación de mapas conceptuales sobre el rendimiento, en la asignatura Razonamiento Clínico de la carrera de kinesiología de una universidad privada de la V región, Chile. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental, en el que participaron dos grupos: control y experimental. En el grupo experimental se aplicó la intervención con la incorporación de la herramienta de creación de mapas conceptuales en dos unidades temáticas. Se evaluó el rendimiento pre- y posintervención. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por dos grupos de estudiantes de Kinesiología (n = 55), que cursaron la asignatura Razonamiento Clínico del séptimo semestre, correspondiente al primer semestre de 2017 de la malla curricular en la carrera de kinesiología, en una universidad privada de la ciudad de la V región, Chile. Resultados: El rendimiento pre- y posintervención indicó una diferencia significativa en las calificaciones correspondientes a las unidades II y III en el grupo experimental (t-test pareado p < 0,0001). Al comparar el desempeño entre ambos grupos: control y experimental, este último obtuvo un promedio de notas significativamente superior al grupo control en las unidades II y III (t-test, p < 0,0001). La unidad I no presentó diferencias notables entre el grupo control con respecto al experimental (ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test, p > 0,05). Conclusiones: La estrategia de crear mapas conceptuales incrementa el rendimiento en la asignatura Razonamiento Crítico para abordar problemas clínicos. La creación de mapas conceptuales favorece el aprendizaje y permite identificar habilidades que denotan mayor dificultad en los estudiantes. Se propone la incorporación de estos mapas en formación sistemática como herramienta de enseñanza y evaluación(AU)

Introduction: The difficulties present in health sciences education are experienced by teachers and students in disciplinary subjects. Teachers need to deliver and evaluate large volumes of content and students must assimilate these quickly in order to obtain adequate performance. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of creating conceptual maps on performance, in the subject Clinical Reasoning of the Kinesiology major of a private university of the V Region, Chile. Methods: Quasiexperimental study with the participation of two groups, a control group and an experimental group. In the experimental group, the intervention was applied with the incorporation of the tool for creating conceptual maps in two thematic units. Pre- and post-intervention performance was evaluated. The study population consisted of two groups of students of Kinesiology (n=55), who attended the subject Clinical Reasoning of the seventh semester, corresponding to the first semester of 2017, of the curriculum in the Kinesiology major at a private university in the city of the V region, Chile. Results: The pre- and post-intervention performance indicated a significant difference in the qualifications corresponding to units II and III in the experimental group (paired t-test p<0.0001). When comparing the performance between both groups, control and experimental, the latter obtained an average of significantly higher scores than the control group in units II and III (t-test, p < 0.0001). Unit I did not show notable differences between the control group and the experimental group (ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test, p > 0.05). Conclusions: The strategy of creating conceptual maps increases the performance in the subject Critical Reasoning, for the addressing of clinical problems. The creation of conceptual maps favors learning and allows the identification of skills that denote greater difficulty in students. The incorporation of these maps in systematic training is proposed as a teaching and evaluation tool(AU)

Mapas mentales y aprendizaje móvil para la dirección del trabajo independiente en Morfofisiología / Mental maps and mobile learning devices for the management of independent work in morphology-physiology subject

RESUMEN Introducción: en estos tiempos, aprender y enseñar implica adoptar modelos no tradicionales y propiciar las vías para acceder al conocimiento, en lo que el desarrollo del aprendizaje móvil conlleva a la aparición de nuevos modelos y metodologías de presentación de los contenidos de aprendizaje. Objetivo: confeccionar una aplicación móvil de mapas mentales para sintetizar, organizar y presentar gráficamente al estudiante la información de apoyo para su autopreparación durante la ejecución del trabajo independiente, así como su aprendizaje significativo. Desarrollo: los resultados corresponden a una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva y a la aplicación preliminar de una estrategia en función del perfeccionamiento de la dirección del trabajo independiente, en la disciplina Morfofisiología de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, para lo cual se consideraron las posibilidades que ofrece la aplicación para Android, Mindomo, versión 3.0.15, destinada a la elaboración de esquemas y mapas mentales, que permitió representar los contenidos de la disciplina libres de la organización lineal que ofrecen los textos o materiales que forman parte de la bibliografía. Conclusiones: los esquemas y mapas mentales elaborados mediante el uso de tecnología móvil, permitieron sintetizar, organizar y presentar gráficamente al estudiante la información de apoyo para su autopreparación durante la ejecución del trabajo independiente; favoreció la integración de los contenidos de Morfofisiología, al destacar sus invariantes, así como al aprendizaje significativo y colaborativo en la solución de las tareas docentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in these times, learning and teaching implies adopting non-traditional models and promoting ways to access to knowledge, in which the development of mobile learning devices lead to the appearance of new models and methodologies for the presentation of learning contents. Objective: to prepare a mobile application of mental maps to synthesize, organize and graphically present to the student the support information for their self-preparation during the execution of independent work, as well as their meaningful learning. Development: the results correspond to a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research and to the preliminary application of a strategy responding to the improvement of the management of independent work in the subject morphology-physiology in Dentistry Studies at Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, which was made considering the possibilities that as a learning resource offers the application for Android, Mindomo, version 3.0.15 aimed at creating schemes and mental maps, which allowed to represent the contents of the subject free of the linear organization offered by the textbooks or materials that are part of the literature. Conclusions: the schemes and mental maps created by means of mobile learning devices, allowed to synthesize, organize and graphically present to the students the support information for their self-preparation during the management of the independent work; it favored the integration of the contents of morphology and physiology, emphasizing its invariants, as well as to the significant and collaborative learning to solve the teaching tasks.

Genomics and animal production / Genómica y producción animal

Abstract Developing countries have the challenge of achieving food security in a world context that is affected by climate change and global population growth. Molecular Genetics and genomics are proposed as technologies that will help to achieve sustainable food security. Technologies that have been developed in the last decade such as the development of genetic markers, genetic maps, genomic selection, next-generation sequencing, and DNA editing systems are discussed. Examples of some discoveries and achievements are provided.

Resumen Los países en vías de desarrollo tienen el reto de alcanzar seguridad alimentaria en un contexto mundial afectado por el cambio climático y crecimiento poblacional global. La genética molecular y la genómica son propuestas como tecnologías que ayudarán a alzanzar una seguridad alimentaria sostenible. Tecnologías que han sido desarrolladas en la última década como el desarrollo de marcadores moleculares, mapeo genético, selección genómica, secuenciamiento de próxima generación y sistemas de edición de ADN son discutidos. Se proveen ejemplos de algunos descubrimientos y logros.

Correlation Between Posture of Job and Musculoskeletal Disorders Complains Among Emergency Departement Nurses in General Hospital Distric of Tangerang City

@#Introduction: Based on World Health Organization (WHO) incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is estimated to reach 60.4% of all occupational illness. Research conducted in the UK and Hongkong on nurses reported lower stage pain of 38% and 39% and some neck pain 34% and 31% respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders are basically complaints of pain in parts of our body that include muscles, joints, ligaments, skeletons, and nerves. Work posture is one of the factors that influence the increase in musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of the research is to identify correlation between posture at job with musculoskeletal disorders complaints in the emergency department among nurses. Methods: The Method of the research was a quantitative research using cross sectional methods with Spearmen Rho correlation statistic test and the sampling method used total sampling. The sample size in this study was 40 nurses in the Emergency Department. Data collection was conducted by using Nordic Body Maps questionnaire to assess Musculoskeletal Disorder and posture of job assessment was carried out by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Results: The results from this study showed that half of respondents (50%) were 26-30 years old, more than half (67%) of respondents are male, more than half (60%) have very high risks due to posture of job, and more than half (55%) had heavy complaints. Conclusion: There was a correlation between job posture with musculoskeletal disorders.

Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles prioritarias en la Región Caribe Colombiana en el periodo 2008-2015: un análisis de la mortalidad / Chronic noncommunicable diseases priority in the Colombian Caribbean Region in the period 2008-2015: An analysis of mortality

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar el riesgo de muerte por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles prioritarias en la región Caribe colombiana en el periodo 2008-2015. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un estudio ecológico se analizaron los datos de mortalidad disponibles en el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Con el ajuste de las tasas de mortalidad mediante razones estandarizadas de mortalidad (REM) por edad y sexo y mediante un modelo bayesiano, se estimó el riesgo suavizado de morir por causa de las enfermedades priorizadas. Se valoró su evolución temporal con tasas ajustadas anuales de mortalidad. Resultados: De 2008 a 2015 ocurrieron 148.331 muertes, de las cuales 76 201 (51,4 %) ocurrieron en hombres. El 58.1 % (86 185 muertes) corresponden a trastornos en el sistema circulatorio, seguido de los tumores malignos con un 24.4 % (36 188 muertes). Las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón ocupan el primer lugar en las causas de muerte, con un aumento significativo (p<0,001) del riesgo a partir de 2011, al igual que la tendencia en neoplasias de próstata (p<0,001) y mama en mujeres (p=0,022). Conclusión: La mortalidad debida a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles estudiadas aumentó en la región en el período 2008-2015. Con una mayor tendencia en el riesgo en los hombres para la mayoría de las enfermedades, lo que genera información relevante para que los tomadores de decisiones en salud ajusten los programas y servicios de prevención de la enfermedad, promoción, atención y rehabilitación en salud acorde a la realidad del ente territorial.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the risk of mortality due to Chroic noncommunicable diseases priority in the Colombian Caribbean region using Bayesian methods for the 2008-2015 period. Instruments and methods: Through an ecological study, the mortality data available in the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) database was analyzed. Adjusting the mortality rates using standardized mortality ratios (REM) by age and gender and using a Bayesian model, the smoothed risk of dying due to prioritized diseases was estimated. Its temporal evolution was assessed with annual adjusted mortality rates. Results: For the 2008 - 2015 period, 148,331 people died, 76 201 (51.4 %) of which were men. 58.1 % (86 185 deaths) correspond to disorders in the circulatory system, followed by malignant tumors with 24.4 % (36 188 deaths). Ischemic heart diseases occupy the first place in the causes of death with a significant increase (p<0,001) of risk as of 2011, likewise for prostate neoplasms (p<0,001) and breast neoplasms in women (p=0,022). Conclusion: Mortality due to the observed chronic noncommunicable diseases increased in the region during the 2008-2015 period. There is a greater tendency of risk for men for the majority of the diseases which generates relevant information so that the decisión makers in healthcare adjust the programs and services of disease prevention, promotion, attention and rehabilitation according to the reality of the territorial entity.