ABSTRACT
Aims: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a major health problem. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl) and the non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the marker of airflow obstruction (FEV1% predicted) in COPD patients. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, B.J. Govt. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune. [Maharashtra]. The study period was in between Feb 2012 to Aug 2013. Methodology: Study comprised of 120 stable COPD patients of different stages were selected as per (GOLD) guidelines, each group consisting 30 patients, of age 40-75 yrs and 30 healthy controls. Pulmonary function test was done by using spirometer. Serum levels of MDA, protein carbonyl, vitamin E, vitamin C and GSH were estimated by spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 17 software. Results: Lung function tests namely FEV1/FVC% ratio and FEV1 % predicted showed significant reduction in stage I: (65.28±2.78; 90.23±11.36), stage II: (59.76±6.56; 63.13±7.85), stage III: (49.16±6.17; 39.76±6.34) and stage IV: (37.44±4.78; 22.43±5.55) COPD patients as compared to healthy controls (100.33±7.471;105.03±13.08 P<0.001) respectively. The level of serum MDA and protein carbonyl was increased significantly in [stage I: (6.23±0.81nmol/ml, 5.64±2.94nmol/mg) stage II: (7.94±1.26nmol/ml, 8.1±2.33 nmol/mg), stage III: (9.42±1.51nmol/ml, 9.66±3.12nmol/mgs) and stage IV: (11.53±1.23nmol/ml, 11.13±2.17nmol/mg] COPD patients as compared to controls (4.19±1.79nmol/ml, 3.50±1.87nmol /mg) respectively. Where as a significant concomitant decreased was observed in vitamin E, vitamin C and reduced glutathione in [stage I: (1.09±0.37mg/dl; 0.98±0.34mg/dl; 28.24±6.12mg/dl), stage II: (0.806±0.27mg/dl, 0.69±0.28mg/dl, 22.42±4.50mg/dl), stage III: (0.608±0.15mg/dl, 0.53±0.09mg/dl, 17.67±4.45mg/dl) and stage IV: (0.48±0.11mg/dl, 0.43± 0.10mg/dl, 13.73±2.76mg/dl) COPD patients as compared to controls (1.51±0.40mg/dl, 1.41±0.59 mg/dl, 34.26±4.96mg/dl) respectively. We found a significant negative correlation between the MDA and protein carbonyl with the FEV1% predicted and positive correlation between the vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH with the marker of airflow obstruction (FEV1% predicted) in COPD patients. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that as the severity of disease increases FEV1% predicted decreases. These changes are associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants studied.
ABSTRACT
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is projected to rank third leading cause of deaths by 2030 as per WHO. COPD is a multietiological disease. The airflow dysfunction is usually progressive, associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gasses. As the lung is exposed to high levels of oxygen, it is more susceptible to oxidants mediated injury. Gender based differences are identifiable risk factors. Smoking is found to be a major risk factor in the causation of COPD resulting in oxidative stress . The aim of the present study is to evaluate the oxidant antioxidant imbalance in healthy non smoker controls and smokers with COPD. A total of 60 control (healthy non smokers) and 121 smokers having COPD were studied. The mean age is more in smoker group as compared to healthy controls, which identifies advancing age as a risk factor for COPD. The mean BMI and weight of smoker group is reduced as compared to control group. GOLD 2008 criteria was used to assess lung functions. Lung functions namely FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and FEV1% Predicted showed significant reduction in smoker group as compared to healthy non smoker controls. MDA in control and smoker group (1.09±0.09 and 1.41±0.23 nmol/ml respectively) showed significant changes (P<0.001). Our results also demonstrate significant reduction in anti oxidant enzymes namely SOD (units/mg of serum protein), Catalase (units/mg of serum protein) and GPX (nmol of NADPH oxidized/ min/mg of serum protein) in smoker group as compared to healthy controls. On the basis of study it is concluded that smoking, gender and oxidant antioxidant imbalance are identifiable risk factors in COPD.
ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Ethanol and various viral infections will increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, resulting in an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Thus determination of oxidants along with antioxidants,stated the role of oxidative stress more accurately in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. In the present study we measured the markers of prooxidants, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MAD), antioxidants that included erythrocyte catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). 30 subjects with age 25-60 years, who were diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis by the department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Medical Hospital were included, 30 normal healthy individuals of the same age were selected as control . The results clearly indicated that the levels of pro oxidants, MDA were high in cirrhotic subjects than in the controls with p value of 0.0001. The levels of antioxidant enzymes GSH, Catalase were low in cirrhosis with p value of 0.0001 (GSH) and 0.067(Catalase). But the mean value of glutathione peroxidase was high in cirrhosis than in controls. This may be due to conterregulation with oxidative stress. Hence this study indicates the role of oxidative stress in liver cirrhosis and it clearly defines the imbalance between oxidants & antioxidants.