Predictors of Preventive Practices towards HFMD among Mothers of Preschool Children in Klang District

Introduction: During which HFMD epidemic has kept on recurring worldwide, effective vaccine and specific treatment for HFMD are still not available, calling attention to on preventive practices as the mainstay of the management. Therefore, it is timely to renew the assessment on maternal preventive practices and its predictors in Klang District, Selangor wherein the endemicity and upsurge of HFMD cases has been demonstrated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st April 2017 until 15th May 2015 among mothers of Community Development Department (KEMAS) preschool children in Klang District. Respondents were selected based on probability proportional to size sampling, whereas data collection was facilitated by validated, and reliable self-administered questionnaire, that examine on the preventive practices towards HFMD. Results: A total of 353 mothers responded to questionnaire, resulting response rate of 80.2%. Most of the respondent were housewife, married and obtained educational level up to secondary school. Insufficient knowledge score (13.61 ± 4.04) was demonstrated, with health belief highlighted on low mean score for perceived severity and perceived barrier, which was 8.30(SD=1.36) and 7.80(SD=2.14) respectively. Simple linear regression revealed significant linear relationship between preventive practices with knowledge and all health belief subscales. Hierarchical multiple linear regression reported predictors of preventive practices towards HFMD, which include knowledge, (perceived susceptibility)2, perceived severity, and perceived barrier, with the group of variables was significantly predicting the (preventive practice)3 and accounted for 13.1% variance in the (preventive practices)3 (F[5,347]=11.588, p value=<0.001, adjusted R2=0.131). Conclusion: The four predictors derived from this study should be given further attention in planning for future HFMD intervention

Práticas educativas maternas no primeiro ano de vida / Maternal educational practices during the first year of life

The strategies used by parents in education and childcare play a major role in the child's development and health OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the maternal educational practices during the first year of life METHODS: A total of 250 mothers of infants between 1-12 months participated in the study. The data was collected using the Parental Styles Inventory for Mothers of Babies (IEPMB RESULTS: Mothers used the positive parenting practice: Monitoring Positive. However negative practices were also present in the repertoire of the participants, especially Relaxed Discipline CONCLUSION: The negative practices were not common in the behavioural repertoire of the mothers, so this phase is an appropriate stage to promote preventative interventions aimed at improving the mother-infant relationship, and therefore impacting health prevention, health promotion and child development...

As estratégias utilizadas pelos pais na educação e cuidados dos filhos possuem uma função primordial no desenvolvimento e saúde infantil. A presente pesquisa pretendeu descrever e analisar as práticas educativas maternas no primeiro ano de vida. Participaram da pesquisa 250 mães com filhos no primeiro ano de vida, de um a 12 meses de idade, nas quais foi aplicado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais para Mães de Bebês. Os resultados revelaram que as mães utilizam-se com frequência da prática parental positiva Monitoria Positiva, no entanto as práticas negativas, também são presentes no repertório das participantes, principalmente a prática Disciplina Relaxada. Como a maioria das práticas negativas ainda não são freqüentes no repertório comportamental das mães, esta fase seria portanto, um ótimo momento para a realização de intervenções preventivas que visem aprimorar o relacionamento mãe-criança, e consequentemente atuar na prevenção e promoção da saúde e do desenvolvimento...

Comportamiento maternal de Arctocephalus Australis, en Isla de Lobos - Uruguay / Maternal behavior of Arctocephalus Australis, in Isla de Lobos - Uruguay

Comportamiento maternal de Arctocephalus australis, En los mamíferos, generalmente las hembras realizan el cuidado de la progenie repartiendo su inversión entre las crías presentes y futuras, maximizando la relación costo-beneficio. La variación en los comportamientos del cuidado maternal puede afectar en forma diferencial la supervivencia de las crías. A. australis se presenta como un interesante modelo para evaluar la incidencia de los diferentes componentes del cuidado maternal en la supervivencia del cachorro e investigar la ocurrencia de variación mensual y diaria de los comportamientos madre-cría. Diariamente se registró la presencia de hembras marcadas en la colonia mediante muestreos focales y de barrido. La frecuencia de los estados y eventos comportamentales variaron entre los meses de muestreo. Los viajes de alimentación de las madres exhibieron una duración muy variable, y el patrón de viajes-asistencia así como la permanencia de la madre con su cría incidieron en la supervivencia de los cachorros. Los resultados se discuten enmarcados en diferentes hipótesis

In mammals, paternal care is usually performed by females, dividing their investment between present and future offspring and maximizing the cost-benefit relationship. Variation in maternal care behaviour can affect pups’ survival differentially. A. australis is an interest model to assess the incidence of different components of maternal care behaviour on pups’ survival, as well as the monthly and daily variation in mother-calf behaviour. The presence of marked females at the rookery was recorded using focal and scanning sampling methods. State and event frequencies changed between months. Feeding trips had highly variable duration and the survival was strongly affected by the foraging cycle strategy used and the mother-pup contact recorded. The results are discussed in the frame of different hypotheses

Atendimento odontológico da criança: percepção materna / The child's dental treatment: maternal perception

Objetivos: Verificar a percepção e comportamento materno sobre atendimento odontológico de crianças, bem como analisar a opinião das mães sobre a necessidade da sua presença na sala de atendimento clínico e aceitação em relação às técnicas de manejo comportamental. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 100 mães cujos filhos, na faixa etária de 3 a 12 anos, foram inseridos no Programa de Saúde da Família da Vila Lacasa na cidade de Cachoeirinha, Pernambuco, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2006. Os dados foram coletados a partir de formulários validados pelo método face a face, sendo realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: Verificou-se que uma parcela significativa de mães não tem medo do atendimento odontológico (68%) e exercem forte influência na opinião e comportamento dos filhos. A principal causa do medo das mães foi a dor (45,8%). Independentemente do nível de escolaridade, a maioria das mães prefere estar presente na sala de atendimento (85%), pois elas acreditam que melhoram o comportamento da criança (64%). O principal motivo que levou a mãe a procurar o serviço odontológico para seu filho foi a prevenção de cáries (51%), seguida da dor (29%). As mães não mostraram restrição quanto à utilização das técnicas de manejo comportamental (73%). Conclusão: As mães entrevistadas apresentaram forte influência no comportamento dos filhos e independente do nível de escolaridade, a maioria das mães prefere estar presente na sala de atendimento clínico, aceitando as técnicas de manejo, desde que devidamente informadas.

Objectives: To verify the maternal perception of and behavior towards children's dental treatment, as well as to analyze the opinion of the mothers on the need of their presence in the clinical attendance room and acceptance with regard to the techniques of behavioral management.Methods: The study involved interviews with 100 mothers whose children between 3 and 12 years old, had been in the Family Health Program of Vila Lacasa, in the city of Cachoeirinha, Pernambuco, Brazil, in the period from November to December of 2006. Data were collected from forms validated by the face-to-face method, and a descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The mothers were divided into groups considering the number of years of schooling and social-economic level. Results: It was verified that a significant number of the mothers were not afraid of dental treatment (68%), exerting a strong influence on the children's opinion and behavior.The main causes of fear in the mothers was pain (45.8%). Irrespective of the educational level, the majority of the mothers preferred to be present in the attendance room (85%), since they believed their presence improved the child's behavior (64%). The main reason why the mother sought dental treatment for her child was the prevention of caries (51%), followed by pain (29%). Conclusion: The interviewed mothers were shown to have a strong influence on the behaviour of the children and irrespective of their educational level most mothers preferred to be present in the attendance room, accepting the management techniques, provided that they were adequately informed.

Algunas consideraciones relacionadas con el conocimiento del programa maternidad y paternidad consciente / Some considerations related with the knowledge of the program maternity and conscious paternity

Se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo ensayo comunitario con el fin de evaluar el conocimiento que sobre el Programa Maternidad y Paternidad Consciente existía en un grupo de mujeres en edad fértil, entrevistadas durante el año 1997. De un universo de 883, se escogió una muestra de 150 que se hallaban embarazadas, procedentes de 20 consultorios médicos de la familia, distribuidos equitativamente, de los Policlínicos Docentes Comunitarios"28 de Septiembre" y "Municipal" de Santiago de Cuba, en las que se aplicó una encuesta que contemplaba distintas variables de interés. Entre los resultados más relevantes figura que más de la mitad de las embarazadas refirió no tener conocimientos acerca del Programa, porque lo conocen por el nombre tradicional de sicoprofilaxis del parto, cuando no es más que la fusión de ésta con algunos elementos nuevos; de ahí la importancia que tiene familiarizar a la población con dicho programa en su nueva forma de maternidad y paternidad consciente(AU)

A community test-type analytical study was performed to evaluate knowledge of a group of women at fertile age, who had been interviewed during 1997, on the Conscious Motherhood and Fatherhood Program. Of 883 women, 150 pregnant women were chosen, who came from 20 family physician offices of Community Teaching Polyclinics "28 de Septiembre" and "Municiapal" in Santiago de Cuba province. The survey applied had different variables of interest. One of the most relevant results was that over half of pregnant women stated that they did not know anything about this Program because they knew it under the traditional name of Psychoprophylaxis of Delivery. The new program is just the fusion of the former with some new elements, so it is important to familiarize the population with this program in its new form as Conscious Motherhood and Fatherhood Program(AU)

Breast Feeding: A Neurobiologic Perspective

Breast-feeding(BF) failures are common in industrialized societies and can only partly be explained by social, psychologic, cultural and cognitive factors. The more profound causes remain unknown. This annotation presents clinical observations suggesting that several nursing care rituals in delivery rooms and maternity wards interfere with innate behavioural programs and consequently may disturb the unfolding feeding behaviour. Mother-infant interaction including BF depend on the activation of a complex network of neuronal pathways in "the old mammalian brain", as well as of certain hormonal systems especially within the neuropeptide family. Since this organization shows an evolutionary stability one can assume that it has partly been preserved in the human. Initiation and promotion of breast-feeding will benefit if the perinatal care of mother and baby supports their innate behavioural agendas. Mothers who fail often have a low confidence in their ability to breast-feed. The self-confidence is strengthened when the mother experiences that her baby all by itself can find the nipple and begin to suck within an hour of delivery. Similarly this early start helps the baby to develop an adequate sucking technique.