Relación entre tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento y perfiles de personalidad en mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Relationship between growth hormone treatment and personality profiles in women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la existencia de perfiles distintivos en las escalas de personalidad en relación con la aplicación o no de hormona de crecimiento en 73 mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner de Latinoamérica. Para ello se administró, en formato online, el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II y un cuestionario clínico para recabar datos sobre la realización o no de tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento durante el desarrollo con el fin de omparar ambos grupos. Los resultados encontrados muestran que el grupo que no realizó tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento obtiene medias más altas en casi la totalidad de las escalas de personalidad básicas y patológicas en comparación con el grupo que sírealizó tratamiento, siendo dicha diferencia significativa en la escala esquizotípica. Esta escala se asocia con necesidades afectivas mínimas, aislamiento social y apego empobrecido. Estos resultados podrían dar cuenta que el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento sería un factor positivo para esta población, favoreciendo el desarrollo de características de personalidad más adaptativas en relación a lo social.

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of distinctive profiles on the personality scales in relation to the application or not of the growth hormone in 73 adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome in Latin America. For it was administered, in online form, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II and a clinical questionnaire to collect data on the realization or non-treatment with growth hormone during development in order to compare both groups. The results show that the group did not make growth hormone treatment gets highest averages in nearly all of the basic and pathological personality scales compared to the group that if he completed treatment, being such significant difference in schizotypal scale. This scale is associatedwith minimal emotional needs, social isolation and impoverished attachment. These results might note that treatment with growth hormone could be a positive factorfor this population, favoring the development of more adaptive personality characteristics in relation to the social aspects.

Análisis de perfiles de personalidad en mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Analysis of personality profiles in adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El Síndrome de Turner es el trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, de mayor incidencia poblacional en el sexo femenino, determinado por la deleción parcial o total del cromosoma X. En el desarrollo de las mujeres con este diagnóstico intervienen factores genéticos, familiares, educacionales y sociales que resultan relevantes en la consolidación de la personalidad. El objetivo del trabajo realizado fue caracterizar la personalidad de mujeres adultas con Síndrome de Turner residentes en Latinoamérica. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional y corresponde a 60 mujeres entre 18 y 55 años. Los datos se recabaron a través de una versión virtual del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II. Se transformaron las puntuaciones directas en puntuaciones Tasa Base y se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para caracterizar a las participantes de la muestra. Posteriormente se calculó la razón de momios para obtener el índice de la probabilidad que las mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner presentaran trastornos de la personalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad que presenta dicha población de padecer trastornos de personalidad, en comparación con una muestra clínica normativa, resulta superior para todos los trastornos, siendo las escalas autodestructiva, compulsiva y antisocial aquellas que presentan los porcentajes más altos. Los datos obtenidos dan cuenta de la vulnerabilidad que presenta la población estudiada de padecer trastornos de personalidad y son útiles para el desarrollo de terapias específicas que consideren dichas características en pos de una mejor calidad de vida.

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal, not inherited, disorder highest population incidence in females, determined by the partial or complete deletion of chromosome X. Is characterized by short stature and digenesia gonadal and, in a psychosocial level, one of the most common traits are the difficulties in establishing interpersonal relationships. In the development of women with diagnosis of Turner syndrome involves genetic, family, educational and social factors that are relevant in the establishment and consolidation of personality. This last one results from the interaction between biological and environmental factors among which are the inheritance and the learnings. The influence of the personality is a determining factor in the behavior and in the way to adapt to the environment, and may be favorable or pathological depending on the degree of flexibility in the situations of stress. The study of the influence of biological and environmental factors on human development is part of the new contributions of the biopsychosocial paradigm, which seeks to understand the psychological processes through a comprehensive vision that takes into account the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors in the development. This interdisciplinary approach oriented perspective becomes more conducive to addressing people with genetic disorders frame, since the differential impact of each of these factors in psychosocial development directly affect their quality of life. The study of personality in people with genetic disorders, and especially in the Turner Syndrome, is currently a vacant area in psychological research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the personality of adult women with Turner syndrome living in Latin America. The sample was intentional non-probability and corresponds to 60 women between 18 and 55 years. The data were gathered through a virtual version of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II in the Spanish version. The direct scores transformed on scores Rate-Base and descriptive statistics of frequencies and measures of central tendency were obtained to characterize the sample. Subsequently the odds ratio was calculated to obtain the index of the probability of women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome present personality disorders. The presence of a personality disorder was considered when the score in the Rate-Base was greater than 84. The results show that the probability that women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome presents of suffering from personality disorders, in comparison with a clinical normative sample, is higher for all disorders, being antisocial, self-destructive and compulsive scales those presenting the highest percentages. Thus, despite the limitations encountered, it is important to consider that, according to the finding of the scientific literature, personality is partly determined by biological factors, and in this sense the Turner syndrome has a particular specificity to result from loss of genetic material and therefore cause physical and neuropsychological distinctive characteristics. At the same time, environmental factors would be responsible for modular the development of biological predispositions of certain personality traits, and in this sense social relations, the process of socialization and stimulation that provide girls with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome from the early years of life, could have a strong impact on the development of what in future will be formed personality style. The results are important for therapeutic work with women diagnosed with Turner syndrome because as having empirical information about their characteristics and personality disorders may be possible to diagramming programs specific treatments they consider their particular way of relating to themselves and the environment, seeking to develop new strategies to improve their quality of life. And at the same time, suggests possible interventions at the family level, especially during childhood, aimed at the prevention of development of dysfunctional personality characteristics.

Atitude faking e as escalas de verificação da versão adaptada do MCMI-III para o Brasil / Faking responses and modifying scales of brazilian portuguese version of MCMI-III / Actitud faking y las escalas de modificación de la versión adaptada de MCMI-III para Brasil

Os inventários objetivos de autorrelato têm sido amplamente utilizados nas últimas décadas. Padrões de resposta enviesados dão espaço à simulação, se constituindo como um importante problema desses instrumentos. O MCMI-III é um instrumento para avaliação da personalidade amplamente utilizado no mundo, em diversos contextos onde a simulação pode estar presente. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva investigar as escalas Desejabilidade Social e Valorização negativa do instrumento, colaborando para a adaptação do MCMI-III para o Brasil. Os participantes (n = 2570) são originários de todo o país, com faixa etária e de escolaridade diversas. Após resposta ao instrumento, foram categorizados de acordo com sua pontuação nas escalas supracitadas nos grupos Baixo, Médio e Alto para comparação estatística através de Analise Univariada. Foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos, com maiores médias clínicas para os grupos de maior Valorização Negativa e menor Desejabilidade Social, indicando indícios de validade de constructo das escalas estudadas.

Self-report inventories have been widely used since last decades. Malingering by response bias are an important matter about such psychological tests. The MCMI-III is a personality assessment inventory that has been widely used in the world, including when malingering is highly suspected. So, this article aims to investigate Desirability and Debasement Scales of MCMI-III, thus contributing to the test adaptation for Brazil. Study sample (n = 2570) comes from the whole country, and has a large spectrum of age and education. After administration of the test, participants were categorized according to scores obtained in Low, Medium and High groups, to comparison by One-way ANOVA. Statistical differences has been found among groups, and highest clinical scores found was that from high Debasement and low Desirability groups, signing to construct validity of scales.

Los inventarios de autoinforme han sido ampliamente utilizados en las últimas décadas. Algunos de sus problemas se relacionan con patrones de respuestas sesgadas y con la posibilidad de simulación. El MCMI-III es un inventario de personalidad ampliamente utilizado, aun cuando existe un alto grado de sospecha de simulación. El objetivo fue investigar sus escalas de Deseabilidad Social y Valorización Negativa a fin de contribuir con la adaptación de dicha prueba para Brasil. La muestra (n = 2570) estuvo constituida por participantes de todo el país con diferentes edades y niveles de educación. De acuerdo con las respuestas brindadas en el instrumento, los participantes fueron clasificados en diferentes grupos denominados bajo, medio y alto para su comparación mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos, y también puntajes más altos en las escalas clínicas en los grupos que presentaron mayor grado de Valorización Negativa y menor grado de Deseabilidad Social, mostrando evidencias de la validez teórica de las escalas.

Comorbilidad de trastornos de personalidad: estudio en personas sin hogar / Comorbidity in personality disorders: study in homeless people

En este estudio se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre comorbilidad en los trastornos de personalidad en personas sin hogar. El objetivo del estudio era analizar si existe comorbilidad entre trastornos. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio ex post facto, de carácter transversal, con una muestra de 91 pacientes, que cumplimentaron una entrevista semiestructurada y el MCMI II, en el transcurso de su tratamiento. Los resultados muestran como en un 40,66% de la muestra, coexisten 2 o más trastornos de personalidad al mismo tiempo, con una media de 2,06 TP por persona. Además, los trastornos de personalidad del grupo B: antisocial, límite, histriónico y narcisista, son los que presentan un mayor índice de comorbilidad. Por el contrario, trastornos de personalidad del grupo C: obsesivo-compulsivo, por evitación o por dependencia, a pesar de tener mayor presencia, apenas presentan comorbilidad con otros. Por último, se comentan la implicación que tiene este estudio en la práctica clínica y líneas futuras de investigación.

An investigation on comorbilidad in the personality upsets in homeless people takes effect in this study. The objective of the study was to examine if the comorbilidad among upsets exists. For it, a study takes effect ex post facto, of transverse character, with 91 patients’s sign, that a semi-structured interview and the MCMI paid a courteous visit to II, in the course of his treatment. The results evidence like in a 40.66% of sign, coexist 2 or more personality upsets simultaneously, with 2.06 TP’s sock apiece. Besides, the personality upsets of the group B: Antisocial, limit, little histrion and narcissist, music they who that they show comorbidity’s bigger index. On the contrary, personality upsets of the group C: The obsessed person compelled by a compulsion, for avoidance or for dependence, in spite of having principal witnesses, almost they show comorbilidad with others. Finally,they comment the implication that has this study at the practical clinic and future fact-finding lines.

Theodore Millon, una teoría de la personalidad y su patología / Theodore Millon, a theory of the personality and its pathology

Desde su obra seminal de 1976, Psicopatología moderna: un enfoque biosocial de los aprendizajes erróneos y de los disfuncionalismos, y por más de 30 años Theodore Millon ha desarrollado una ciencia compleja de la personalidad y su patología. En su modelo, el autor postula la existencia de tres polaridades básicas, placer-dolor, activo-pasivo y yo-otros, para explicar las diferencias entre los diferentes tipos de personalidad. El modelo original de aprendizaje biosocial fue reformulado en 1990 a la luz de los conceptos evolutivos. A lo largo de todo este tiempo, Millon junto a sus seguidores han establecido un paradigma para comprender la personalidad. Al mismo tiempo, há argumentado reiteradamente que una ciencia clínica comprensiva de la personalidad necesita integrar cuatro componentes básicos: teoría o esquemas conceptuales explicativos, una nosología formal, herramientas de evaluación, e intervenciones terapéuticas adecuadas. En este trabajo, se resumen los aspectos primordiales del Modelo de Millon en lo que hace a esos diferentes componentes.

From its seminal work of 1976, Psicopatología moderna: un enfoque biosocial de los aprendizajes erróneos y de los disfuncionalismos, and by more than 30 years Theodore Millon has developed a complex science of the personality and its pathology. In his model, the author postulates the existence of three basic polarities, pleasure-pain, active-passive and I-other, to explain the differences between the different types from personality. The original model of biosocial learning was reformulated in 1990 to the light of the evolutionary concepts. Throughout all this time, Millon next to their followers has established a paradigm to understand the personality. At the same time, it has argued repeatedly that a comprehensive clinical science of the personality needs to integrate four basic components: explanatory theory or conceptual schemes, a formal nosology, suitable tools of evaluation, and therapeutic interventions. In this work, the fundamental aspects of the Model of Millon are transformed in which it does to those different components.

A Study of the Reliability and Validity of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Ⅲ (MCMI-Ⅲ) / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To translate Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Ⅲ (MCMI-Ⅲ) into Chinese, and then test its reliability and validity. Methods: MCMI-Ⅲ was administered to patients with mental disorders and normal people. Some subjects completed SAS, SDS, HAMA and HAMD simultaneously. 7-14 days later, some subjects completed the Chinese version of MCMI-Ⅲ again. Results: Cronbach’s alpha and the split-half reliability of MCMI-Ⅲ was 0.957 and 0.919, respectively. The mean Cronbach’s alpha, split -half and test -retest reliability of the subscales were 0.72, 0.70, 0.71 respectively. Most of the items correlated significantly (P