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1.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 32: e77903, jan. -dez. 2024.
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554456

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: compreender as percepções e as ações de uma equipe multiprofissional em saúde quanto à prática da medicina tradicional indígena em uma Casa de Atenção à Saúde Indígena. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo, realizado em uma de Casa de Apoio à Saúde Indígena em um município do Pará, que incluiu oito profissionais de uma equipe multiprofissional. A coleta de dados foi realizada no ano de 2018 e estes foram examinados pelo método da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: inserção e prática do cristianismo; ritos e lideranças xamânicas; e postura da equipe de multidisciplinar foram as categorias elencadas, que apontam os entendimentos e atuações da equipe multiprofissional e da organização espacial da Casa de Saúde do município. Considerações finais: há novos costumes e valores entre as etnias, em virtude da aproximação de grupos religiosos, cujas ações foram registradas e apreendidas pela equipe de trabalhadores em saúde.


Objective: understanding the perceptions and actions of a multi-professional health team regarding the practice of traditional indigenous medicine in an Indigenous Health Care Center. Method: this is a descriptive qualitative study carried out in an Indigenous Health Support Center in a municipality in the state of Pará, which included eight professionals from a multi-professional team. Data was collected in 2018 and examined using the content analysis method. Results: insertion and practice of Christianity; shamanic rites and leadership; and the attitude of the multidisciplinary team were the categories listed, which point to the understandings and actions of the multi-professional team and the spatial organization of the Health Center in the municipality. Final considerations: there are new customs and values among ethnic groups, due to the approach of religious groups, whose actions were recorded and apprehended by the team of health workers.


Objetivo: comprender las percepciones y acciones de un equipo multidisciplinario de salud sobre la práctica de la medicina tradicional indígena en una Casa de Atención para la Salud Indígena. Método: estudio descriptivo cualitativo, realizado en una Casa de Apoyo a la Salud Indígena de un municipio de Pará, que incluyó ocho profesionales de un equipo multidisciplinario. La recolección de datos se realizó en 2018 y los datos fueron sometidos al método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: inserción y práctica del cristianismo; ritos y líderes chamánicos; y actitud del equipo multidisciplinario fueron las categorías enumeradas, que indican la percepción y las acciones del equipo multidisciplinario y la organización espacial de la Casa de Salud del municipio. Consideraciones finales: existen nuevas costumbres y valores entre las etnias, debido a la presencia de grupos religiosos, el equipo de los trabajadores de la salud registró y aprendió las acciones de los indígenas.

2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 23(4): 460-486, jul. 2024. graf, ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538009

ABSTRACT

This review presents advances in the implementation of high - throughput se quencing and its application to the knowledge of medicinal plants. We conducted a bibliographic search of papers published in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and analyzed the obtained data using VOSviewer (versi on 1.6.19). Given that medicinal plants are a source of specialized metabolites with immense therapeutic values and important pharmacological properties, plant researchers around the world have turned their attention toward them and have begun to examine t hem widely. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have reduced cost and time demands and accelerated medicinal plant research. Such research leverages full genome sequencing, as well as RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing and the analysis of the transcr iptome, to identify molecular markers of species and functional genes that control key biological traits, as well as to understand the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive metabolites and regulatory mechanisms of environmental responses. As such, the omics ( e.g., transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics, among others) have been widely applied within the study of medicinal plants, although their usage in Colombia is still few and, in some areas, scarce. (185)


El extracto de cloroformo (CE) y las fracciones obtenidas de las raíces de Aldama arenaria se evaluaron para determinar su actividad antiproliferativa in vitro contra 10 líneas ce lulares tumorales humanas [leucemia (K - 562), mama (MCF - 7), ovario que expresa un fenotipo resistente a múltiples fármacos (NCI/ADR - RES), melanoma (UACC - 62), pulmón (NCI - H460), próstata (PC - 3), colon (HT29), ovario (OVCAR - 3), glioma (U251) y riñón (786 - 0)]. CE presentó actividad antiproliferativa débil a moderada (log GI 50 medio 1.07), mientras que las fracciones 3 y 4, enriquecidas con diterpenos de tipo pimarane [ent - pimara - 8 (14), ácido 15 - dien - 19 - oico y ent - 8(14),15 - pimaradien - 3 ß - ol], presentaron activid ad moderada a potente para la mayoría de las líneas celulares, con un log GI 50 medio de 0.62 y 0.59, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una acción antiproliferativa in vitro prometedora de las muestras obtenidas de A. arenaria , con los mejores resul tados para NCI/ADR - RES, HT29 y OVCAR - 3, y valores de TGI que van desde 5.95 a 28.71 µg.mL - 1, demostrando que los compuestos de esta clase pueden ser prototipos potenciales para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes terapéuticos


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Colombia , Multiomics
3.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 23(4): 645-683, jul. 2024. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538073

ABSTRACT

Information on the knowledge and ways of using food and medicinal plants by traditional populations, family farmers and Brazilian native population in the Amazon is essential to guarantee the food sovereignty of these groups. This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews applied to local respondents. A total of 269 species of both non-conventional food plants and medicinal plants were identified, distributed in 83 botanical families and 198 genera. The Arecaceae and Lamiaceae families had the highest species richness (11 and 7, respectively). The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Pielou (J') diversity indices were considered high (5.02 and 0.9, respectively) when compared to other ethnobotanical works. In the environment in which these families are found, these species become the only food and medicinal resources available.


La información sobre los saberes y formas de uso de las plantas alimenticias y medicinales por parte de las poblaciones tradicionales, agricultores familiares e indígenas brasileños en la Amazonía es fundamental para garantizar la soberanía alimentaria de estos grupos. Este estudio se realizó utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a encuestados locales. Se identificaron un total de 269 especies tanto de plantas alimenticiasno convencionales como de plantas medicinales, distribuidas en 83 familias botánicas y 198 géneros. Las familias Arecaceae y Lamiaceae tuvieron la mayor riqueza de especies (11 y 7, respectivamente). Los índices de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H') y Pielou (J') fueron considerados altos (5,02 y 0,9, respectivamente) en comparación con otros trabajos etnobotánicos. En el ambiente en que se encuentran estas familias, estas especies se convierten en los únicos recursos alimenticios y medicinales disponibles.


Subject(s)
Plants, Edible , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnobotany , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. Bras. Odontol. Leg. RBOL ; 11(1): 72-82, 20240601.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556126

ABSTRACT

Disaster victim identification is structured according to international recommendations on the attempt to optimize forensic logistics. The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) establishes primary and secondary methods for human identification. This study aimed to revisit the existing literature to address the forensic importance of tattoos. The scientific literature has shown advances in the forensic analyses of tattoos specially when it comes to the application of especial imaging techniques, namely photography with infrared light to visualize latent tattoo inks and cover-up tattoos, as well as the use of biochemical processing to distinguish components of the tattoo inks. Other relevant aspect is the fields dedicated to tattoo descriptions in software used worldwide for disaster victim identification, namely PlassData. Coding systems have been proposed as well to facilitate communication in the human identification process. The future of forensic analyses of tattoos is promising considering the increase of research in recent years. Forensic practice might benefit from it with more scientific evidence to support the utilization of tattoo analyses in casework


A identificação de vítimas de desastres em massa é estruturada de acordo com recomendações internacionais na tentativa de otimizar a logística forense. A INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization) estabelece métodos primários e secundários para identificação humana. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisitar a literatura existente para abordar a importância forense das tatuagens. A literatura científica tem mostrado avanços nas análises forenses de tatuagens, especialmente no que diz respeito à aplicação de técnicas especiais de imaginologia, como a fotografia com luz infravermelha para visualizar tintas latentes de tatuagens e tatuagens de cobertura, bem como a utilização de processamento bioquímico para distinguir componentes das tintas de tatuagem. Outro aspecto relevante são os campos dedicados à descrição de tatuagens em softwares utilizados mundialmente para identificação de vítimas de desastres em massa, como o PlassData. Sistemas de codificação também foram propostos para facilitar a comunicação no processo de identificação humana. O futuro das análises forenses de tatuagens é promissor considerando o aumento das pesquisas nos últimos anos. A prática forense pode beneficiar-se com mais evidências científicas para apoiar a utilização de análises de tatuagens na condução de casos periciais

5.
Hepatología ; 5(2): 156-164, mayo-ago. 2024. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1556415

ABSTRACT

Tanto la lesión hepática inducida por drogas (DILI), así como la lesión hepática inducida por hierbas (HILI), son una preocupación creciente en la atención sanitaria contemporánea que plantea importantes desafíos clínicos debido a sus variadas etiologías, presentaciones clínicas y posibles resultados potencialmente mortales. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 38 años con antecedentes de cálculos renales que consultó por dolor lumbar y hematuria. Al ingreso presentó ictericia, hepatomegalia, dolor a la palpación en fosa ilíaca derecha y no tenía signos de hepatopatía crónica, con pruebas de función hepática anormales, que mostraron un patrón hepatocelular asociado con hiperbilirrubinemia. Se descartó obstrucción biliar, trombosis portal, hepatitis autoinmune y viral, con panel autoinmune negativo. El paciente refirió haber consumido un remedio herbario para los cálculos renales llamado "vino rompe cálculos (chancapiedra)", que se supone contiene Phyllanthus niruri, cinco días antes del inicio de los síntomas. Una biopsia hepática reveló hepatitis aguda con infiltrado inflamatorio mixto. Debido al empeoramiento de las pruebas de función hepática y la sospecha de DILI idiosincrásico, se inició un ensayo terapéutico con corticosteroides, que resultó en una mejoría clínica y del perfil hepático. La gravedad de este caso nos recuerda la necesidad de incrementar el seguimiento por parte de las autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos, implementar campañas educativas para los pacientes e informar a la comunidad sobre productos con alertas activas.


Both drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI) are a growing concern in contemporary healthcare that poses significant clinical challenges due to their varied etiology, clinical presentations, and potential life-threatening outcomes. We present the case of a 38-year-old male patient with a history of kidney stones who consulted for low back pain and hematuria. On admission he presented with jaundice, hepatomegaly, pain on palpation in the right iliac fossa and no signs of chronic liver disease, with abnormal liver function tests, which showed a hepatocellular pattern associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Biliary obstruction, portal thrombosis, autoimmune and viral hepatitis were ruled out, with negative autoimmune panel. The patient reported consuming an herbal remedy for kidney stones called "stone-breaking wine (chancapiedra)", presumed to contain Phyllanthus niruri, five days before the onset of symptoms. A liver biopsy revealedacute hepatitis with mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Due to worsening liver function tests and suspicion of idiosyncratic DILI, a therapeutic trial with corticosteroids was initiated, which resulted in clinical and liver profile improvement. The severity of this case reminds us of the need to increase follow-up by drug regulatory authorities, implement educational campaigns for patients, and inform the community about products with active alerts.

6.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 23(3): 410-436, mayo 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538165

ABSTRACT

In the indigenous peoples Tu'un savi and Mé'pháá of the mountain region of guerrero, allopathic medicine and traditional herbal medicine are used, due to this, we consider that dialogues of knowledge should be established between the practitioners of both medicines. We collaborated with 46 individuals to discuss the forms of using medicinal species, preparing treatments, and using allopathic medicine. Through semi-structured and in-depthinterviews, 121 plant species were recorded, with which more than 40 diseases are treated, which are distributed in the digestive, muscular, respiratory, and urinary systems:chronic-degenerative and cultural diseases. The dialogue of knowledge between specialists in traditional medicine and allopathic doctors could contribute to the development of their own health project, with which a regional ethnodevelopment plan could be created.


En los pueblos indígenas Tu'un savi y Mé'pháá de la montaña de Guerrero se utiliza la medicina alopática y la medicina tradicional herbolaria, debido a ello, consideramos que deberían establecerse diálogos de saberes entre los practicantes de ambas medicinas. Se trabajó con 46 colaboradores, con los cuales se dialogó acerca de las formas de uso de las especies medicinales, preparación de los tratamientos y utilización de l a medicina alopática. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad se registraron 121 especies de plantas, con las que se tratan más de 40 enfermedades, las cuales están distribuidas en los sistemas digestivo, respiratorio y urinario; también se atienden enfermedades crónico - degenerativas y culturales. El diálogo de saberes entre especialistas de la medicina tradicional y médicos alópatas podría contribuir a la elaboración de un proyecto de salud propio, con el cual se podría crear un plan de e tnodesarrollo regional


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Indigenous Peoples , Mexico
7.
Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) ; 60(1): 23-28, jan.-mar. 2024. fig
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1555101

ABSTRACT

The trajectory of healthcare has evolved from ancient holistic practices to the present biomedical model, reflecting the dynamic interplay between scientific progress, technological advancements, and the integration of humanistic values. While biomedical advancements have revolutionized medical treatments, there is an emerging recognition of the importance of integrating neuroscience and humanities to foster holistic patient care and understanding. This paper aims to explore the historical development of medicine, emphasizing the convergence of neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology within the biomedical framework. Additionally, it investigates the resurgence of humanities in healthcare and its role in promoting patientcentered care. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this study traces the historical roots of medicine and examines the interdisciplinary intersections of neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and medical humanities. The exploration reveals the significant contributions of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing patient-centered care, fostering a comprehensive understanding of health and well-being, and shaping modern healthcare practices. The integration of neuroscience and humanities offers valuable insights into the complexities of human health, bridging legacy practices with innovative approaches. Embracing this interdisciplinary perspective is crucial for promoting holistic healthcare, emphasizing patient-centered care, and enriching the understanding of health and well-being in contemporary healthcare settings.


A trajetória dos cuidados de saúde evoluiu das antigas práticas holísticas para o atual modelo biomédico, reflectindo a interação dinâmica entre o progresso científico, os avanços tecnológicos e a integração de valores humanísticos. Embora os avanços biomédicos tenham revolucionado os tratamentos médicos, há um reconhecimento emergente da importância de integrar as neurociências e as humanidades para promover a compreensão e os cuidados holísticos dos doentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar o desenvolvimento histórico da medicina, salientando a convergência da neurociência, da psiquiatria e da neurologia no quadro biomédico. Além disso, investiga o ressurgimento das humanidades nos cuidados de saúde e o seu papel na promoção de cuidados centrados no doente. Através de uma revisão exaustiva da literatura, este estudo traça as raízes históricas da medicina e examina as intersecções interdisciplinares da neurociência, psiquiatria, neurologia e humanidades médicas. A exploração revela os contributos significativos das abordagens interdisciplinares para melhorar os cuidados centrados no doente, promover uma compreensão abrangente da saúde e do bem-estar e moldar as práticas modernas de cuidados de saúde. A integração das neurociências e das humanidades oferece conhecimentos valiosos sobre as complexidades da saúde humana, fazendo a ponte entre práticas antigas e abordagens inovadoras. A adoção desta perspetiva interdisciplinar é crucial para promover cuidados de saúde holísticos, enfatizando os cuidados centrados no doente e enriquecendo a compreensão da saúde e do bem-estar nos contextos de cuidados de saúde contemporâneos.

9.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 10 (1) 2024;10(1): 35109, 2024 abr. 30. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1553447

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos são tradicionalmente utilizados na cicatrização de diversos tipos de feridas. Muitas plantas contêm compostos bioativos com propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antimicrobianas e cicatrizantes. Objetivo: Reunir evidências clínicas do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os estudos foram coletados das bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS, utilizando como estratégia de busca os termos ((WoundHealing) ou (Inflammation)) e ((MedicinalPlants) ou (Phytotherapy)) com recorte temporal de 2011 a 2021. Resultados: 15 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. A maioria dos estudos foram do tipo ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Foi investigada a eficácia de 15 espécies medicinais para o tratamento de feridas agudas e crônicas, sendo as mais recorrentes queimaduras de segundo grau, úlceras crônicas e feridas cirúrgicas. As espécies medicinais que apresentaram melhores resultados foram babosa (Aloevera), centela (Centellaasiatica),beldroega (Portulacaoleraceae), Arnebia euchroma, hipérico (Hypericum perforatum) emil-folhas (Achilleamillefolium), melhorando critérios como eritema, edema, tempodere-epitelização, tempo de cicatrização e a aparência geral da ferida. Conclusões: Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos apresentam eficácia no processo de cicatrização, sendo, portanto, alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas (AU).


Introduction: Medicinal plants and herbal medicines are traditionally used to heal various types of wounds. Many plants contain bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Objective: Gathering clinical evidence on the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine in the healing of skin wounds. Methodology:Thisisan integrative review of the literature. The studies were collected from the MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS data bases, using the terms ((WoundHealing) or (Inflammation)) and ((MedicinalPlants) or (Phytotherapy)) as a search strategy, from 2011 to 2021. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the review. Most of them were of the randomized controlled clinical trial type. The effectiveness of 15 medicinal species was investigated for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, the most common of which were second-degree burns, chronic ulcers,and surgical wounds. The species with the best results were Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Portulaca oleraceae, Arnebia euchroma, Hypericum perforatum, and Achillea millefolium, improving criteria such as erythema, edema, re-epithelialization time, healing time, and the general appearance of the wound. Conclusions: Medicinalplants and herbal medicine are effective in the healing process, therefore being a therapeutic alternative for treating skin wounds (AU).


Introducción: Las plantas medicinales y las medicinas a base de hierbas se utilizan tradicionalmente para curar diversos tipos de heridas. Muchas plantas contienen compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antiinflamatorias, antimicrobianas y cicatrizantes. Objetivo: Recopilar evidencia clínica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales y medicinas a base de hierbas en la curación de heridas cutáneas. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Los estudios fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed y LILACS, utilizando como estrategia de búsqueda los términos ((WoundHealing) o (Inflammation)) y ((MedicinalPlants) o (Phytotherapy)) con un marco temporal de 2011 a 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 15 estudios en la revisión. La mayoría de los estudios fueron del tipo ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio. Se investigó la eficacia de 15 especies medicinales para el tratamiento de heridas agudas y crónicas, las más comunes fueron quemaduras de segundo grado, úlceras crónicas y heridas quirúrgicas. Las especies medicinales con mejoresr esultados fueron Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Portulaca oleraceae, Arnebia euchroma, Hypericum perforatum y Achillea millefolium, mejorando criterios como eritema, edema, tiempo de reepitelización, tiempo de cicatrización y aspecto general de la herida. Conclusiones: Plantas medicinales y medicinas a base de hierbas son efectivas en el proceso de cicatrización, siendo portanto un aalternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de heridas en la piel (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Wound Healing , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Wounds and Injuries , Evidence-Based Practice , Phytotherapy
10.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 41(1): 3-12, ene.-mar. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558406

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La anemia de células falciformes se define como la hemoglobinopatía estructural autosómica recesiva más prevalente en todo el mundo, puede presentar fenómenos vasooclusivos y la anemia hemolítica que son los responsables de las principales complicaciones de esta enfermedad, una de estas es el síndrome torácico agudo, siendo una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en estos pacientes. Objetivo: correlacionar los hallazgos de la autopsia médico legal, con las generalidades de la fisiopatología de la anemia de células falciformes actualizadas y disponibles. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó el análisis del protocolo de la autopsia médico legal efectuada, y revisión bibliográfica en un caso de una femenina de 37 años que en apariencia padecía de "dolor por nervio ciático", quien falleció en su casa de habitación, tras presentar un dolor intenso localizado en la espalda y disnea. Tras la autopsia médico legal se estableció como causa de muerte el síndrome torácico agudo por drepanocitosis. Conclusiones: La anemia de células falciformes se debe tener presente al momento de la valoración médico legal como una posible causa de muerte, para ello es necesario conocer la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad, y poder identificar dichas afectaciones al momento de realizar la autopsia médico legal, para esto es necesario contar con todas las herramientas posibles para poder realizar un diagnóstico certero.


Abstract Objective: To correlate the findings of the medical legal autopsy carried out with the updated and available generalities of the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. Materials and methods: The analysis of the protocol of the medical-legal autopsy carried out, and a bibliographic review, were carried out. A 37-year-old female who apparently suffered from "sciatic nerve pain," who died in her home after experiencing intense pain located in her back and dyspnea. After the medical-legal autopsy, acute chest syndrome due to sickle cell disease was established as the cause of death. Conclusions: Sickle cell anemia must be kept in mind at the time of the medical-legal evaluation as a possible cause of death, for this it is necessary to know the pathophysiology of this disease, and to be able to identify these effects when performing the Medical- Legal Autopsy, for this It is necessary to have all the possible tools to be able to make an accurate diagnosis.

11.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 137(1): 19-34, mar. 2024. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552860

ABSTRACT

Con motivo del Día Mundial de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, se realizó en la Casa Museo Bernardo Houssay un conversatorio en el que expertos biógrafos resaltaron algunos aspectos de la trayectoria profesional del Premio Nobel de Medicina de 1947, destacando su actividad como investigador en fisiología y sus cualidades humanas. Estos importantes estudiosos del tema compartieron sus conocimientos en un selecto auditorio. (AU)


On the occasion of World Science and Technology Day, a discussion was held at the Bernardo Houssay House Museum in which expert biographers highlighted some aspects of the professional career of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine, highlighting his activity as a researcher in physiology and his human qualities. These important scholars of the subject shared their knowledge in a select audience. (AU)


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Physiology/history , Biomedical Research , Academies and Institutes/history , Argentina , History of Medicine , Nobel Prize
12.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 52(1)mar. 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535714

ABSTRACT

After 70 years of the formalization of medical specialties in Colombia, very little progress has been made in the educational models for the acquisition of clinical competencies in these postgraduate programs. Furthermore, although there is already a law on human resources in health, the Colombian medical education system lacks specific regulations on the training of health professionals (physicians) in the different medical specialty programs offered in the country. Likewise, at present, factors such as the financial crisis of public hospitals, the limited number of accredited hospitals and the growing number of medical schools and specialization programs, affect the comprehensive and equal development of medical competencies of professionals who are trained as specialists in the different postgraduate medical programs offered in Colombia. In view of the above, the purpose of this article is to present a proposal for postgraduate medical education that prioritizes the adequate acquisition of competencies over compliance with the time required to complete the curricula of the different medical specialties. However, this involves several prerequisites: a regulatory body in charge of overseeing and monitoring the training of medical residents or specialists in the country; strong training in university teaching for professors practicing in medical schools and university hospitals; the standardization of the graduates profile; adequate financing of university hospitals, as well as appropriate support in the process of accreditation as such, and the self-evaluation and continuous improvement of postgraduate medical programs.


Después de 70 años de la formalización de las especialidades médicas en Colombia, ha habido muy pocos avances en los modelos educativos para la adquisición de competencias clínicas en estos programas de posgrado. Además, a pesar de que ya hay una ley sobre el talento humano en salud, en el sistema educativo médico colombiano no hay regulaciones específicas sobre la formación de profesionales de la salud (médicos) en los diferentes programas de especialidades médicas ofrecidos en el país. Igualmente, en la actualidad factores como la crisis financiera de los hospitales públicos, el escaso número de hospitales acreditados y el creciente número de facultades de medicina y de programas de especialización afectan la adquisición integral e igualitaria de competencias médicas de los profesionales que se forman como especialistas en los diferentes programas de posgrado médico ofrecidos en Colombia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el propósito de este artículo es presentar una propuesta de educación médica de posgrado que priorice la adecuada adquisición de competencias por encima del cumplimiento del tiempo fijado para completar los planes de estudios de las diferentes especialidades médicas. Sin embargo, para esto se requieren varios aspectos: un ente regulatorio encargado de vigilar y monitorear la formación de los residentes o especialistas médicos en el país; una fuerte capacitación en docencia universitaria a los profesores que ejercen en las facultades de medicina y hospitales universitarios; la homogenización del perfil de los egresados; una adecuada financiación de los hospitales universitarios, así como un apropiado acompañamiento en su proceso de acreditación como tal, y la autoevaluación y mejoramiento continuo de los posgrados médicos.

13.
Medisan ; 28(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558502

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.


Introduction: Improving communication and understanding skills in English at present is an indispensable necessity for those who conduct masters and doctorate studies, since they allow them to disclose the results of research with more precision, as well as to clearly assimilate the specialized literature. Objective: To analyze some of the main translation strategies used by the participants in the course about understanding and communication research results. Methods: An educational study was carried out in the period 2021-2022 at the University of Medical Sciences in Cienfuegos, with a sample of 42 professionals enrolled in doctoral training programs of biomedical, stomatological and psychological sciences. For this purpose, observation was used as a method to describe the training process in translation of medical texts from English to Spanish. Results: The most used strategy by doctorate students was literal translation, which was found in the 107 fragments analyzed, and it was the only one applied in 86.9% of the cases; followed by transposition (70.0%). Lexical calque was the least used strategy, as it only appeared in 11.2% of the medical texts translated from English to Spanish. Conclusions: The most used strategies were literal translation and transposition, which is due to the fact that lexical and syntactic structures serve as a basis for establishing analogies between Spanish and English languages and, therefore, facilitate the re-expression involved in translation process.

14.
Medisan ; 28(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558503

ABSTRACT

La utilización de herramientas tecnológicas en la docencia condiciona el desarrollo de nuevas destrezas intelectuales en los estudiantes, lo que les facilita la aplicación de estrategias de investigación, mejora sus capacidades de una forma integral, les ayuda a enfrentar las dificultades y exigencias del mundo y les permite adquirir un aprendizaje más significativo para poder desenvolverse en el ámbito socioeducativo. Con vistas a cumplir lo anterior, se desarrolló un repositorio institucional de recursos educativos abiertos para la Universidad Virtual de Salud, a partir del empleo de herramientas tecnológicas libres y de código abierto que permiten la estandarización e interoperabilidad entre cada uno de los repositorios establecidos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, con lo cual se garantizará una lógica de organización académica.


The use of digital technologies in teaching determines the development of new intellectual skills in students, which facilitates the application of investigation strategies, improves their capabilities in an integral way, helps them face the difficulties and demands of the current world and allows them to acquire more significant learning to have a good performance in the socio-educational environment. With a view to fulfilling the above, an institutional repository of open educational resources was developed for the Virtual Health University, based on the use of free and open-source technology tools that allow the standardization and interoperability among each of the repositories established in the National Health System, which will guarantee logic of academic organization.

15.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e12953, fev.2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550149

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bone regeneration is crucial for repairing bone tissue following various injuries. Research techniques that enable the study of metabolic changes in bone tissue under different conditions are important for understanding bone repair and remodeling. This study used bone scintigraphy to evaluate osteogenesis secondary to osteotomy in a preclinical model of New Zealand rabbits. For this purpose, we conducted a longitudinal, prospective, case-control study in which scintigraphic variables were measured in both the right forearm (case-operated) and the left forearm (control - non-operated). The study sample consisted of 10 rabbits subjected to osteotomy, followed by a 12-week postoperative evaluation period, divided into six imaging stages at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. We observed that the operated forearm showed significantly higher external radiation than the control side, using the pinhole collimator, denoting an increase in the biodistribution and tropism of the radiopharmaceutical to the operated forearm. Among the three evaluated time points, osteoblastic activity was highest in the second week and presented a significant decline in the 8th and 12th weeks, denoting regeneration and resolution of the surgical injury; the control forearm was also influenced by the inactivity imposed by the operated forearm. This fact was notably evidenced by the reduction in the metabolic activity of osteoblasts in the left forearm. Our study suggested that bone scintigraphy was sensitive enough to semi-quantitatively differentiate the metabolic activity of osteoblasts in the operated forearm in the three temporal landmarks evaluated in the study.

16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 41(1): 168-173, feb. 2024. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559667

ABSTRACT

Revisando el segundo volumen de actas del Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Medicina, reunido en Santiago los nueve primeros días del siglo XX, encontramos una conferencia de Eloísa Díaz, primera mujer chilena y latinoamericana en graduarse de médico, pese a la discriminación sufrida, que la obligó incluso a asistir a clases acompañada por su madre. Se analiza tanto esta conferencia sobre la organización del servicio médico escolar, como la introducción a su tesis de grado, y de paso las presentaciones de otros médicos participantes, haciendo hincapié en la patología infecciosa discutida y en su lenguaje verboso y florido.


Analyzing the second volume of proceedings of the First Latin American Congress of Medicine held in Santiago on the first nine days of the twentieth century, we found a lecture by Eloísa Díaz, the first Chilean and Latin American woman to graduate as a doctor, despite the discrimination she suffered, which even forced her to attend classes accompanied by her mother. This conference on the school medical service is analyzed, as well as the introduction to her degree thesis, and incidentally the presentations of other participating doctors, emphasizing the infectious pathology discussed and its verbose and flowery language.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Physicians, Women/history , History of Medicine , Chile
17.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(2): 209-217, 20240220. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532576

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los cuidados paliativos responden al sufrimiento de pacientes terminales y requieren personal entrenado para la intervención. Forman parte de la actividad en cirugía, sin embargo, no encontramos información sobre la educación de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos, la calidad de la formación y las estrategias pedagógicas en los residentes. Métodos. Estudio observacional con recolección de la información autodiligenciada por medio electrónico. Resultados. Participaron 228 residentes, 7,8 % mencionaron asistir a rotación en cuidado paliativo y 66,6 % tener contacto con especialistas en cuidados paliativos. El 30,7 % no identificó una estrategia pedagógica clara. El 29,3 % tuvo alto nivel de conocimiento y 21,1 % adecuada calidad de formación. El 83,8 % tuvo un alto nivel en el manejo de obstrucción intestinal. No hubo asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las variables evaluadas (p>0,05). Conclusiones. Ni el aprendizaje recibido, ni el año de entrenamiento tuvieron efecto en el nivel percibido de conocimiento. Las competencias en cuidados paliativos, sus métodos y la calidad del aprendizaje son deficientes a nivel de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. Probablemente está en un currículo oculto. Es necesario implementar estrategias pedagógicas en los currículos de estudios de los programas de formación de cirujanos.


Introduction. Palliative care responds to the suffering of terminal patients and requires trained personnel for intervention. They are part of the activity in surgery; however, we did not find information about postgraduate education in surgery in Colombia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge in palliative care, the quality of training and pedagogical strategies in residents. Methods. Observational study with self-completed information collection by electronic means. Results. A total of 228 residents participated, 7.8% mentioned a palliative care rotation and 66.6% mentioned having contact with palliative care specialists; 30.7% did not identify a clear pedagogical strategy; 29.3% had a high level of knowledge and 21.1% had adequate quality of training; 83.8% had a high level in the management of intestinal obstruction. There was no association between the level of knowledge and the variables evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusions. Neither the learning received nor the year of training had an effect on the perceived level of knowledge. Competencies in palliative care, its methods and the quality of learning are deficient at the postgraduate level in surgery in Colombia. It is probably on a hidden resume. It is necessary to implement pedagogical strategies in the study curricula of surgeon training programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , General Surgery , Education, Medical, Graduate , Competency-Based Education , Palliative Medicine , Surgical Oncology
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e12976, fev.2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534069

ABSTRACT

"Penumbra sign" is a characteristic finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Brodie's abscess, a rare variant of subacute osteomyelitis. We aimed to discuss the imaging finding penumbra sign that will help in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and may be useful to clinicians in differential diagnosis. A 26-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain and limping in the right knee that did not go away. He had a history of arthroscopic debridement and percutaneous fixation surgery due to osteochondral fragment 3 years ago. There were no additional findings in the patient's vital parameters, physical examination, and medical history. X-ray imaging revealed two screws in the distal femur and a well-defined sclerotic rim surrounding a radiolucent lesion anterior to the screws. MRI revealed a lesion in the distal femoral metaphysis with low-density fluid and hyperintense granulation tissue surrounding it. After surgical abscess drainage and local debridement, bone cement was placed in the resulting cavity. Teicoplanin treatment was started. The patient was discharged and complete recovery was achieved in the second month. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is often missed or confused with bone tumors in non-traumatic cases presenting with persistent bone pain. MRI imaging is frequently used in differential diagnosis, and detection of characteristic imaging signs such as the penumbra sign accelerates the diagnosis. In this context, emergency department clinicians, in particular, should be cautious and not forget that early treatment can be started by recognizing these signs.

19.
Rev. méd. hered ; 35(1): 38-43, Jan.-Mar. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560278

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Recientes investigaciones destacan la importancia de la ciberseguridad en la creciente era digital. El 83% de las organizaciones han experimentado brechas de seguridad en el 2022, costándoles en promedio 4,35 millones de dólares americanos por incidente. En Perú, la ciberseguridad está regulada por diversas normas, estableciendo medidas de protección de datos y la seguridad informática. Objetivo Describir la situación de la ciberseguridad en los servicios de apoyo al médico ocupacional (SAMO). Material y métodos Se incluyeron 11 SAMO. Se elaboró un cuestionario no validado para recolectar la información consentida sobre la gestión de la ciberseguridad de los SAMO que brindaban servicio a un importante proyecto de construcción en Lima Metropolitana. Resultados La mayoría de los establecimientos de salud (más del 80%) tuvo planes de respuesta a incidentes de seguridad cibernética para garantizar una respuesta rápida ante un ataque cibernético; realizaban copias de seguridad de los datos críticos con regularidad y los almacenaban en un lugar diferente a establecimiento; y actualizaban regularmente los sistemas operativos y programas de softwares buscando asegurar que se utilizan versiones seguras. Conclusión Existe una gestión de la seguridad informática predominantemente reactiva. El reporte discute la importancia de la ciberseguridad, resaltando la exposición de la información médica y los servicios a riesgos cibernéticos y planteamos retos futuros para la ciberseguridad, subrayando la importancia de la preparación ante amenazas futuras en un entorno en constante transformación digital.


SUMMARY Recent investigations emphasize the importance of cybersecurity in the growing digital era; 83% of organizations experienced breaks in cyber security in 2022, spending a mean of 4,35 million dollars per incident. Cybersecurity in Peru is regulated by legal norms aimed at protecting data and providing informatic security. Objective To describe cybersecurity in the support services to occupational physicians (SSOP) in the city of Lima. Methods A non-validated survey was created and distributed to 11 SSOPs in Lima that provide a service to an important building project in Lima. Results More than 80% of health care establishments had a response plan against cybernetic attacks; security copies of the data were done regularly storing them in a different place than the establishment and regularly updated security software's. Conclusion The cybersecurity program is reactive. We discuss the importance of cybersecurity and analyze future challenges as well as emphasize the importance of preemptive preparedness in an environment of constant digital transformation.

20.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(1): 38-50, 20240102. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526800

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El currículo para la formación del cirujano general exige precisión, ajuste al contexto y factibilidad. En 2022, la World Society of Emergency Surgery formuló cinco declaraciones sobre el entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia que puede contribuir a estos propósitos. El objetivo del presente artículo fue examinar el alcance de estas declaraciones para la educación quirúrgica en Colombia. Métodos. Se analizó desde una posición crítica y reflexiva el alcance y limitaciones para Colombia de cada una de las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery, con base en la evidencia empírica publicada durante las últimas dos décadas en revistas indexadas nacionales e internacionales. Resultados. La evidencia empírica producida en Colombia durante el presente siglo permite identificar que el país cuenta con fundamentos del currículo nacional en cirugía general, formulado por la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía en 2021; un sistema de acreditación de la educación superior; un modelo de aseguramiento universal en salud; infraestructura tecnológica y condiciones institucionales que pueden facilitar la adopción exitosa de dichas declaraciones para el entrenamiento de los futuros cirujanos en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia. No obstante, su implementación requiere esfuerzos mayores e inversión en materia de simulación quirúrgica, cooperación institucional y fortalecimiento del sistema de recertificación profesional. Conclusión. La educación quirúrgica colombiana está en capacidad de cumplir con las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery en materia de entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia.


Introduction. The general surgeon training curriculum requires precision, contextual fit, and feasibility. In 2022, the World Society of Emergency Surgery formulated five statements on training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery, which can contribute to these purposes. This article examines the scope of these declarations for surgical education in Colombia. Methods. The scope and limitations for Colombia of each of the statements of the World Society of Emergency Surgery were analysed from a critical and reflective position, based on empirical evidence published during the last two decades in national and international indexed journals. Results. The empirical evidence produced in Colombia during this century allows us to identify that the country has the foundations of the national curriculum in general surgery, formulated by the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery in 2021; a higher education accreditation system; a universal health insurance model; technological infrastructure, and institutional conditions that can facilitate the successful adoption of said statements for the training of future surgeons in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery. However, its implementation requires greater efforts and investment in surgical simulation, institutional cooperation, and strengthening of the professional recertification system. Conclusion. Colombian surgical education is able to comply with the declarations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery regarding training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical, Graduate , Emergency Medicine , General Surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Digestive System , Emergencies
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